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165 Illness and Taoist Initiation in Medieval China Fu-shih Lin Abstract Taoist anecdotes from the Han and Sui dynasties reveal that in medieval China, illness usually constituted an initiation in the practice of Taoism; that is, it transformed the profane individual into a Taoist priest. There were three types of such transformation. First, those who fell ill and were cured by old Taoist masters or immortals became Toaist disciples. Second, some, especially those who contracted chronic diseases, eagerly looked for Taoist healing. At any rate, all those that were cured began to practice Taoist methods in order to reach the state of immortality. Third, some Taoists, however, still suffered from various diseases after their initiation. In these cases, they basically regarded illness as a test or a necessary purification for them to become an immortal. No matter how serious their illness, they never gave up their faith in Taoist deities or their pursuit of immortality, thus leading them to recovery. Keywords: Taoism, illness, healing, initiation, Taoist anecdotes * Fu-shih Lin is an associate research fellow at the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica.