SOCIOLOGY OF ETHNICITY 8,9 1997 9-10 Association of Sociology of Ethnicity, Sociology Society of China Institute of Sociology and Anthropology, Peking University
1993 1926 11/12 1995 26 1996 2
18 self-assertion WASP - WASP WASP Hispanics 50 3
40 K PC political correctness, Nigger Negro black African Americans chairman chairperson PC ethnically and racially 2050 23% 16% 10% 2050 4
The Disuniting of America 2050 E PLURIBUS UNUM 1993 6 desperate 1/5 10 1 1 Samuel H. Huntington: The West Unique, Not Universal, Foreign Affairs November/December,1996. 5
PC 50 self-fulfilling expectation 20 21 1997 6
80 7
84 8
9
- - - - 1997-10
10 1994 1993 19.7% 24 70 90 11
1.5 12
1997 10 1997 10 16 18 56 8% 64% 1990 1980. 936.3 6 1-13
17 1000 80% 1720-1820 1000 40 1993 235 19 1840 1860 100 43 35 19 1901 1910 100 28 27 20 1977 4-5 50 50% 6% 70 20% 33% 1965 20 1.7 11.4 70 16 4 1981 24.4 2.6 6.7 1988 167-169 1982-1985 17.7 10.1 6.4 2.2 1995 74 2 20 10 900 50% 10 700 40% 30 10 52.8 50 200 9% 60 250 70 450 19% 1988 129 1970 1000 5% 1980 1400 6% 3 i ii iii 3 1953 70 100 1978 13.3 66% 1980 20.7 1980 28% 4 14
80-90% 1 1980 66% 60% 42% 34% 30% 1988 131 1 5 1980 150-400 1988 139 8-10 1. % % % 12 13 6 15 17 2.5 20 14.5 2 43 8 12 1988 131-132 6 1980 50 10% 5 15.1% 14.2% 13.6% 10.9% 10.3% 5 11 30% 200 4 50 1988 135-138. - 15
15% 13% 12% 1980 85% 1980 1.88 2700 700 1790 19% 92% 1930 9.7% 1960 10.5% 50 1983 2820 12% 2000 3600 2050 5200 30900 17% 1988 182 2 1980 84.6% 12..2% 1 1.5% 0.9% 140 80 2% 1980 5000 2300 1988 146-147 1963 21 1964 80 marrying up 2. 1980 % 1.88 84.6 206.2 33.5 2700 12.2 140.0 26.2 700 3.2 80.6 16.7 77.5 4.2 70.1 4.2 2.22 100.0 36.2-3.2 1988 142 1 1985 107.8 1990 150 1991 381 16
. 1975 Ethnicity ethnic stratification social stratification 1990 301 1985 Simpson and Yinger Racial and Cultural Minorities: An Analysis of Prejudice and Discrimination 11% 1. 1920 92.5 1940 1 70 1978 5.7 80 1 70 1970-1976 6 90 50 1 17
1982 6 4% Simpson and Yinger 1985 171-172 20 1964 commuters 280 1 Simpson and Yinger 1985 195 1962 10 1970 27 1976 50 2. 1960 10 1980 9 Black Urbanization 1982 99% 1940 1960 1985 Simpson and Yinger 1985 187 1 52 2.3% Simpson and Yinger 1985 194 18
1950 1970 1 9 13.3-39.6% Simpson and Yinger 1985 194 3. 1930 58.5% 67% 80 1940 25 3 80 1992 92 1965 80% 90-100% 65% 65-100% 1964 1965 1988 567 1979 25 34.9% 4 38.6% 4 Simpson and Yinger 1985 342 1980 4 5 2 1 4. 1981 16 72% 61% Simpson and Yinger 1985 173 3 1970 10 55.2% 73.2% 49.5% 16 19
1980 78.3% 1960 83% 1980 70.8% 1960 1980 36.5% 51.3% 48.2% 53.4% Simpson and Yinger 1985 175 1982 16 20.1% 16-19 48.9% 16 8.8% 16-19 21.7% 45% 3. 1970 10 83.7 51.0 79.3 49.4 79.0 55.2 77.9 48.5 77.4 36.4 75.5 41.5 75.5 35.3 73.2 49.5 69.8 47.5 63.4 31.6 * 73.8 38.9 Sullivan, 1978 167 * 5. 60 70 Simpson and Yinger 1985 178 1970 2.8% 14.4% 11-12% 1970 1.1% 4 1978 50% 36.6% 1980 27.5% 20-21% 11.5% 1870-1930 40.9-58% 7.9-24% 20
1970 7.1% 1870 36.9% 1900 3.1% 1970 0.2% 1870 2.1% 1970 34.6% 1870 0.7% 1970 21.2% 1870 8.2% 1970 17.3% King and Locke, 1980: 19 50 4. 1978 1980 16 1978 % 27.5 36.6 50.0 1. 5.6 10.9 15.1 2. 5.4 4.5 10.7 3. 3.0 2.7 6.3 4. 13.5 18.5 17.9 % 49.9 37.2 33.4 1. 14.6 9.7 13.1 2. 21.0 20.1 11.5 3. 4.5-3.8 4. 9.8 7.4 5.0 % 16.5 24.4 13.6 % 6.1 1.7 3.0 % 100.0 100.0 100.0 266.5-9437.3 Simpson and Yinger 1985 189 1992 92 6. 1959 1 5837 10885 1.86 1975 8779 14268 1.63 Simpson and Yinger 1985 182 1980 12764 21094 1.65 1988 186 5 1959 3811 1976 9546 1970 5879 1976 7291 1970 4088 7566 6832 10474 5. 1 21
1959 1970 1975 1976 10885 14268 5837 8779 8200 6822 3811 6002 9546 5879 7291 7566 4088 Simpson and Yinger 1985 189-190 198 6. 1970 100 172 132 107 112 112 99 115 94-107 76 103 63 62 100 60 1992 5 6 100 4 3 1978 6662 6.9% 27.5% 20.4% Simpson and Yinger 1985 199 90 1994 15141 21027 1994 30.6% 11.7% 1995 10 6 3 1988 181 1981 50% 7% 19% 22
