实用 精炼 权威 上海学生英文报 高考专刊 2011 年 9 月刊总第 11 期 2011 年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷选评 ( 一 ) 第 I 卷 ( 共 105 分 ) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a train station. B. At an airport. C. At a travel agency. D. At a bus station. 2. A. $5. B. $10. C. $15. D. $50. 3. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Salesperson and customer. C. Doctor and patient. D. Waiter and diner. 4. A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied. C. Bored. D. Exhausted. 5. A. Her hair has changed. B. She isn t satisfied with her hair style. C. She prefers to wear long hair. D. The man has changed his hair style. 6. A. It is too early to watch the Talent Show. B. He will go to bed in five minutes. C. He would rather watch TV than go to bed. D. He is old enough to stay up. 7. A. She has got everything ready. B. She never hesitates over what to take. C. She hates packing by herself. D. She needs more time for packing. 8. A. They should wait for John for a while. B. They should stay here for the night. C. They should start the meeting right away. D. They should call John at once. 9. A. She is unwilling to move into a new flat. B. Her neighbors get along well with her. C. She can t tell the man why she is moving. D. Her neighbors usually play their TV loud. 10. A. Ask for directions. B. Try a different route. C. Go back for the map. D. Cancel their trip. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A political system. B. Religion. C. Working language. D. Race. 12. A. Discuss current issues. B. Join in a writing competition. C. Attend an arts and crafts competition. D. Celebrate their friendship. 13. A. The Commonwealth Games. B. An important holiday. C. The Commonwealth members. D. An international association. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following speech. 14. A. Equipping students with knowledge. B. Qualifying students for certain jobs. C. Developing students habits of mind. D. Helping students to go to graduate school. 15. A. The ability to have critical analysis. B. Creative use of leisure time. C. Logical use of information. D. Willingness to accept uncertainty. 16. A. Goals to reach in a college education. B. Roles of knowledge in students growth. C. Qualifications needed for a job. D. Importance of after-class activities. Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Complaint Form Caller: Mary White Phone No.: 17. Location of Problem: A 18 restaurant, 449 Shanghai Street Details: It dumps its 19 on the street. It doesn t put bottles and cans in 20 bins. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the for m. Write NO MOR E THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. How long does short memory last? It lasts only 21. What is an example of medium-term memory? What is long-term memory concerned with? How is long-term memory different from the others? Buying bread, a sort of 22 of things to do. 23 that happen in your life such as your wedding. It 24. ( 以上听力测试的录音文字和答题解析详见本报网站 ) II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the 2011 年 上外杯 上海市高三英语竞赛时间 ( 一 ) 初赛 : 笔试比赛日期 :2011 年 10 月 16 日 ( 周日 ) 时间 :13 :30 15 :00 ( 二 ) 复赛 : 笔试 ( 含听力 ) 比赛日期 :2011 年 11 月 5 日 ( 周六 ) 时间 :13 :30 15 :00 比赛地点 : 世界外国语中学 ( 虹漕南路 602 号 ) ( 三 ) 决赛 : 笔试 ( 听力 阅读 写作 )+ 口试比赛日期 :2011 年 11 月 19 日 ( 周六全天 ) 比赛地点 : 上海外国语大学 ( 大连西路 558 号 ) one answer that best completes the sentence. 25. Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you the tough years. A. through B. up C. with D. from 26. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered. A. the other B. other C. the others D. another 27. It s no use without taking action. A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained 28. I worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes. A. can t B. mustn t C. daren t D. needn t 29. When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with money. A. so few B. such few C. so little D. such little 30. It doesn t matter if they want to come to your party,? A. doesn t it B. does it C. don t they D. do they 31. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team four days later. A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued 32. The rare fish, from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved 33. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, that he could do nothing to help. A. to realize B. realized C. realizing D. being realized 34. Did you predict that many students up for the dance competition? A. would sign B. signed C. have signed D. had signed 35. There is clear evidence the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. A. what B. if C. how D. that 36. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won t bother to see it, or I ll wait it comes out on DVD. A. whether B. after C. though D. until 37. The police officers in our city work hard the rest of us can live a safe life. A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if 38. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of others actually understand. A. why B. that C. which D. what 39. You ll find taxis waiting at the bus station you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 40. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing but we seem the art of communicating face-to-face. A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost 真人发音模拟高考本期推荐下期预告 听力录音材料可从本报网站 :www.sspost.com.cn < 高考专刊 > 下载 听力音频及练习答案请登录 : www.sspost.com.cn < 高考专刊 > 下载本期听力及答案将于 9 月 15 日更新 执行主编 : 吕腊特约供稿 : 秦惠康 李萍 陈婧怡 徐峰 专题 2011 年上海英语高考试卷选评 ( 一 ) 练听力 关注技能 活用速记 用语法 非谓语 专题问答 析词汇 词性的分类 练完型 完型填空解题步骤 抓阅读 熟悉文体 策略备考 精翻译 翻译中的句型结构 学写作 上海高考英语作文要求 强模拟 高三模拟卷 ( 上海中学 ) 专题 2011 年上海英语高考试卷选评 ( 二 ) 完型填空 主题句作用 ; 语言知识 阅读专项 主旨大意题解析 强模拟 高三模拟卷 ( 七宝中学 ) 主管 主办单位 : 解放日报报业集团出版单位 : 上海学生英文报编辑部国内统一连续出版物号 :CN31-0044 地址 : 都市路 4855 号 2 座 706 室邮编 :201100 订阅热线 : 63501322 本期 4 开 20 版定价 :4 元
2 月新闻回顾社会民生济1. the first democratically elected president 政治经SHANGHAI STUDENTS POST A2 SEPTEMBER, 2012 新闻 NEWS The first democratically elected president of the Maldives was forced to resign on February 7, after the police and army clashed in the streets amid protests over his controversial arrest of a top judge. The resignation marked a stunning fall for President Mohamed Nasheed, a former human rights campaigner. Vice Chairman Xi Jinping wrapped up his five-day U.S. visit in Southern California on February 17. On the last day, Xi watched part of an NBA basketball game, accompanied by U.S. Vice President Joe Biden. After that, he went on to visit Ireland and Turkey respectively during February 19 to 22. Australian Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd made a sudden announcement to resign from his job during a visit to Washington. Rudd s decision came amid the leadership tensions within Australia s Labor Party. He said he made the decision because he no longer felt he has support from Prime Minister Julia Gillard, who also leads the party. Facebook is heading to the stock market. Having applied for an IPO ( 首次公开募股 ), the social media giant is aiming to generate $5 billion. If they succeed, Facebook will be one of the biggest technology-related IPOs of all times. Shares are expected to hit the stock market sometime in May. A severe drought has lingered in southwest China s Yunnan province for three notice that requires universities across the China s Ministry of Education issued a consecutive years. The drought disrupted country to make military training a mandatory part of students course plans. The mili- 科体the lives of 6.3 million people and posed fire risks in the heavily-forested province. 技tary training course should last at least two 育The drought has caused direct economic weeks, according to the ministry. losses of 2.3 billion yuan. More than 650 文 Britain celebrated the 200 娱th birthday thousand hectares of crops have been damaged or destroyed. 化of Charles Dickens on February 7. Prince Charles joined a host of notable figures and China s State Council has issued a plan scores of Dickens descendants at a memorial service in London s Westminster Abbey. to create 45 million jobs over the next four years. The plan aims to keep the registered urban unemployment rate at 5 southern England, where Dickens was born. More events were later held in Portsmouth, percent. Government authorities will work Chinese architect Wang Shu has become to increase job availability, improve the this year s winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, his profession s highest honor. employment structure and further enhance regulations designed to protect workers The prize, often called architecture s Nobel rights and benefits. Prize, was awarded to Wang in recognition The central authorities in China have of his efforts in designing timeless buildings in rapidly growing China, according laid out new health reform targets. Under the new plan, government subsidies in urban areas will go up to 360 yuan per per- to the Hyatt Foundation ( 凯悦基金会 ) that sponsors the prize. son. The new health insurance will cover farmers and unemployed people. That s a China successfully launched a satellite nearly 80 percent increase. into space at 12:12 a.m. Beijing Time on February 25, the 11 th one of its indigenous global China plans to set up a strict law on the management of genetically modified navigation and positioning network known food because of concerns for food safety. as Beidou, or Compass system, the launch The draft requires all genetic modification center said. The satellite, launched from related activities to follow national regulations. The draft forbids using the technol- southwestern Sichuan Province, was boosted the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in the ogy to develop principle grain cultivars ( 品 by a Long March-3C carrier rocket into a 种 ) without approval in advance. It is now geosynchronous orbit ( 地球同步轨道 ). online for public reaction. 乐A2 Australian Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd announced his resignation during his trip to the U.S. on February 22. Legendary U.S. pop singer Whitney Houston was found dead on February 11 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in California. She was 48. The entertainer, whose incredible talent was discovered at an early age, sold more than 170 million albums, singles and videos. But she also struggled with addiction problems over the years. British singer Adele was the big winner at this year s Grammy Awards in Los Angeles, winning six prizes including record, song and album of the year. She also made her live comeback at the ceremony, performing for the first time since having throat surgery last year. Under a newly-reached agreement, China will allow fourteen 3-D and IMAX films into the country each year besides the twenty let in under a previous longstanding annual quota. The 2D versions of the fourteen films will also be exempt from the annual quota. Yang Yimin ( 杨一民 ), former deputy chief of the Chinese Football Association (CFA, 中国足球协会 ) and the Chinese Football Administrative Center ( 中国足球运动管理中心 ), was sentenced to ten-anda half years in prison for taking bribes of 1.25 million yuan. Prosecutions against Nan Yong ( 南勇 ) and Xie Yalong( 谢亚龙 ), two other former top officials involved, are scheduled to take place in March. 新闻词汇词义猜测翻译 首位民主选举当选的总统 2. social media giant 社交媒体巨头 3. posed fire risks 造成火灾威胁 4. the registered urban unemployment rate 登记的城市失业率 5. increase job availability 增加就业机会 6. health reform targets 医疗改革目标 7. government subsidies in urban areas 政府对城市地区的补贴 8. set up a strict law on the management of genetically modified food 建立严格的转基因食品管理法律 9. a memorial service 纪念仪式 ( 活动 ) 10. in recognition of one s efforts 肯定或认可某人的努力 11. global navigation and positioning network 全球导航和定位网络系统 12. struggled with addiction problems 饱受毒瘾折磨, 与毒瘾作斗争 13. under a previous long-standing annual quota 在之前长期的年度配额下 14. taking bribes of 受贿 Choose the best meaning of the words or phrase in bold. 1. The resignation marked a stunning fall for President Mohamed Nasheed, a former human rights campaigner. A. sudden or unexpected B. serious or harmful 2. China s Ministry of Education issued a notice that has required universities across the country to make military training a mandatory part of students course plans. A. required by rule B. voluntary 3. China successfully launched a satellite into space..., the 11 th one of its indigenous global navigation and positioning network known as Beidou. A. native, originating where it was found B. sophisticated or advanced 4. The 2D versions of the fourteen films will also be exempt from the annual quota. A. freed from or not subject to an obligation or liability B. taken into account Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. The first democratically elected president of the Maldives was forced to resign on February 7, after the police and army clashed in the streets amid protests over his controversial arrest of a top judge. 2. Prince Charles joined a host of notable figures and scores of Dickens descendants at a memorial service in London s Westminster Abbey. 3. The prize, often called architecture s Nobel Prize, was awarded to Wang in recognition of his efforts in designing timeless buildings in rapidly growing China, according to the Hyatt Foundation that sponsors the prize. 4. Under a newly-reached agreement, China will allow fourteen 3-D and IMAX films into the country each year besides the twenty let in under a previous long-standing annual quota.
