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88 9 Feng Chia Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences pp. 61-89, No.9, Dec. 2004 College of Humanities and Social Sciences Feng Chia University Investigating the Socioeconomic Conditions in Tsaotun through the Allotment Agreements Che-San Chen * Abstract This paper investigates the socioeconomic conditions during the Ching Dynasty in Tsaotun through thirty allotment agreements. The society in Tsaotun of the Ching Dynasty was a traditional one. A family might live together for three generations and share the common property. However, the shared property would often be evenly divided among the male offspring, when the males of the second or third generation had grown up. Because Tsaotun was a frontier of the reclamation movement, individuals could be more independent and could have more autonomy. The traditional customs then were gradually losing their social sanctions. As a result, an agreement that set forth the division of property was not made by parents as it traditionally was. The socioeconomic condition in Tsaotun of the Ching Dynasty presented a small-farmer economy. In the Jia-Ching era (1796-1820 A.D.), the family which owned the most estates possessed twenty Jia (approximately twenty hectares) of fields and orchards. They were distributed to seven sons, and each son received less than three Jia. In the Guang-Hsiuh era (1875-1908 A.D.), the richest family possessed a little more than fifty Jia of fields and orchards. They were then distributed to six sons, and each son received estates ranging from three to eight Jia. In addition to crops, * Professor, Graduate Institute of History and Historical Relics, Feng Chia University.

89 family income included the rent from sharecroppers and interest of loans. The rate of rent and interest were all higher than those in the northern areas in Taiwan. People also invested their money in businesses that processed produce, for example a small factory that processed peanut oil or cane sugar. Yet, the modern industry had not appeared, and the modernized society was not formed until the early days of the Japanese Colonial period. Keywords: Ching Dynasty, Tsaotun, allotment agreement, society, economy