行政许可法 的法律经济学分析 席 * 涛 市场失灵是划分政府与市场关系的边界, 也是政府行政许可的理论基础 行政许可法 设计和安排的特许 普通许可 核准 认可和登记制度, 应致力于解决和应对市场失灵产生的垄断与市 场势力 信息不对称 负外部性和公共产品问题 行政许可法 立法体现出框架性 原则性和模糊性 的特点而缺乏操作性, 故必须结合实体法律法规中的具体许可, 解决市场失灵问题随着政府与市场 的互动, 市场机制与行政许可的范围 内容与措施也在调整变化 市场失灵行政许可法成本与收益 1776 1929 ~ 1932 1936 1960 1 2 * 1 2 50 10ZFG82008 Coase Ronald The Problem of Social Cost 3 Journal of Law and Economics 1 10 1960. George J. Stigler The Theory of Economic Regulation 2 Bell Journal of Economics and Management 3 17 1971 Richard A. Posner Theories of Economic Regulation 5 Bell Journal of Economics 335 352-354 1974.
席涛 3 20 70 4 5 Private ordering Independent judges Regulatory state State ownership 6 1 1 3 4 5 6 Sam Peltzman Towards a More General Theory of Regulation 19 Journal of Law and Economics 211-213 1976 Sam Peltzman George Stigler s Contribution to the Economic Analysis of Regulation 101 Journal of Political Economy 818 827-828 1993. Richard H. Pildes & Cass R. Sunstein Reinventing the Regulatory State 62 The University of Chicago Law Review 1 7 1995 Cass R. Sunstein Congress Constitutional Moments and the Cost - benefit State 48 Stanford Law Review 247 269-297 1996. Edward Glaeser Simon Johnson & Andrei Shleifer Coase versus the Coasians 116 Quarterly Journal of Economics 853 896-897 2001 Simeon Djankov Rafael La Porta Florencio Lopez - De - Silanes & Andrei Shleifer The Regulation of Entry 117 Quarterly Journal of Economics 183 199-200 2002 Edward Glaeser & Andrei Shleifer The Rise of the Regulatory State 41 Journal of Economic Literature 401 422 2003 Juan C. Botero Simeon Djankov Rafael La Porta Florencio Lopez - De - Silanes & Andrei Shleifer The Regulation of Labor 119 Quarterly Journal of Economics 1339 1378-1380 2004 Casey B. Mulligan & Andrei Shleifer The Extent of The Market and The Supply of Regulation 120 Quarterly Journal of Economics 1445 1468-1469 2005. Simeon Djankov Edward Glaeser Rafael La Porta Florencio Lopez - de - Silanes & Andrei Shleifer The New Comparative Economics 31 Journal of Comparative Economics 595 614-615 2003. 51
比较法研究 2014 年第 3 期 7 8 9 10 11 7 8 9 10 11 2001 5 1-12 3 2002 11 52 112-123 Katharina Pistor & Chenggang Xu Incomplete of Law 35 Journal of International Law and Politics 931 932 2003. 2011 2 89 2004 7
席涛 12 13 Pareto Optimality 2 12 2 12 2 D S E 53
比较法研究 2014 年第 3 期 13 free - rider markets failure 14 35 15 16 13 14 15 16 E. E. 3 2005 229-236 1996 897 54 Clinton Executive Order 12866 Regulatory Planning and Review Federal Register Presidential Documents vol. 58 Oct. 4 1993 Obama Executive Order 13563 Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review Federal Register vol. 76 No. 14 Jan. 21 2011. European Commission Impact Assessment Guidelines SEC 2009 92 Jan. 15 2009. OECD OECD 2012 3 22 92 142 2013 11 15 S. L. 6 2006 619
席涛 2003 8 2 12 12 17 12 17 2011 9 83-84 55
比较法研究 2014 年第 3 期 3 3 56
席涛 14 15 30 4 5 18 4 18 4 Qr Pr Qm Pm 5 ABG 57
比较法研究 2014 年第 3 期 5 1. 特许经营的概念 特征与范围 19 W. W. Kip Wiscusi 20 12 2 21 2 22 19 20 21 22 58 2010 6 32 W. W. Kip Wiscusi 3 2004 195 205 231 2012 11 114 2005 2 18
席涛 23 2 2. 特许经营企业产生的方式与价格决定 53 24 25 12 2 3. 特许是社会资源再配置和利益再分配 23 2004 126 1 24 25 18 2008 2 3 59
比较法研究 2014 年第 3 期 2013 10 6 26 1. 信息不对称的概念与特征 6 27 6 26 2013 641 27 6 D S 60 Pd P * P * 2007 401 P *
席涛 28 29 2003 29 30 2. 行政许可法 第 12 条解决方法 12 12 31 28 29 30 31 2011 2 41 43 2005 11 82 2009 5 105 2009 11 105 108 61
比较法研究 2014 年第 3 期 32 33 2013 10 18 8 20 20 34 1. 负外部性的概念与特征 32 33 34 62 43 6 2002 6 30
席涛 7 7 2. 负外部性的两种方式与解决负外部性的方法 35 35 2009 559 2000 284 2013 641 63
比较法研究 2014 年第 3 期 1989 1997 2008 1989 8. 6% 15. 8 7. 2 1997 ~ 1999 1. 7 2008 5. 7 2. 4 8 8 8 1978 数据来源 : 国家统计局编, 2013 中国统计年鉴, 中国统计出版社 2013 年版 64
席涛 9 9 36 37 38 36 37 38 2010 8 4 2005 4 56 2007 8 54 65
比较法研究 2014 年第 3 期 12 13 39 2013 416 39 2005 2 7 66
席涛 Market Failure and Administrative License Law Law and Economics Analysis of Administrative License Law Xi Tao Abstract Market failure is the boundary between government and market which is also the theoretical basis of administrative license. The design and regime of special license simple license authorization approval and registration in Administrative License Law should be dedicated to solving the problems of monopoly information asymmetry externality and public goods caused by market failure. The framework principle and ambiguous stipulations in Administrative License Law makes the law lack of operability thus substantive law with specific licenses should be involved to solve the problems of market failure. In addition the market mechanism and the scope contents and measures of administrative license shall change as the interaction between government and market goes on. Keywords market failure administrative license law cost and benefit 刘馨 67