听力 LISTENING SEPTEMBER, 2012 B1 上海高考英语听力题概述 听力录音材料可从本报网站 :www.sspost.com.cn < 高考专刊 > 下载 高考英语上海卷听力部分总分为 30 分, 占总分的 20%, 共分三大题型 本期将介绍各个板块的题型 分值以及主要的考点和难点 高考听力题型概述第一部分 :Section A 为短对话, 共有十题, 以选择题为考核形式 听力材料的内容是生活中的常见情景, 例如 : 数字 地点 天气 交通 时间 人物等, 对话和问题只读一遍 答题指令 如下 : Directions: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 真题分析 以 2012 年高考上海卷听力部分试题为例 1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. C. At a bank. D. At an airport. 听力原文 : W: Hello, may I help you? M: Yes, we would like to check into our room. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 分析本题考核 地点推断 录音中的动词词组 check into our room 是答案线索, 所以答案为 B 2. A. Doctor and patient. B. Shop owner and customer. C. Secretary and boss. D. Receptionist and guest. 听力原文 : M: Good morning, madam, what can I do for you? W: Well, someone at the hotel suggested I come here to buy a coat. Q: What s the probable relationship between the two speakers? 分析本题考核 人物关系 录音中的问话 What can I do for you? 和回答 I come here to buy a coat 提供了答案线索, 所以答案为 B 3. A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. 听力原文 : W: How many children have you got? M: Two. John s five and Clair s four. And there s another one on the way. Q: How many children will the man most probably have? 分析本题考核 数字理解 录音中出现了很多数词, 比如 : two, five, four, 但是所指的意思各不相同 男生回答中的 Two 和最后一句 another one on the way 是答题的重要线索, 所以答案为 B 4. A. She doesn t agree with the man. B. She is good at finding a place to stay. C. She could hardly find the truth. D. She had no travel experience in Britain. 听力原文 : M: I didn t have any trouble in finding accommodation in Britain. W: According to my experience, it sounds too good to be true. Q: what does the woman mean? 分析本题考核 根据事实信息合理推断的能力 从女生说的话 it sounds too good to be true 可以推断出她不 同意男生的说法, 所以答案 A 本题的难点在于对 too to 这一结构的理解 第二部分 : Section B 为短文听力, 要求学生听两篇短文, 并根据提出的问题选择相应的答案 每篇短文对应有三个选择题 短文读两遍, 而问题只读一遍 答题指令 如下 : Directions: In Part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 真题分析 以 2012 年高考上海卷听力部分试题为例 11. A. Use the company s equipment. B. Give orders to robots. C. Make decisions for the company. D. Act as Big Brother. 12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another. C. Employees children are happy. D. Employees enjoy working there. 13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. Honesty. 听力原文 : Well, I own a small data processing company, in which I employ about eight to ten workers. And the point I want to make has to do with trust. I know it s possible to force people to be 100% efficient. But I think when you do that, you lose confidence and trust. I let my employees use our equipment and make personal phone calls. They are more than welcome to decide what is right and wrong. Because I think you can t run a company by just giving orders to robots and watching them like big brother, right? I think you have to trust people and give them a little freedom. And also, as far as phone calls and all that go, I want my people to call home and check on their children and know their children are safe and sound. As a result, I have devoted employees who are willing to go that extra mile and I can honestly say they show up to work smiling. So I get more satisfaction and rewards by trusting my employees than by suspecting them of doing something wrong. Questions: 11. Which of the following does the speaker allow his employees to do? 12. What result does the speaker expect to see under his management? 13. What does the speaker consider important in running a small company? 分析本段录音共有 186 词, 内容是关于 信任员工 的 提问的类型既有 排除选项型 (11 题 ), 又有 细节辨别 (12 题 ), 还有 主旨题 (13 题 ) 所以, 同学们在听力过程中既要注意细节的记录, 根据选项内容记录所需的信息, 又要关注文章的整体意思, 缺一不可 答案分别为 A,D,C 第三部分 :Section C 为长对话, 共两段长对话 每段对话读两遍, 考核形式为将目标信息以关键字的形式填入空格, 完成针对对话内容的整个表格, 两段对话中往往第一段对话所对应的 17 20 题要求学生只能在空格中填入一词, 第二段对话所对应的 21 24 题要求学生每个空格最多只能填三个单词 答题指令 如下 : Directions: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. 真题分析 以 2012 年高考上海卷听力部分试题为例例 5:Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. What was special about the Experiment group? What did the girl learn from the Experiment? How did the host family treat the girl? Why did the girl say language is not always important? The members were from different cities with different 21 and cultures. Different people can be 22. They treated her as 23. Sometimes 24 can say more than words. 听力原文 : A: Welcome to our program, Anny. Please tell our audience the best things about the Experiment in International Living. B: Well, my group was great! And I love my host family. A: Can you tell us about your group? B: Well, we were all high school students from the US. But we were very different. A: You mean from different cities, with different religions and cultures? B: Yes, and I was excited about that. We learnt that we weren t really so different. A: What do you mean? B: Well, we became such good friends. More than friends, we were like a family. A: Wonderful. I d like to know more about your host family. B: Oh, I loved my host family in Costa Rica. They were my family, too. I felt like I was their daughter. A: So nice! Did you have any problems speaking with them? B: No, not really. Actually, I learnt a lot of Spanish from them. And I also learnt that language is not always so important. A: What do you mean? B: Well, in some cases, a simple smile can say more than words. A: Thanks so much, Anny. Complete the form. Write No More Than Three Words for each answer. 分析本对话全文共 193 词, 内容是关于 暑期海外游学经历 的, 非常贴近学生的实际生活 题目中考核的目标词几乎都是录音中的原对话, 所以学生只要捕捉到这些细节信息, 就能解题 答案为 : 21. religions 22. good friends / more than friends / like a family 23. their daughter 24. a simple smile Links 技能点拨 R 利用听录音前的时间快速浏览, 迅速捕捉题干中的信息, 并积极预测录音中可能出现的内容, 这样在听录音时就能有的放矢, 有明确的听录音目标 R 边听边记, 在记录一些关键信息的同时, 遇到简单的 能当场解答的题目时可以当场作答 对于没有把握的题目, 不要急于作答, 应集中精力继续听下去, 以免影响下面的听音效果 R 不要过分注重细节, 将注意力放在对全文的整体理解和把握上 如果没有听懂某个词或某句话也不要慌, 不妨从听懂的内容进行分析或推测, 往往也能解答问题
