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4 Conservation and genetics of Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl. of Tiawan Shong Huang Abstract The Yangmingshan National Park is one of the most floristically diverse areas in northern Taiwan. A monotypic deciduous tree, Bretschneidera sinensis with approximately 100 families of native plants occurred in the park. B. sinensis been reported as a non-endemic but rare species, occupying the fragmented forests. Population viability analysis was studied by means of both estimates of subpopulation survical rate and estimates of reproduction rates. High varition in these estimates was found among subpopulations and between the opposite-slope nurseries within populations. This result indicateed that selection imposed by microhabitat variations can cause a high degree of differentiation among sites over short distances. This study provides correlational evidence that selection can act via several different environmental factors such as humidity and light intensity, and the vital rates and growth rates among local populations can be due to the action of selection within population rather than among populations.

5 1. 2. (,1994) -1-

6 50 (Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl.), ( 1984)( ) ( 1986 Chaw & Peng ) ( ) ( A ), ), ( ),,, ( ),, -2-

7 , ( ) (Tang 1935) ( 1986 Chaw & Peng 1987 Yang& Hu 1985) (Boufford et; al 1989); ( Tobe & Peng 1990), (1992), (1992) (1992) (Schaal 1975) (Endler 1973 Slatkin ) (Wright 1946)

8 1994 ( 1994) (F IS =0.226) (Wahlund effect) (Hedrick 1983) (1994) (1997 ) (1995) 6 ( P<0.5)( ) -4-

9 (1995) 1993 (HOT-2) HOT-1 HOT-Y 1993 HOT-1: ;HOT-2: ; HOT-Y ; ; (ANOVA) (HOT-1 v.s. HOT-2) ( ) (HOT-1 v.s. HOT-Y) ; ; (200 ) (200 ) -5-

10 15cm ( ) ( ) 30% ( ) (89% v.s. 75%)( ) 11.23% 3.39%( ) % ( ) 53% ( ) -6-

11 ( ) 15 19% (10 12%) (5 12%). 30% 75% 11.5% (Reciprocal transplantation) -7-

12 ( ) 35% % (103/902) % -8-

13 (1997) ( 12 ) (1997) 2001 ( ) ( ), -9-

14 ~ ~ (20/178) (5/150) (1993~1994) ±3.55 ±4.16

15 I. A B C (0.84) 43 (0.80) 49 (0.88) 39 (0.67) 18 (0.33) 37 (0.66) (cm) 17.87± ± ±5.20 Π A B C D ±4.5 (17%) ±14.4 (10%) ±43.2 (5%) 9.0±2.9 (19%) 24.6±6.5 (10%) 37.1±11.4 (9%) ±17.5 (8%) ±12.3 (13%) 15.6±6.5 (16%) 12.5±9.9 (25%) ±37 (7%) ±12.4 (23%) 11.6±3.8 (17%) 20.3±5.6 (12%) 29.1±11.5 (12%) 38.1±15.5 (10%) 8.73±5.4 (27%) 8.72±6.9 (30%) 8.69±5.1 (26%) 11.3±2.8 (15%)

16 A Ho-N B Ho-S C Ho-Y D Ho-D CV=S / X.

17 r = 0.8

18 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 Y-6 Y-12 Y-31 Y-39 n Fr% H-A1 H-A2 H-A3 H-A4 H-A5 Y Y-12 Y-31 Y-39 Mean Fr% m+s m-s Mean + Fr = Fr = /

19 (1) (4): (1): (4): :49-67 Boufford. D.E., A. Kjar, J. Ogaard Madsen and T. Skrydstrup Glucosinolates in Bretschneideraceae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 17:

20 Chaw, S.-M. and C.-I. Peng Palynological notes on Bretschneiders sinensis Hemsl. Bot. Bull. Academia Sinica 28:

21 Endler, J.A Gene flow and population differentiation. Science 179: Flint, H.L Cold hardiness of twigs of Quercus rubra L. as a function of geographical origin. Ecology 53: Hedrick, P.W Genetic of populations. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Schaal, B.A Population structure and local differentiation in Liastris cylindracea. Amer. Natur. 109: Slatkin, M Gene flow in natural populations. Ann. Rev. Evol. Syst. 16: Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural population. Science 239: Tang, Y Notes on the systematic position of Bretschneidera sineneis as shown by its timber anatomy. Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: Tobe, H. and C. -I. Peng The embryology and Taxonomic relationships of Bretschneidera (Bretschneideraceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 103: Wright, S Isolation by distance under diverse systems of mating. Genetics 31: Yang, D. Q. and C.M. Hu the chromosomes of Bretschneidera Hemsl. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42:

22 Bretschneidera sinensis Heml