20 7 : 1994 ( 86 ), 1997 5 ( Social Text) 55,,,,,,, 11? 1989, :, :, 20 10, 1990 :, 1989 1970,,, ( ) 1980 :, ;,
8 20,,,,, 1990,, 1989, ;, 1970 1990,,, 1989, 1980,, :, 1990, 1989 1980,,,, ;,, 1992,,, 1980,, 1980,,, 1980, 1990, 1980,,,, / /, ( ) ;, 1980,
20 9,,,, 1989, 1990 ( ), ; ;,,,, :, ;, (,, ) ;, ( ),,,?,,,, / / / /, ( ),, :? ( ), ( :,?), 21,,,,
10 20,, ;,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, :,,,, ; ;,
20 11, ( ), 1978, : (1) ; (2),,,, ;,,,,,,, 1978 1985, 1985 1989 1991 1978 1993,,,, ( ),, ( ),,,, 1978,, :, 1978, ; 1844
12 20,, ;,, 31 80, ;,,, 80,,, 1980, ( ),,,,, 1980 ( 1989 ),, 1990 gλυ,,,,, 1989,, 1980, ( ) : ( )
20 /, 1980, /,,,, :,,,,,,, ( ), :,,,,, 13, ( ) gλϖ ; ( ),,,,, ( ) gλω;,,,, gλξ ;, ( ),,, 18 19 gλψ, ( ),,, gλζ
14 20,,, 1980,, :, 80,, 1989,, ;, ( ) ( ) gλ{, :, 1980,, 1990, :,,?,,, ;,, ; ;,,,, gλ 1993 1995,, :,?
20,??,??,,??,,,,,,,,,, gλ},,,,, ( ),, gλ,, ;,, gµυ,,,, :? ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15
16 20 ( ),, 1980,, 1980 :,, gµϖ, ( ),,,,?,,,, 1994,,, : 1980,, 1989? :,,,,,,, ;,
20 17, ( ), ( ),, /, ( ),, 21 gµω gµξ,,, :,,, gµψ,, 1990,, ;, : ( ),,,, /, :, ; /
18 20,, John Roemer Adam Prze2, worski,,?,,,,,, :,,,, 18,,,,,,, /,,,,, gµζ,,,,,,, 1990,,,,,, gµ{,,,,
20,,, 1990,,,,,,,,,, gµ,,,,,,,? /,, :,,,, ( ), gµ},, 19??,, /,,,,,,,, /, gµ,?,,,?,???,,,, 1989, ( ) gνυ, ( ) gνϖ ( ) gνω ( ) gνξ
20 20, ( ) ) gνψ ( gνζ, :,, ;, ( ),,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1990,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, /,,,,, gν{,,, ;, ;,,,, ;
20 21, : 41 21 : 20,, 21 : 21 ; ; ; (Samuel P. Huntington) :, (,,?),,, ; ;, 21?,????,?,?,?,, 19 20 ( ),,,,,,,,,,
22 20,,,, 21,,,,,,,, (1500 1800),, ( ) ; (1800 1945),, ( ) ;, ;,, gν,,,,, (, ),, ; :,,, / /,, ( : : 100732)