B2 SEPTEMBER SHANGHAI STUDENTS POST, 2012 悦读 READING FUN Exercises 练一练 I. Listening Comprehension Part A Short Conversations Directions: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. 200. B. 300. C. 400. D. 600. 2. A. In a department store. B. In a movie studio. C. In a publishing house. D. In a research laboratory. 3. A. His classmates. B. His bag. C. His keys. D. His glasses. 4. A. He went to a picture show. B. He watched a football match on TV. C. He painted some pictures. D. He went out to play football. 5. A. Having a meal in a restaurant. B. Checking in at a hotel. C. Booking a ticket at a station. D. Reserving a seat in a cinema. 6. A. She would like to have some coffee. B. She will get up early tomorrow. C. She thinks it too early to have coffee. D. She will have coffee tomorrow. 7. A. Getting everything they need. B. Making a new table. C. Buying a less expensive table. D. Opening a DIY store. 8. A. The room is too small. B. The room is filled with smoke. C. Her health is failing. D. She has to give up smoking. 9. A. Boring. B. Demanding. C. Challenging. D. Exhausting. 10. A. It is his favorite book. B. It is not worth reading. C. It is not the one he likes. D. It is better than he expected. Part B Passages Directions: In Part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They were around the corners. B. They provided full service. C. They were self-service centers. D. They accepted credit cards only. 12. A. At the gas pump. B. At the cashier. C. Inside the station. D. At the bank. 13. A. Because the old one is not in good condition. B. Because the car prices are on the rise. C. Because the gas prices are going up. D. Because it is inconvenient going to work by bus. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report. 14. A. They enter university. B. They travel abroad. C. They coach sports. D. They work for charity. 15. A. China. B. America. C. Germany. D. Australia. 16. A. They can broaden their outlook by travelling. B. Many of them come to China to learn Chinese. C. There are tens of thousands of them every year. D. They keep in touch with friends through the Internet. Part C Longer Conversations Directions: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Size Rent Location Surroundings It s a two-bedroom (17) with a living room. (18)$ a month including gas and electricity. It s about eight blocks from the university (19). It s a little noisy, but convenient because there s a (20) and shopping center across the street. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation Why is the man asking questions? What does the woman use her computer for? What does the woman expect the computer to do? He is doing some (21). She uses it for communication, (22), and (23). She wishes that the computer could (24) for her. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. ( 上接 B4 版 ) 36. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won t bother to see it, or I ll wait it comes out on DVD. A. whether B. after C. though D. until 37. The police officers in our city work hard the rest of us can live a safe life. A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if 38. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of others actually understand. A. why B. that C. which D. what 39. You ll find taxis waiting at the bus station you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 40. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing... but we seem the art of communicating face- to- face. A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost 2012 年上海春季高考英语语法部分 25. A huge amount of money has been spent the new bridge. A. in B. on C. with D. for 26. They don t come to the book club any more, for reasons or other. A. some B. all C. either D. both 27. You bring your identification when you open a bank account. A. may B. can C. must D. will 28. After the accident, we are concerned with the safety of school buses than we used to be. A. little B. less C. much D. more 29. Before I began this job, I a baby sitter for two years. A. have been B. was C. would be D. had been 30. The diamond mine accidentally by a little boy when he was playing hide-and-seek. A. discovered B. was discovered C. has been discovered D. would discover 31. Tom looked upon the test as an obstacle his classmates regarded it as a challenge. A. while B. because C. unless D. if 32. People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced diet their nutritional needs. A. satisfy B. satisfied C. to satisfy D. having satisfied 33. Once, Jo devoted her life to looking after children and being a full-time homemaker. A. having married B. being married C. marrying D. married 34. you take a photo, you should always check the position of the sun. A. Before B. After C. Because D. Though 35. Despite the fact they lacked food, the explorers continued towards the goal. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 36. Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement took courage. A. what B. who C. which D. where 37. a wet football can hurt your foot if you are not careful. A. Kicking B. Kicked C. Having kicked D. Kick 38. It was not until 1920 American women had the chance to vote in national elections. A. when B. that C. where D. which 39. Portable videophones will show us is happening at the other end of the line. A. which B. what C. how D. why 40. Big companies usually have a lot of branch offices in different parts of the world. A. to have operated B. be operated C. operating D. having operated
