2011 6 46 57-114 whchi@mail.nhu.edu.tw NSC 98-2410-H-343-025 2010/7/27 2011/3/9

58 60 1 2

Taiwanese Journal of Sociology, June 2011, 46: 57-114 Transformation of the Publicness in the Field of Popular Religion in Tainan, Taiwan Wei-hsian CHI Department of Applied Sociology, Nanhua University Abstract The author looks at ways that temples in Tainan, Taiwan produce religious discourses, and how the cross-temple publicity is constructed. Contingency is presented as an essential factor in this religious construction. A mutual-reinforcing operation between transcendental and secular discourses is found as a characteristic of the discursive production of popular religion. This basic operation shows how temples in Tainan have undergone a transformation from public entities to temple associations since the 1970s. This transformation has at least two implications: (a) the guiding principle of temple publicity has changed from territorial to power-holding, and (b) the emergence of structural differentiation in the field of popular religion. In connection with this, the author reflects on the potential for and difficulty of integrating local temples within the politico-cultural localization. Keywords: Popular religion, publicness, cross-temple field, temple coalition, operation of mutual-reinforcing interpretation

60 2005 2006

61 Jürgen Habermas

62 Habermas 1989 1 Habermas 1989: 22-23 2 ibid.: 3, 44-51 3 ibid.: 40-43 Öffentlichkeit publicness

63 public sphere 1 Casanova 1994 deprivatization Casanova Casanova 1994: 228-229 1 Öffentlichkeit publicness public sphere Öffentlichkeit Habermas 1989: 1-12

64 1 2

65 2008 3 2010 3

66 1988 ibid.: 104 2006 1995: 73 1996: 193-194 1994: 219-220 1987: 33-36 1973: 204 1989: 232 1996 1973: 180-181 1972: 21 1973: 197-201 1973: 177-178 1989: 235 1989: 231-236 2000: 146

67 1999: 204-206, 300-323; 2001 2005 2008: 266 David Jordan 1986: 258-268 Steve Sangren

68 Sangren 2000: 58-67 ibid.: 97-98 Sangren Sangren 2 2 2009: 27-46

69 1990: 229 2006: 39-66 1953 1970 3 4 3 1998 237 4 1974

70 5 1661 1683 2005 2003: 184-185 5 1996: 189-190 1972: 20-21

71 1 2010: 19-22, 31-33 2 6 3 7 6 7

72 8 8 2008/4/30

73 36 ~ xx 9 9 2009/9/28

74 10 11 10 2009/10/23 11 2009/10/23

75

76 Bronislaw Malinowski James Frazer Malinowski 1948: 91-111, 143-148 Claude Lévi-Stauss Lévi-Stauss 1966: 16-22; ibid. 2001: 8-9, 22-24

77 40 12 36 13 12 13 2009/10/23

78 40

79 context institutionized kiakuan 14 14

80 15 15 2009/1/31

81 ko! 16 16 2008/6/14

82 90 3 17 1 2 3 17 2008/6/16

83

84

85 1 2 3 Durkheim 1960: 65 2010: 101

86 1990: 223 1990: 223 1985: 51-52 1990: 223 2003: 20-29 1997: 224 18 18 1985: 98-99 ibid.: 48-49

87 1. 2009: 108-113 10 1990: 225 1985: 99-100

88 19 19 Bourdieu Bourdieu 1980: 210 Bourdieu méconnaître Bourdieu 1980: 210-218; 1993: 75

89 97 2. 50

90

91 20 60 20

92 1. 21 1996: 40-41 22 21 22 Bourdieu agent Bourdieu Bourdieu 1998; Bourdieu et al. 1992

93 2009 9 1 2 3

94 2.

95 23 23 2009/9/28

96 2006: 347 2010: 59-60 60 1.

97 24 24 2009/11/25

98 25 2. 25 2009/2/14

99 70

100

101

102

103 1984 2005 Jordan 1994; Pas 2003; Katz 2003

104 2010: 19-22 1 2 3

105 vs.

106

107

108

109

110 2009 2008 1972 23(3): 1-38 1985 1984 385-412 1994 193-234 2003 1988 95-126 2006 327-357 2005 62: 57-92

111 1973 36: 165-190 1996 34(2): 175-197 1989 223-239 1974 36: 113-138 1973 36: 165-190 1997 1 9 9 9 1 6 8 3-1895 2001 18: 203-242 2005 147: 201-259 1995 80: 61-114 2009 2010 2003 169-192

112 1987 2006 35: 116-130 2006 2010 19: 1-54 2006 44: 39-64 1996 221-242 2005 39(2): 41-66 1990 1990 2000 115-152

113 Bourdieu, Pierre, 1980, Le sens pratique. Paris: minuit. Bourdieu, Pierre, 1993, The Field of Cultural Production. Cambridge: Polity Press. Bourdieu, Pierre, 1998, Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action. Cambridge: Polity. Bourdieu, Pierre and Loic J. D. Wacquant, 1992, An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Casanova, Jose, 1994, Public Religions in the Modern World. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Durkheim, Emile, 1960, Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse. Paris: Quadrige. Habermas, Jürgen, 1989, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Cambridge: Polity Press. Jordan, David, 1986, Shiunshou and Jinshiang: Two Kinds of Chinese Religious Processions & Their Sociological Implications. 255-270 Jordan, David, 1994, Cultural Changes in Postwar Taiwan and Their Impact on the Popular Practice of Religion. Pp. 137-160 in Cultural Changes in Postwar Taiwan, edited by Harrell, Stevan et al., Boudler: Westview Press. Katz, Paul, 2003, Religion and the State in Post-war Taiwan. China Quarterly 174: 395-412. Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 1966, The Savage Mind. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

114 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 2001, Myth and Meaning. Rye Field Publications. Malinowski, Bronislaw, 1948, Magic, Science and Religion. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Pas, Julian, 2003, Stability and Changes in Taiwan Religious Culture. Pp. 36-47 in Religion in Modern Taiwan: Tradition and Innovation in a Changing Society, edited by Clart, Philip et al., Honolulu: University of Hawai i Press. Sangren, P. Steven, 2000, Chinese Sociologics: An Anthropological Account of The Role of Alienation in Social Reproduction. London: Athlone.