~ 40 cm 10 ~ 20 cm Spartina alterniflora ~ 300 m a ~ mm 60 ~ 70% 17 0 m 222 km 2 16 No ~

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "~ 40 cm 10 ~ 20 cm Spartina alterniflora ~ 300 m a ~ mm 60 ~ 70% 17 0 m 222 km 2 16 No ~"

戎杨阳
5 years ago
Views:

1 ACTA SEDIMENTOLOGICA SINICA Vol. 30 No. 6 Dec POC δ 13 C Cl - / 4 4 POC 4 Cl - / Cl - / 4 Cl - / qqchen@ sklec. ecnu. edu. cn P736 Q A bacteria 6 1 P CO2 2 CO heterotrophic bacteria HB 5 6 POC Cl - / 4 POC δ 13 C 7 8 sulfate-reducing

2 ~ 40 cm 10 ~ 20 cm Spartina alterniflora ~ 300 m a ~ mm 60 ~ 70% 17 0 m 222 km 2 16 No ~ ~ ~ ~ m cm PVC 0. 9 m 6. 2 m 19 1 ~ 2 19 PVC 19 PVC 3 m 20 cm cm a ~ 4 Phraqmites australis Scirpus triqueter Scirpus mariqueter 1 cm Carex scabrifolia 19 0 ~ 4 1 ~ 3 m Table 1 1 Sampling location and aboveground vegetation /cm DT 'E 'N DT 'E 'N DT 'E 'N DT 'E 'N DT 'E 'N DT 'E 'N 40

3 ~ 22 cm 51 ~ 52 cm 81 ~ 82 cm 21 ~ 22 cm 51 ~ 52 cm 21 ~ 22 cm 39 ~ 40 cm g 50 ml M 1 9 MPN 95% h cfu /g 24 M 2 % 2. 4 M 1 - M 2 / M 2 100% HB 2. 3 MPN g 3 ~ 5 g 10 NaCl 5 g 15 ~ 20 g 1000 ml 1 6 ml 60% g NH 4 Cl 0. 5 g K 2 HPO g MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0. 5 g Na 2 SO g CaCl 2 6H 2 O 1 L 10% NaOH 15 ml min ph 7. 0 ~ ml g NaCl 1000 ml 3 9 ml ml 15 ml min 3 1 g 250 ml 99 ml 20 min 4 10% 10 1 d g 90 ml μm d 8 20 min ~ % 1 g 99 ml μm 6 5 min 6 15 ml 1 g = / 10% μm ml 1% μm Cl ml 1 ml 10 g < h μm 5 ml 10-3 ~ ICS 2500 DIONEX Cl - 4

4 ASRS ULTRA 2 mm 1240 Psi ml /min 10 mmol /L NaOH 1 g /L EG50 21 ~ 22 cm 5 mg /L 2 ~ 3 2 DT ~ 22 cm POC δ 13 C DT-01-2 DT HB Table HB Concentrations of and heterotrophic bacteria HB in samples of the cores with different altitudes and plant rhizospheres in the Chongmingdongtan saltmarsh HB / 10 4 cfu g - 1 DW / 10 cfu g - 1 DW /cm ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ DT ~ 52 cm DT ~ 40 cm DT ~ 22 cm DT-01- > > 2 DT-01-2 POC 0. 8% DT % DT-02-1 POC 0. 38% DT % DT-01-2 DT-02-1 POC DT-08-1 DT-08-2 POC 1 9 POC ~ 22 cm 2 21 ~ 22 cm ~ 22 cm 51 ~ 52 cm 2 4 POC Eh Eh 25 9 POC

5 Fig. 1 1 Distribution of particulate organic carbon with depth at sites with different altitudes in the Chongmingdongtan salt marsh of the Yangtze Estuary 4 HB 27 HB ph ~ 22 cm HB 51 ~ 52 cm POC ~ 22 cm 1 HB 21 ~ 22 cm HB 51 ~ 52 cm 2 2 POC 1 HB HB 2 HB 3 POC HB POC HB POC HB HB HB

6 HB 4 2 HB HB HB HB 2 HB HB 2 21 ~ 22 cm HB DT-01-2 HB HB 3. 2 HB 2 21 ~ 22 cm HB HB HB C DT-01-2 δ 13 C POC 2 HB 2 DT POC DT HB 2 DT-01-2 HB 2 2 DT-02-1 δ 13 C POC HB 28 ph 9 27 HB DT-08-1 δ 13 C ~ POC 2 DT- HB POC 08-2 δ 13 C ~ POC 1 HB 4 DT-01-2 δ 13 C POC 2 DT-02-1 HB HB DT POC DT HB δ 13 C POC 29 2 HB HB