语法 GRAMMAR SEPTEMBER, 2012 B3 第一讲 高考英语语法考点及复习概说 上海高考英语听力分为三大部分 第一部分 (Section A) 为短对话, 共有十题, 以选择题为考核形式 听力材料的内容是生活中的常见情景, 例如 : 数字, 地点, 天气, 交通, 时间, 人物等, 对话和问题只读一遍 第二部分 (Section B) 为短文听力, 要求学生听两篇短文, 并根据提出的问题选择相应的答案 每篇短文对应有三个选择题 短文读两遍, 而问题只读一遍 第三部分 (Section C) 为长对话, 共两段长对话 每段对话读两遍, 考核形式为将目标信息以关键字的形式填入空格, 完成针对对话内容的整个表格, 两段对话中往往第一段对话所对应的 17 ~ 20 题要求学生只能在空格中填入一词, 第二段对话所对应的 21 ~ 24 题要求学生每个空格最多只能填三个单词 一 高考英语语法考点 重点内容分布 上海市英语高考语法选择题的语法考点涵盖了高中阶段绝大部分的英语语法要点 近三年语法考点及题号分布图如下 : 非谓语动词 从属结构 考点年份 2010 年 2011 年 2102 年 介词 25 25 25 代词 27 26 31 数词 形容词 副词 26 30 29 / 情态动词 29 28 28 时态语态 28 31 31 34 26 30 名词性从句 现在分词 35 33 39 过去分词 33 32 36 动名词 32 27 33 不定式 40 40 27 状语从句 34 39 36 37 32 40 定语从句 38( 兼考介词 ) 39 35 主语 / / 38 表语 36 / / 宾语 37 38 / 同位语 / 35 34 倒装结构 / / 29 反意疑问句 / 30 / 其他 / / 37( 强调 ) 就高考英语语法选择题整体而言, 考点重点在于对动词及动词搭配的考查 主要分布于介词 时态语态和非谓语动词中 ; 对句子结构的把握 主要分布于非谓语动词 从属结构 倒装结构 反意疑问句和主谓一致 ; 以及对语境的正确理解 涵盖了语法选择题的全部考点 同时, 透过正确理解语境 结合语法知识得出结论也是近年来语法选择题越来越明显的出题方向 就各个考点而言, 数词 形容词 副词中对倍数表达以及原级 比较级和最高级的考查居多 ; 情态动词考查中既包括对情态动词本意的考查, 也有对其猜测含义的检测 ; 时态语态近年来则呈现更加丰富的形式进行考查, 往往与其他考点相结合, 比如非谓语动词以及倒装结构等等, 考生往往需要细读句子, 通过对语境的理解来确定时间信息以及动词的主被动语态 ; 对状语从句的考查中必不可少的一项便是通过判定两个分句的意义 关系来确定连词, 需要考生通过句意理解来决定选项 ; 倒装结构的考查中既包括部分倒装也有全部倒装, 部分倒装的考查中既有考查否定词置于句首句子部分倒装的, 也有考查在某些结构中 ( 如 So/Such that) 句子部分倒装的 通过对近三年上海市高考英语语法考点的透视, 考生们可以在全面复习高中英语语法的基础上, 有的放矢地侧重复习语法考点中的重点 难点, 同时加强对语境信息的把握, 增强对语境的解读能力, 从而更加充分地为高考语法选择题做好准备 二 高考英语语法复习侧重及解题指导 1 查漏补缺 全面巩固基本语法知识高考语法题考查学生基本的语法知识和基础, 一些考题的考点可以说是整个英语语法知识中最基础的部分 真题解析 I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he enough for a used one. A. will have saved B. will be saving C. has saved D. saves 解析本题答案为 A, 考查将来完成时的使用 根据将来完成时的时间状语 by + 将来时间可知,by next month 是本句将来完成时的标志性时间状语, 因此选择 A (2012 年上海高考英语第 30 题 ) When he took his gloves off, I noticed that one had his name written inside. A. each B. every C. other D. another (2012 年上海高考英语第 31 题 ) 解析本题答案为 A, 考查代词的使用 根据基本语法知识可知, 当修饰 one 时,every one 之后要加上范围, 即 every one of, 表示数量为三者及三者以上中的每个 ;other 要么修饰复数, 形成 other ones, 要么表示两者中的另一个, 即 the other one 因此, 从基本语法知识可知, 只有 A 和 D 可以用来修饰 one, 分别表示 每个 和 另一个 根据句子意思可知本题应为 每个, 因此选择 A 2 认真记忆 反复强化基本词组搭配虽然高考语法选择题主要是考查学生对于语法规则的掌握, 但语言并非只有枯燥的规则, 而是生动 丰富 多样的 基本词组搭配的识记不仅有助于考生轻松解决考查搭配的题目, 更有助于其词汇量的不断扩大和丰富 而上海英语高考语法选择题中, 有不少对基本词组搭配结构的考查, 其中以动词词组居多 真题解析 As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn t allowed into the sports club. A. going B. to go C. go D. gone (2012 年上海高考英语第 27 题 ) 解析本题答案为 B, 考查非谓语动词中的不定式 相应动词搭配为 :be allowed to do, 表示 被允许去做某事, 所以 B 为正确答案 When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble the right things to say. A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of (2012 年上海高考英语第 33 题 ) 解析本题答案为 A, 考查非谓语动词中的动名词 相应动词搭配为 have trouble (in) doing sth., 表示 做某事有困难, 因此 A 为正确答案 3 仔细分析 正确把握句型以及句子结构正确辨识句型, 解析句子结构, 对于我们正确答题是很有帮助的 加强对句型的辨识有利于我们通过句型结构迅速确定选项 真题解析 Only with the greatest of luck to escape from the rising flood waters. A. managed she B. she managed C. did she manage D. she did manage (2012 年上海高考英语第 29 题 ) 解析本题答案为 C, 考查不完全倒装的用法 根据不完全倒装的句型 Only( 句首 )+ 状语 + 半倒装可知, 本题应选择 C Was it by cutting down staff she saved the firm? No, it was by improving work efficiency. A. when B. what C. how D. that (2012 年上海高考英语第 37 题 ) 解析本题答案为 D, 考查强调句结构的使用 根据对话中的提问和回答可知, 对话中的提问是一个强调结构的一般疑问式 根据强调结构 it is / was + 强调部分 +that+ 余下部分, 且强调部分 + 余下部分为一个完整独立的句子可知, 本题应选择 D 仔细分析句子结构能帮助我们理清句子脉络, 从而确定选项 真题解析 Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from you received gifts? A. which B. them C. that D. whom (2012 年上海高考英语第 35 题 ) 解析本题答案为 D, 考查定语从句的运用 根据句子结构可知,from gifts 是 relatives 的定语 根据定语从句中介词 + 关系代词的规则可知, 先行词为人时用 whom 作介词之后的关系代词 因此本题选择 D The club, 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded (2012 年上海高考英语第 36 题 ) 解析本题答案为 A, 考查非谓语动词中的过去分词的使用 根据句子结构可知, 25 years ago 是 the club 的后置定语, 而动词 found( 建立 ) 和 club 之间形成动宾关系, 因此过去分词 founded 在这里作 the club 的后置定语, 由一个非限定性定语从句 which was founded 25 years ago 简化而来 所以本题选择 A We ve only got this small bookcase. Will that do? No, I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. A. who B. that C. what D. which (2012 年上海高考英语第 38 题 ) 解析本题答案为 C, 考查名词性从句中主语从句连接词的使用 根据题干的句子结构可知, I am looking for 充当句子的主语, 因此为一个主语从句 而主语从句的连接词同时还应该是该主语从句 for 之后的介词宾语, 所以该连接词应为一个疑问代词 根据句子内容可知, 我 正在寻找的是比书架还要更大更强的物品, 因此本题选择 C Genius is a complicated concept, many different factors. A. involved B. involving C. to involve D. being involved (2012 年上海高考英语第 39 题 ) 解析本题答案为 B, 考查非谓语动词中现在分词的使用 根据句子结构可知,involving 在句中充当伴随状语 且由于其和 many different factors 形成动宾关系, 因此为现在分词 因此本题选择 B
