20 (1900 1930) 20,,,,,, 20,,20, (,50 ),, 90, 184
,20,, ; ;,,,,,,,, 20 30,,,,,, ( 2000 ) ( 2002 ) ( 2002 6 ) 20 20 40 ( 2002 4 ) ( 2000 2 ), ( 2002 4 ) :, 1995 2 ;:, 1997 3 ; 20 ( 2003 4 ) (181 ) 185
2004 3, 20, (1900 1930),, (),,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 186
20, ;,,,,,:, ;,,, ( ),,,,,,, : :20,, 2001,252 257 :, :11,1990,50 ;1996 2000 : (1930 5 ), :,1982,141 ; 1996 2000 187
2004 3, (, ),, 80 %,20 %,, ( ), 50 %,30 %,20 %,, 75 %, 20 %, 5 % 2000, 438,20 %,,,, 1987 1 : (1930 10 ),,184 :,,202 203 :,1938,157 (1929 7 ), :,1979,69 : (1930 2 25 ), : ( ), 1980,200 201 :,1955,333 188
,,,, 3,10,, 1,, 3, 21. 97,, 1 1,1 2,,,,, (, ),,,,,,,,, :,1930 1,77 81 ;:,1948 6 14,3 :,:, : 3,1993,3 :,11,51 :,1981,71 ; :,,202 203 :,,203 147 ;:,72 :, 2,1993,60 189
2004 3,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6,6, 10,50, :,,149 :,11,52 ; :, 2,60 :,,148 149 205 206 ; :,11,50 ; 1996 2000 190
,, 8,9 10 11 20,,,,, 1929,,,,,,,, 40 % ;,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 10 12 :,,153 154 :,,84 1999 12 :,1993,373 :,11,52 :,,203 153 :,11,52 ; :,72 :,,207 191
2004 3 ; 3 6,,,, 10,,1 ;,,,,,,,,,1930 8,;,,,,,,,,,30 %,100,70 % ;90 % ;70 %,,10 % :,72 :, : 1982 1,7 :,,207 1, :, : 35,1996,180 59 60,372 :,,132 133 192
,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;, (, ) 4/ 5,,,,,,,,,,,20,,, 1996 2000 :,,145 :, 1993, 488,156 157 193
2004 3 (), 20,,,,,,, ;,,2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,70 %, 10 %, 20 % ; () ; 20 20,,, ;, ;, :,,153 :,,145 201 194
,1928,2. 5 % 3. 0 % ; 2 3,,,,, () 14 (), 15 % 36 %, 20 % 30 %, 26 % 27 % 25 %,30 % 50 %,,,2 % ;,, 24 % 26 % 27 %,1927,,20 % ;, 20 % 20 % :2, 1957, 545 :,11,51 :, 1992,51 52 (1929 7 ),,69 :,1993,620 : 20 %, 2002 4 1930 5,,153 195
2004 3, 26 % 27 %,,20 %, 1 20 ( %) ( %) ( %) 36 24 12 24 20 15 30 20 12 30 15 12 50 30 20 48 25 15 50 30 30 20 14 24 36 36 36 24 30 24 :,,153 196
:2,545 ;, (1936 12 ), 86, ( ) 1977,45306 45307 ;, 145 201 ;,,158 (1929 7 27 ),,98 ;, (1929 7 ),,69, 20 30,, 1930,,,,,, ;,,,,,,2 3,,, ( ),, ( ), (1930 10 12 ), :, 1982,555 ; (1929 7 ),,68 69 197
2004 3,,,,,,,,36 % 3000,, 30 %, 1 30 %,,,,, 10 %,,,,( ),,,,,,,,12 % 13 %, 50, 50,7,,,,,,,1, 28,12 % 13 %,,, 1, 28, 30 % :,,64 65 74 119 63 64 :,,146 63 :,,208 :,,208 209 211 198
, 12 %,,,, 30 %,, 20, : (1) ; (2) ; (3),,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,20,,,1918 1925,,,,,,,, :, 35,32 :,,146 :,1995,2 199
2004 3 21,,1916, 6900 ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50 %,,;, ( ),2 3,3 :,,65 147,3 8 :,,147 200
, 100 %,, 30 % 100 %,1, 1 3 2 :, ( ) ; ;,, 2 ;,25 %,,,100 %, 1 2,,?,,,,,,,,,, :,72 :,11,51 :,,147 :,,203 :, 1,1991,28,209 :,,148 149 205 206 :,,147 :, 35,31 201
2004 3, 100 %,,,,,50 %, ; 1 2,,,, 2, 100 %,,,,, ( ) ; 50 %, 50 % 100 %,,, :50 %,, ;,,,,,, 100 %,,,,90 %, 10 %,,,,50 % 100 %, :,,203 1996 2000 :,,204 203 ; :, 1,28 :,,203 :,,148 202
,,,,,,,,,,,,,20,, ;,,,,,, (), :,,,,20, 1987 1 ;, 1995 2 ;, 1997 3 203
2004 3,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 29. 91 %, ( ) 56. 62 %, 86. 53 %,, :,3 4 (1929 3 8 ), ( ),2,,145 154 201 208 ; (1929 7 ),,67 69 204
, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,157 :, 1992 3 :, 1995,45 48 :3,1975,677 205
2004 3,10 %,, 50, 1, 28,,,,,,,,,, 2000, ;,,600, 86 % ;3000,, 2000, 77 % ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, :,,208 209 211 :,,146 64 78 63 74 75 206
,, :, ;,,,,17. 5 %,,,,,,,,,,,,,10, ;,,,70 % 80 %,,,,, :,,133 205 ; :,11,50 :,,133 : (1930 2 25 ), ( ),200 201 :, 1992,51 53 207