7 Fig. 2 2 δ 13 C POC Correlation between δ 13 C of particulate organic carbon and POC content for cores at different altitudes in the Chongmingdongtan saltmarsh of the Yangtze Estuary DT-01-2 HB Cl - DT-08-1 δ 13 C Cl - Cl DT Cl - 4 DT-08-2 δ 13 C DT Cl - / 4 > δ 13 4 C DT-08-1 DT DT-01-2 DT-02-1 Cl - / 4 3 Cl - / HB DT DT HB Cl - /

8 Fig. 3 3 Cl - / 4 Vertical variations in molar ratio of Cl - to 4 for cores at high tidal flat and middle tidal flat of the Chongmingdongtan saltmarsh Cl - 4 DT-01-2 Cl - / Cl DT Cl - / Cl - / Cl - / DT-08-1 Cl - / Cl - / 4 DT POC DT Cl - / 4 3 DT-08-2 HB Cl - / 4 8 ~ 16 POC DT HB DT POC HB 4 Cl - / 4 POC 4 2 > > Cl - 4

9 HB HB HB Huanhghe River J 253 HB Barton L L. Sulfate-reducing Bacteria M HB 4 Cl - / J Cl - / wetland of Mengqing Garden J carbon oxidation in bioturbated saltmarsh sediments J 4 Cl - / 4 and Oceanography Cl - / controls in contrasting habitats of the Georgia saltmarsh J 4 Geochemistry References 1 Mitsch W J Gossilink J G. Wetlands the third edition M. New York John Wiley & Sons Inc Raymond P A Bauer J E Cole J J. Atmospheric CO 2 evasion dissolved inorganic carbon production and net heterotrophy in the York River Estuary J. Limnology & Oceanography Cai WJ Wang YC Krest J et al. The geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a surficial groundwater aquifer in North Inlet South Carolina and the carbon fluxes to the coastal ocean J. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta J Liu Xingtu. Main ecological problems of wetlands in China and their countermeasures J. Wetland Science & Management Weston N B Porubsky W P Samarkin V A et al. Porewater stoichiometry of terminal metabolic products sulfate and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in estuarine intertidal creek-bank sediments J. Biogeochemistry J Xing Ying Liu Changhong An Shuqing. Microbes and their functions in sulfur cycle of coastal salt marsh sediments J. Chinese Journal of Ecology. J Sun Bingyin Jing Meide. A study on sulfate reduction in salt marsh near the estuary of obsolete. Journal of Applied Ecology Miley G A Kiene R P. Sulfate reduction and porewater chemistry in a gulf coast Juncus roemerianus Needlerush marsh J. Estuaries New York Plenum Press Ding Hao Ling Yun Xu Yatong et al. Investigation on rhizosphere microbes of bulrush. Sichuan Environment Kostka J E Gribsholt B Petrie E et al. The rates and pathways of. Limnology 12 Hyun J H Smith A C Kostka J E. Relative contributions of sulfateand iron III reduction to organic matter mineralization and process. Applied. J Pei Xichao Xu Yanli Wei Wei. A review on soil microorganisms in wetland ecosystem J. Wetland Science J Wang Hongli Xiao Chunling Li Chaojun et al. Spatial variability of organic carbon in the soil of wetlands in Chongming Dongtan and its influnetial factors J. Journal of Agro-Environment Science J Yuan Qi Cui Yuxue Chen Qingqiang et al. Primary study on contents of sulfate reducing bacteria and organic matter from intertidal zone of Chongming Dongtan J. Environmental Science J Yuan Xingzhong Lu Jianjian Liu Hong. Influence of characteristics of Scirpus mariqueter community on the benthic macro-invertebrate in a salt marsh of the Changjiang Estuary J. Acta Ecologica Sinica