B4 SEPTEMBER SHANGHAI STUDENTS POST, 2012 语法 GRAMMAR 4 全面考虑 正确理解语境信息近年来, 语法选择题淡化了对所谓 纯 语法的考查, 而是在语境中对语法进行考查, 提供充分的语境信息, 这就增加了考试的难度 因此, 考生必须具有综合运用语言的能力 答题时我们必须充分理解语境, 找出关键信息, 在特定的语境下结合语法知识来选择正确答案 真题解析 passion, people won t have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking. A. For B. Without C. Beneath D. By (2012 年上海高考英语第 25 题 ) 解析本题答案为 B, 考查介词的使用 根据题干信息可知, 本句的意义为 : 没有激情, 人们就不会有创造性思考所必须的动力和快乐 因此本题选择 B Is honesty the best policy? We that it is when we are little. A. will teach B. teach C. are taught D. will be taught (2012 年上海高考英语第 26 题 ) 解析本题答案为 C, 考查时态被动语态的使用 本题关键在于读懂题干中的 it is 的完整意义为 honesty is the best policy 其中 it 指代前面所提到的 honesty,is 之后的内容由于重复而省略 因此后一句的意思是 : 我们被教导, 在我们小的时候的确诚实是上策 根据句子意义, 这里应该填入 teach 的被动形式, 又由于本句所讲述的是一般 普遍的情况, 因此选择一般现在时 所以本题选择 C The new law states that people drive after drinking alcohol. A. wouldn t B. needn t C. won t D. mustn t (2012 年上海高考英语第 28 题 ) 解析本题答案为 D, 考查情态动词的使用 根据情态动词的意义可知,mustn t 表示 禁止, 往往表示在法律 法规 规定 守则内所规定的不允许 由于在题干的主句中有 the new law states that, 因此本题选择 D I have a tight budget for the trip, so I m not going to f ly the airlines lower ticket prices. A. once B. if C. after D. unles (2012 年上海高考英语第 32 题 ) 解析本题答案为 D, 考查状语从句连词的使用 根据题干可知, 我 旅行的费用不是很充足 (have a tight budget), 因此可知除非飞机票价格低, 不然 我 是不会坐飞机的, 因此选择 D The map is one of the best tools a man has he goes to a new place. A. whenever B. whatever C. wherever D. however (2012 年上海高考英语第 40 题 ) 解析本题答案为 A, 考查状语从句连词的使用 本句意义为 : 无论何时他到达一个陌生的地方, 他所拥有的最好的工具就是地图 通过题干阅读, 学生能很快明白这句话的意思为 无论到哪里, 一个人最好的工具就是地图, 因此受到中文思维的干扰, 容易选择 C 但是在 he goes to a new place 里面, 已经有了地点状语 to a new place, 不再需要另外一个地点状语 (wherever), 而 whenever 则修 Exercises 练一练 2010 年上海英语高考语法部分 25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. A. between B. along C. below D. with 26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey. A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours 27. If our parents do everything for us children, we won t learn to depend on. A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves 28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had 29. Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn t finish the assignment yesterday. Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn t C. should D. shouldn t 30. In ancient times, people rarely traveled long distances and most farmers only traveled the local market. A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as 31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored 32. I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding 33. Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 34. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem 35. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 36. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. that B. how C. what D. why 37. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know. A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering 38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 39. our manager objects to Tom s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After 40. That is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. r e - duced D. reduce 2011 年上海春季高考英语语法部分 25.Soon after dinner, Wayne drove off the direction of Paris. A.to B.at C.for D.in 26.They produced two reports, of which contained any useful suggestions. A.either B.all C.none D.neither 27.Some young people these days just go out of their homes to contact the real world. A.mustn t B.won t C.mightn t D.shouldn t 28.You d be exposed to a lot pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air. A.more B.most C.less D.least 29.I m sure you will do better in the test because you so hard this year. A.studied B.had studied C.will study D.have been studying 30.The banker was found in a remote village after his office last Thursday. A.leave B.being left C.leaving D.having been left 31.I have no idea the journalist could have got his information from. A.that B.why C.why D.where 32.A lot of people often forget that oral exams to test our communicative ability. A.design B.are designed C.are designing D.are being designed 33.Viewers continue to watch TV they complain about the quality of the programming. A.even though B.as if C.as long as D.unless 34.Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished. A.looked B.to look C.looking D.to be looking 35.There are fewer teaching positions left in big cities, at the same time there are shortages of teachers in small towns. A.or B.and C.so D.for 36. in 1955, Disneyland in California in regarded by any as the original fun park. A.Opened B.Having opened C.Opening D.Being opened 37.Faye s fondest memory is of last year, the club gave a tea party for her birthday. A.that B.which C.where D.when 38.The result of the study indicated that it was the type of fat made the difference. A.that B.what C.who D.as 39. comes will be welcomed to the open-air concert. A.Whatever B.Whoever C.No matter what D.No matter who 40.Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before. A.to work B.to be working C.to have worked 2011 年上海高考英语语法部分 D.to have been working 25. Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you the tough yeas. A. through B. up C. with D. from 26. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered. A. the other B. other C. the others D. another 27. It s no use without taking action. A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained 28. I worry about my weekend --- I always have my plans ready before it comes. A. can t B. mustn t C. daren t D. needn t 29. When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with money. A. so few B. such few C. so little D. such little 30. It doesn t matter if they want to come to your party,? A. doesn t it B. does it C. don t they D. do they 31. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team four days later. A. rescued B. was rescued C. h a s rescued D. had been rescued 32. The rare fish, from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved 33. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, tha the could do nothing to help. A. to realize B. realized C. realizing D. being realized 34. Did you predict that many students up for the dance competition? A. would sign B. signed C. have signed D. had signed 35. There is clear evidence the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. A. what B. if C. how D. that ( 下转 B2 版 )