2004 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 20 30 438, 203,144,77,,77 81 :,1948 6 14,3 :,:, 3,13 :,333 208
96 % ;2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, () 20,,,,,156 157 :,1987, 240 209
2004 3,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 210
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 4, 5 10, 2,,,,,,,,,,, ; 211
2004 3,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 35,32, : :,,153 212
, 2 %,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 %,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, :, 35,63 :, 1941 5,121 213
2004 3,,20 30,,,,4. 8 %,5. 6 %, 85. 6 %,,,,, ;,,,,, 20 30,, :, 1989 3,87 88 :, : 86, 45295, :,1999,276 ( 2002 2 ) :, :,, :, : 86, 45295 214
, ;,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 20 40,,,,, ;,,,,,,, :, 1983,79 :,,147 ( ),99 100, 33,1932 9 13 (1948 2 19 ),:,1981,260 215
2004 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (,),, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 216
,,,,;,,,,, 330013 : 217
army in China, there has been a constant stream of Japanese people praising the Japanese army s bearing and discipline. Because Japanese records were largely burned and destroyed after World War II, and some Japanese people don t ac2 knowledge the objectivity of contemporary Chinese and Western materials, in Japan this not so distant historical question has become an opaque mystery. How2 ever, based solely on the limited Japanese military materials left to us, such as the daily records of the military tribunal of the Tenth Army and the Central China Army (the latter also mainly records of cases of the Tenth Army), and the diary of the head of the Tenth Army s military tribunal, we can still confirm that Japanese soldiers committed many acts of rape, murder, arson and robbery. The view that the Japanese army always maintained good bearing and discipline is completely unsupported by the historical data left by the Japanese army. Traditional Private Lending and Rural Social Economy : The Case of t he J iangxi2fujian Border Region in t he Early 20t h Cent ury (1900 1930) Wen R ui (184) Re2examination of the conditions, implementations and socio2economic rela2 tions of the traditional private lending in the Jiangxi2Fujian border region in the early 20th century ( before the Soviet Area revolution) indicate that, not only were private loan relations in countryside very widespread, but interest rates were also not so high as academic circles have long firmly believed. Moreover, such lending was indispensable to the operation and development of the rural social e2 conomy, and its actual operation had a very strong market tendency. On the oth2 er hand, the negative effects of private traditional lending in the border region are also obvious. The rural lending issue is not a problem of whether it was necessary or not, but rather a problem of how the government should have regulated and controlled it. A Study of the Movement to Gather Local Gazetteers during the Re2 publican Period Zhang S heng (218) Some Recollections W ang Ji ngy u (253) Survey of Research in Republican China Parliamentary History X ue Heng (270) Financial and Economic Materials in t he Report s of J apanese Surveys of China during the Late Qing and the Republican Periods Chen Feng (291) English abstracts translated by Du Jidong and edited by Alexander Beels 3