10 flat of the Yangtze River Estuary J. Marine Geology & Quaternary M. Geology Editorial Group of Shanghai Coastal Zone and Tidal Flat Resources Comprehensive Investigation. Report of Shanghai Coastal Zone and Tidal Flat Resources Comprehensive Investigation M. Shanghai Shanghai Scientific & Technological Publisher J. 24. M Yuan Xingzhong Lu Jianjian. Studies on zoobenthos resources in the islands of the Changjiang estuary J. Journal of Natural Resources J Chen M Editorial Group of Shanghai Island Comprehensive Investigation. Report of Shanghai Islands Comprehensive Investigation M. Qingqiang Zhou Juzhen Meng Yi et al. Accumulation of organic carbon during evolution of the tidal flat in the Yangtze Estuary J. Progress in Natural Science Shanghai Shanghai Scientific & Technological Publisher J Zhang Fusuo Cao Yiping. Rhizosphere dynamics 20 and plant nutrition J. Acta Pedologica Sinica J Yang Shilun Chen Shenliang Wang Xingfang. Controlling factors of changes of natural environment and countermeasures in the Yangtze River Estuary J. Journal of Natural Disasters M Zhou Deqing. Microbiology M. Beijing High Education Press J Fan Daidu Li Congxian Chen Meifa et al. Quantitative analyses on diastems of the mudflat deposits in the Yangtze River Delta J. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology Chen Q Q Gu H Q Zhou J Z et al. Trends of soil organic matter J He Xiaoqin Dai Xuerong Liu Qingyu et al. Observation and analysis of the process of present-day morphology in the Chongming tidal 23 Yuan L Zhang L Q Xiao D R et al. The application of cutting plus waterlogging to control Spartina alterniflora on saltmarshes in the Yangtze Estuary China J. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science Xu Guanghui Zheng Hongyuan. Analytical Methods for Soil Microbes M. Beijing Agriculture Press J Chen Qingqiang Shen Chengde Sun Yanmin et al. Characteristics of soil organic carbon and its isotopic compositions J. Chinese Journal of Ecology turnover in the salt marsh of the Yangtze River Estuary J. Journal of Geographical Sciences Distribution Pattern of Sulfate-reducing Bacteria and Its Environmental Mechanism in the Saltmarsh of the Yangtze Estuary CHEN Qing-qiang 1 TANG Yuan 2 YANG Yan 1 XIE Bing 2 L Bao-yi 2 1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai Department of Environment Science East China Normal University Shanghai Abstract Coastal saltmarshes are among the most productive ecosystems in the world and scientific evaluations of their potentials as carbon sources or sinks have great significances for the studies on carbon exchanges between land and the sea. Sulfate reduction is the most important process for degradation of soil organic matters of saltmarshes and the main functional microbes in this process are sulfate-reducing bacteria. Two transects from hight tidal flat to bare flat were selected from areas with Spartina alterniflora and native vegetation respectively for investigations of spatial distribution characteristics and mechanism of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the Chongmingdongtan saltmarsh of the Yangtze Estuary. This study was based on data including concentrations of both and heterotrophic bacteria HB in soil samples with different depths and plant rhizospheres content and δ 13 C value of particulate organic carbon POC and molar ratio of Cl - / 4 of interstitial water in drilling cores with different altitudes in the saltmarsh. concentrations of the cores increase from the high tidal flat to the bare flat due to decrease of oxygen content and

11 increase of 4 content of the cores from land to the sea. This suggests that turn to be more important in mineralization of organic matters from the high tidal flat to the bare flat. The variation trend of concentration from the high tidal flat to the bare flat however has not been influenced markedly by POC content of the soils. The concentrations of HB in samples with different depths of the drilling core from high tidal flat are markedly greater than those of HB in samples with corresponding depths of the drilling cores from both middle tidal flat and bare flat. This is due to the decreases in both oxygen content and POC content of the cores from land to the sea. Different cores are similar in that the concentrations of HB decrease with depth due to the decrease of soil oxygen content with depth. The concentration of HB in the area with higher POC content is markedly greater that that of HB in the area with lower POC content. The concentrations of are markedly different in rhizospheres of different types of vegetations. is susceptible to rhizospheres of different types of vegetations. Rehizosphere of Phraqmites australis is the most favorable one for growth and that of Scirpus triqueter comes next. Rehizosphere of Spartina alterniflora is unfavorable to growth and the root secretion may restrain the development of. The concentration of HB in the rhizosphere soil is greater than that of HB in nonrhizosphere soil and HB is not susceptible to the rhizospheres of different types of vegetations. Soil organic matter content is the key factor that result in the difference in microbe amount between the drilling cores with the same altitudes from different transects. The difference in microbe amount between drilling cores with different altitudes in one transect is due to the differences in both soil oxygen content and 4 content between the cores. is susceptible to the organic components originating from Spartina alterniflora and the organic matters with much components coming from Spartina alterniflora may restrain the growth of. Mineralizations of the organic components originating from Spartina alterniflora probably attribute to HB. The molar ratio of Cl - / 4 of interstitial water is low and is less than in most cases indicating additon of 4 with sources other than the sea. Such additions of 4 offset the consumption of 4 due to sulfate reduction and make it more difficult to determine quantitatively the intensity of sulfate reduction based on the molar ratio of Cl - / 4 of interstitial water in the salt marsh. The more there exists the greater the molar ratio of Cl - / 4 is and the more marked sulfate reduction is in one drilling core. Key words saltmarsh sulfate-reducing bacteria heterotrophic bacteria the Yangtze Estuary

% GIS / / Fig. 1 Characteristics of flood disaster variation in suburbs of Shang

% GIS / / Fig. 1 Characteristics of flood disaster variation in suburbs of Shang 20 6 2011 12 JOURNAL OF NATURAL DISASTERS Vol. 20 No. 6 Dec. 2011 1004-4574 2011 06-0094 - 05 200062 1949-1990 1949 1977 0. 8 0. 03345 0. 01243 30 100 P426. 616 A Risk analysis of flood disaster in Shanghai