词汇 VOCABULARY SEPTEMBER, 2012 B5 根据 普通高中英语课程标准 的要求, 高中学生要达到英语学科的七级目标要求 ( 即毕业要求 ), 必须学会使用 2400 2500 个单词和 300 400 个习惯用语或固定搭配 八级目标要求学生会使用 3500 4000 个左右的单词和 400 500 个习惯用语或固定搭配 九级目标要求学生会使用 4500 个左右的单词和一定数量的习惯用语或固定搭配 我国 高中英语标准 较过去的教学大纲增加了近 1000 多个单词, 显然, 新课标对学习词汇的要求更高了 词汇这一考试题型, 也就是我们俗称的 10 选 9, 即根据语篇需要, 从给出的 10 个单词中选出 9 个, 逐一填入语篇空格中 这一新题型和以前在单一句子中考核词汇含义有所不同, 它更重视在语篇的阅读理解中测试学生的词汇能力, 同时也要求学生能够准确地辨识出目标词汇的词性, 并填入句子中充当正确的成分, 完成句子的意思 词性的分类 英语中的单词可以根据词义 句法作用和形式特征分为十大词类 : 词类英语名称作用例词 名词 Noun( 缩写为 n.) 表示人或事物的名称 代词 Pronoun (pron.) 用来代替名词 形容词或数词等 数词 Numeral (num.) 表示数量或顺序 形容词 副词 冠词 Adjective(adj.) Adverb(adv.) Article (art.) 用来修饰名词, 表示人或事物的特性 性质 用来修饰动词 形容词或其他副词, 表示动作或形状的特性 用在名词前, 帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 动词 Verb (v.) 表示人或事物的动作或状态 介词 Preposition (prep.) 用在名词 代词等前面, 说明句子中词与词之间的关系 连词 Conjunction (conj.) 用来连接词 短语或句子 感叹词 Interjection (interj.) 表示说话时的感情或口气 party 政党 China 中国 He 他 that 那 one 一 first 第一 safe 安全 great 伟大 hard 艰苦 here 这里 an,a,the eat 吃 have 有 under 在... 下 in 在... 里 and 和 but 但是 Hello 喂 why 呃, 嘿 特别要注意的是 : 在高考 10 选 9 的题型中, 一般出现的是名词 动词 形容词和副词, 其它词性在该题型的考查中基本不出现 不同词性的单词在句子中往往充当不同的成分 真题解析 上海英语高考 2012 年词汇考题 第一讲高中英语词汇总体要求 A. maintained B. serious C. indications D. figures E. anxious F. concern G. crisis H. decided I. available J. reversed Filmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency. Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41, the nutrition inspectors said. Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country s overweight 42. There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us, he said. Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be Exercises 练一练 increasingly big packs on sale. He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manager, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus. A trial scheme ( 试行方案 ) with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realized the number of calories in a product. A consultation ( 征询意见 ) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls. Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not 48, this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases. 快速答题步骤 首先, 将所给的单词按照词性归类 动词 :maintained, decided ; 形容词 :serious, anxious, available ; 名词 :indications, figures, crisis ; 还有两个多词性的单词 :concern 可作名词和动词,reversed 可作形容词和动词 ( 过去式或过去分词 ) 接着, 预测每个空格可能填入的单词的词性 可能填入动词的空格有 :44 ( 从不定式符号 to 判断 ),48( 从被动语态结构 are not 判断 ); 可能填入形容词的空格有 :41 ( 从 sth. be made +adj. 结构判断 ),46( 从系动词 is 判断 ),49( 从 at risk of 结构判断,risk 是名词, 前面用形容词修饰 ) 可能填入名词的空格有 :42( 从句子成分判断, 填入词应作宾语 )43( 不定冠词 a 后面接名词 ),45( 从句子成分判断, 该句子缺主语 ),47( 从句子成分判断, 该句子缺主语 ) 然后, 将所给单词的词性归类结果与可能填入的单词词性的预测结果对应起来 三个可能填入形容词的空格 41,46,49 vs. 三个形容词 serious, anxious, available 四个可能填入名词的空格 42,43,45,47 vs. 四个形容词 indications, figures, crisis ( 此时可以判断 concern 在文中作名词 ) 两个可能填入动词的空格 44,48 vs. 两个动词 maintained, decided reversed 的词性仍然待定, 需根据上下文语境的需要来判断 最后, 阅读全文, 根据文章的内容和上下文的意思来将单词一一填入空格 答案依次为 :I, G, F, H, C, E, D, J, B 此时, 可以判断 reversed 在文中用于被动语态, 为过去分词 Links 名师点拨 R 词汇复习是高考英语复习的一个重要环节 根据高考对词汇测试的要求, 有些同学原来裸背单词的做法越来越不可取了, 更科学有效的做法是在复习时总结归纳词汇的音 形 义 用四方面, 扩大词汇学习的深度和广度 所谓深度和广度, 是指归纳同义词 近义词的异同 ; 尽可能掌握常用词的各种用法 搭配和意义, 特别是那些用法和词义繁多 搭配能力强的常用基本词汇 除音 形 义外, 还要掌握它们的适用条件 语法特点以及与其他相关知识的联系, 尽可能争取训练到位 熟练运用 在复习过程中, 要做到 : 1. 归纳中学课本中常用和常考词汇的基本用法 语法特点 适用条件以及相关知识点的异同比较, 特别是一些使用频率较高的动词 ; 2. 对有共同用法特点的词汇进行归纳, 形成知识链 ; 3. 归纳同义词和反义词, 利用知识迁移的方法进行联想复习, 可以扩大词汇量, 比如复习 be tired of 时, 可以联系 be bored with, be fed up with 等词组进行复习 ; 4. 归纳复习之后, 再配上高考考点及对应练习, 提高实际运用能力 I. Direction: Identify the words with more than one meaning or the part of speech in each sentence and then tell their meanings in the context.. 1. Eastman Kodak Co., the 131-year-old photography pioneer, filed for bankruptcy after consumers embraced digital photography, which Kodak invented but failed to commercialize. 2. Extremely cold weather sweeping across Europe has claimed over 450 lives, brought widespread disruption to transport services, and left thousands without power with warnings that low temperatures will continue. 3. Queen Elizabeth II said in a message to mark the occasion that she and her husband, Prince Philip, have been deeply moved to receive so many kind messages about her Diamond Jubilee. 4. Whitney Houston ruled as pop music s queen until her majestic voice was ravaged by drug use. 5. Chinese filmmakers must improve the quality of their films to compete with their American rivals as more Hollywood blockbusters will be shown in China under a newly-reached agreement, insiders of China s film industry suggested. 6. Yang Yimin, former deputy chief of the Chinese Football Association and the Chinese Football Administrative Center, was sentenced to 10 and a half years in prison after taking bribes of 1.25 million yuan. 7. The World Bank is the leading provider of development aid to poorer countries and its president is one of the world s top policymakers. 8. J.K. Rowling, whose Harry Potter book series became a global phenomenon, is now penning her first novel for adults. 9. Chinese architect Wang Shu was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize, his profession s highest honor, in recognition of his efforts in designing timeless buildings in the rapidly growing China, according to the Hyatt Foundation that sponsors the prize. II. Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. enhancement B. limit C. perfection D. tempt E. campaign F. convince G. claim H. challenges I. featured J. lowers They re everywhere on posters, on billboards, on television, on buses... What am I talking about? Beautiful models with perfect faces, perfect skin, perfect teeth, perfect bodies perfect everything! Some say it s all a little too good to be true. What do all of these models have in common, other than their over-the-top 1? Why, they re trying to sell you something, of course! Whether it s makeup, skin cream, shampoo, toothpaste, or vitamins, they ( 下转 B13 版 )
