* / independent semantic change analogical semantic change 1 Geeraerts 1997 94 Geeraerts 1997 101 associative link 1 private soldier soldier private 2 chat chas chat maroufle * 2010 8 1 2005 1989a 1989b 70-93 1995 1999 507
25 2011 4 3 angelos human messenger envoy ml k heavenly messenger angel angelos ml k angelos zwart black grijs grey cohyponym angelos ml k semantic borrowing 1 2 semantic analogy 3 18 1994 136-164 2002 2005 Kroesch 1926 20 80 1984 1985 1985 2003 1999 136-164 1993 2005 2005 2008 1987 1998 1997 60 2 1985 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 Geeraerts 1997 101 zwart grijs Kroesch 1926 2 1997 60-63 1995 1997 78-87 1993 / / 508
change in process 1. 1 3 structural a- lignment SA SB SC SD SA SD scale SA SB SC SD N SA SD SA SB SC SD trigger A B C A B C SA SB SC A SA B SB C SC SA SB SC conceptual domain SA SA SB SB SC SC SD SD sense-relation structure isomorphism SA SB SC SD SA SB SC SD base domain target do- main Gentner structure-mapping theory 3 509
25 2011 4 relational pattern 1 structurally consistent 2 rational focus 3 systematicity Gentner 1983 1988 Gentner & Markman 1997 Holyoak Gentner & Kokinov 2001 2 align trigger point RA RB RC R A B C 1 1 SA SB SC SA SB SC I II SA SB SC P SA SB SC Q P = Q RA SA SA RA SB SB SC SC RB RC RA RB RC I II I II B C A P Q A B C 510 1. 2
2005 4 5 6 4 5 http / / bbs. finance. sina. com. cn / tableforum 6 511
25 2011 4 7 A SA A1 A2 A3 SA1 SA2 SA3 A SA A1 SA1 A2 SA2 A3 SA3 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA basic level category theme group A B C D SA SB SC SD A SA A B C D SB SC SD SA SB SC SD SA SB SC SD SA 3. 1 7 http / / xgq1900. blog. tianya. cn 512
topic association 3. 2 2006 2007 QDII 5 4. 1 513
25 2011 4 hierarchical structure 8 A B C A B C B C A 9 motivate 4. 2 1989a 1 SA SA SB SC 8 associative relation relevant association 9 1989a 514
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25 2011 4 瑏瑡 dosa / dusyati 獉獉 dosa / dusyati 1990 獉獉 copy 1995 2000 2008 2005 2007 1989a 1989b / 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 1999 16 Kroesch 1926 content meaning Kroesch 瑏瑡 / / large-scale conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A JOURNEY ARGUMENT IS WAR ontological correspondence epistemic correspondence LOVE IS A JOURNEY ARGUMENT IS WAR Lakoff & Johnson 1980 Lakoff 1993 Gentner et al. 2001 516
1991 1999 18-19 1 1 + + 2 + 3 + + + 1 defining feature Geeraerts 1997 101 2 private soldier F word-form 2 private 2 SA SB FA FB P Q private private soldier Radden & K vecses 1999 maroufle 瑏瑢 4. 3 network 1 A SA SA SA SA A B SB SB SA SA SA A SB SB SA 1999 17-18 / / / 瑏瑢 maroufle 517
25 2011 4 / / / 1987 1993 1997 67-70 3 3 SA SB SC SA SA SB SC 3 P = Q SA SB SC 3 P Q 瑏瑣 瑏瑤 mechanism 瑏瑣 瑏瑤 1985 / 1987 / / 1993 / 1984 1985 1989 518
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den eds. Metonymy in Language and Thought 17-59. Amsterdam / Philadelphia John Benjamins Publishing Company. New Types of Semantic Analogy Its Nature in Cognition Motivation and Other Issues Zhu Yan Abstract This paper discusses semantic analogy caused by sense-relations in word groups. In the previous studies on semantic analogy usually only synonymous and antonymous word groups are concerned but actually semantic analogy also occurs in other types of word groups such as co-hyponymous hyponymous and thematic groups. It analyses several word groups where semantic analogy occurrs in modern Chinese presents three psychological constraints to semantic analogy 1 structural consistency 2 relational focus and 3 systematicity and claims that semantic analogy is fundamentally a domain-crossing mapping motivated by isomorphism between sense-relations of different conceptual domains. And as a prototypical category semantic analogy involves prototypical graduality. Finally it attempts to make clear the relations between some relevant phenomena e. g. sense extension and semantic analogy and emphasizes the importance of utterance meaning where the mechanisms and rules of language change can be clearly observed. Key words semantic analogy structure-mapping sense-relation structure prototype gradualism 100871 521