B6 SEPTEMBER SHANGHAI STUDENTS POST, 2012 完型填空 CLOZE 完形填空测试概述 完形填空主要测试语言知识 阅读能力和总体语言水平 要求学生能够在有信息空缺的前提下理解整篇文章, 通过上下文判断, 选择适当的单词或词组填入空格, 使之成为上下合乎逻辑 语言通顺 意义连贯的文章 答题时可以从语篇意思和语言结构两方面着手选择正确答案 完形填空空格的类形在高考中常见的有以下两类 : 1 词汇性空格包括名词 动词 副词 形容词等, 根据上下文要求选择恰当的单词, 或词汇的搭配 解决这类问题时, 要准确理解上下文, 要看清句子结构 如果四个选项含义比较接近, 应着重在整体理解语篇的基础上从辨别词义的角度选择正确答案 2 篇章性空格这类空格主要考查学生对上下文整体理解的能力 当上下文信息偏差较大 或是信息距离较远时, 一定要抓住文章的主旨大意, 理解句与句之间的关系, 上下联系推断出正确的选项 这种情况下四个选项具有不同的含义, 则应根据上下文, 从句子 段落意义的角度选择正确答案 要提高完形填空的准确率, 要设法做到以下三点 : 1 通读全文在拿到文章后, 不要急于进行选择, 而是先通读全文, 尽量抓住全文的主题, 对文章的结构 全文的内容 作者的想法作大致的了解 这样, 答题时不至于偏离大方向, 同时也能较好地做到先后联想, 上下呼应, 尽量避免前后自相矛盾 2 预设答案在通读全文了解文章大意之后, 就要开始选择了 遇到空格时, 不妨先预设自己心目中的答案, 然后再去看选项, 如果四个选项中有你所想的, 一般偏差就会比较小 ; 如果没有, 再根据上下文的信息进行选择 这样不仅减少了反复阅读某个句子的次数, 提高了答题速度, 同时还提高了准确率 3 重新检查做完整篇练习后, 还需从头至尾再检查一遍, 因为在理解文章的细节 句子和段落与理解整篇文章可能会有偏差, 所以在最后检查时, 连贯地阅读一遍, 可能会发现一些原来没有发现的问题 以 2012 年秋季高考完形填空试题为例分析 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50, subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble ( 绊脚 ) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings, two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 55 assistance. In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56, in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57, but had apparently been lost. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. The degree of 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words. Whether a person receives help depends in part on the worth of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone 62 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk. 50. A. study B. way C. word D. college 51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back 52. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive 53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing 54. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing 55. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept 56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example 57. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed 58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working 59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down 60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact 61. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange 62. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances 63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health 64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick 真题解析 50. 本段第一句描述了一个研究的结果, 根据下面 another 一词, 可以推断出下文在叙述另一个研究, 所以答案为 A. 51. 根据下文中的句子 if his face was spotless, 可以推断出此处答案为 C 52. 根据本段段尾句 we are more willing to help people we like for some reason, 可以得知 人们愿意帮助自己所喜欢的人 文中 spotless 和 unattractive 两个词表明 那些脸上没有胎记的人更容易获得帮助, 因此答案为 D 53. 此空格所在的为段落总结句 : 在 理解 上文两个举例的基础上, 能得出下文阐述的结论, 所以答案为 C 54. 第三段中 also important 暗示此处答案为 A 55. 本题考核在语境中理解词汇, 根据上下文此处答案为 B,deserve( 值得 ) 56. 本段第一句是段落中心句, 阐明某一观点 紧接着下文通过举例进一步阐述观点, 所以答案为 D 57. 根据本段倒数第二句 whether the individual actually mailed it or not 可知, 这项调查的内容是把一张已经填好的大学申请表放在机场电话亭里, 然后观察发现此表的人是否会替照片上的人寄出申请表, 所以答案为 B 58. 此空格填入的词应与后面的 less attractive 意思相反, 形成对比, 所以答案为 B 59. 此题考查为动词词组含义的辨析 根据上下文的意思, 答案为 A 60. 根据下文中的 people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner 可以推断出, 施助者与受助者之间的相似度也很重要, 所以答案为 A 61. 此空格填入的词应与 offensive 意思相反, 所以答案为 B 62. 根据上下文的意思, 当 超市购买东西缺钱时, 人们更愿意给钱给买牛奶的人, 所以答案为 C 63. 根据上下文的意思, 人们更愿意给钱给那些买牛奶的人, 可能是因为他们认为牛奶对人的 健康 更加重要 本段第一句话中的 worth 一词是一个重要的提示词 答案为 D 64. 此空格填入的词与 drunk 一词对应, 根据上文中提供的研究结果, 人们不乐意去搀扶喝醉酒的人, 而更愿意去搀扶生病的人, 所以答案为 D Exercises 练一练 热身练习 Ex. 1 Swiss tourists were commended for being quiet and 1, unlike the Britons who were judged to be the fifth worst tourists because of rude behavior, noise and a miserly attitude to tipping. A. luxurious B. aggressive C. considerate D. noisy Ex. 2 Your have more control over your time. In most cases, you can arrange your own work time. This 1 means that it will be easier for you to allocate time for other things in your life. A. radioactivity B. responsibility C. personality D. flexibility Ex. 3 A habit is any action that we have performed so often that it becomes almost an involuntary response. If we consider this habit to be 1 then we may label it a bad habit. People spend countless hours and dollars each year attempting to break these bad habits; 2, they often do not have any success. Why? Because there is no magic bullet. Change is 3 work and there is no short cut to achieving it. The steps a person needs to 4 can be very simply outlined. To effect a change in habits, one needs to bring the action back into the realm ( 领域, 范围 ) of consciousness and regain the ability to make choices. 1. A. rewarding B. undesirable C. beneficial D. distinguished 2. A. however B. moreover C. furthermore D. nevertheless 3. A. awarding B. unacceptable C. hard D. achievable 4. A. make B. perform C. settle D. take 解题思路 Ex. 1 解答 : 句中呈现的逻辑关系可以帮助我们找到答题线索 通过后半句 unlike the Britons who were judged to be the fifth worst tourists because of rude behavior, noise and a miserly attitude to tipping, 我们可以推断出选项答案是 C Ex. 2 解答 : 语言的重复提供了答题线索, 同时本题也对考生的词汇量进行考核 句中的 you can arrange your own