1981 10% 23.3% 1988 185 1995 49% 32% 12% 3% 20-29 1995 10 19 20-40% 1986 91 30 1991 70 90. Milton M. Gordon 1964 Assimilation in American Life 1 Anglo-conformity Melting-pot Cultural Pluralism 1. 13 1 Race Relations the Anisfield-Wolf Award the National Conference of Christians and Jews the Brotherhood Award 23
Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon 1909 Anglo-Saxon Gordon A+B+C+ =A A Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon 2. 50-60 1 1918 The Melting Pot Melting-pot Gordon A+B+C+ =E A B C E American Melting-pot Turner 1893 Melting Pot 3. 1 24
Chinatown a sub-cultural group 1961 West Side Story the Melting Pot does not always work Beyond the Melting Pot Glazer and Moynihan 1970 1915 Horace Kallen Gordon 1964 142 Kallen 1924 Cultural Pluralism creation comes from the impact of diversities Gordon 1964 147 Gordon A+B+C+ =E A +E B +E C + 1964 Gordon 25
- 1991 6-7 Alejandro Portes Porters 1980 1995. 1776 1803 9 1819 1845 1846 3 1848 3 1867 1898 1899 1904 Burner 1982 155 100 3 1. 1865 K 1871 K K 1957 26
1958 1988 543 1992 55-58 1957 11 1962 173 3.2% 1965 34 1032 3952 4 1988 565-566 1960 1963 1968 100 1967 1988 571 1995 40 2. 1860 1980 140 1860 100 1988 141 1992 80 30 80 1988 1993 18 100 60 27
1994 8 7 3. 1851 2.5 1870 6.3 73% 1991 38 1882 1854 1874 1871 20 1993 178-179 1920 50% 1993 181 1890 107488 1920 61639 1987 243 1943 105 1945 11.8 1965 17 12 1976 2 1987 259 1860 20 1 1890 27 1 1940 1933 9% 1% 1993 187 18 10 90% 1913 1941 12 10 4 30 28
1980 70 80 80 4. 1854-1930 200 170 180 Simpson and Yinger 1985 186 5. 4 29
1 6. 50% 1991 1995 * * * * * * * 1994 15 1994 10 28 1991 1987 1990 (Ian Robertson, 1981, Sociology, New York: Worth Publishers, Inc.) 1988 John Hope Franklin, 1980, From Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans (fifth edition), New York: Alfred A. Knopf) A 1992 Dennis Gilbert and Joseph A. Karl, 1987, The American Class Structure, Chicago: The Dorsey Press 1922 36 628-634 1987 Bryant Bobey, 1985, The American People, New York: Truman Talley Books 1 1922 628 30
1977 Andre Maurois, 1964, A History of the USA, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1986 Frank R. Scarpitti, 1974, Social Problems, Holt: Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1993 Thomas Sowell, 1981, Ethnic America: A History, New York: Basic Books Inc. 1991 19992 1991 1991 7 2-7 1995 Min Zhou, 1992, Chinatown: The Socioeconomic Potential of Urban Enclave, Philadelphia: Temple University Press Burner, David and et al, 1982, An American Portrait, New Jersey: Revisionary Press. Glazer, N and D.P. Moynihan, 1970, Beyond the Melting Pot (second edition), Cambridge: The M.I.T. Press). Glazer, N and D.P. Moynihan, eds. 1975, Ethnicity, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Gordon, M. M. 1964, Assimilation in American Life, New York: Oxford University Press. King, H. and F. B. Locke, 1980, Chinese in the U.S.: A Century of Occupational Transition, International Migration Review 14(1): 15-41. Simpson, G. E and J. M. Yinger, 1985, Racial and Cultural Minorities: An Analysis of Prejudice and Discrimination (fifth edition), New York: Plenum Press. Sullivan, T. A., 1978, Racial-ethnic Differences in Labor Force Participation, F. Dean and W. Frisbie, eds. The Demography of Racial and Ethnic Groups, New York: Academic Press. pp. 165-188. Haitung King Frances B. Locke 1850 1880 31
1924 1943 100 1965 1924 1965 18000 100 70 sub-economy 1849 1930 0% 1930 47% 50% 1870 1.7% 1930 30.8% 1970 34.6%, 1930 1930 47% 1970 7% 2.3% 47% 35% 1970 21% 4 1960 3.7% 1970 5.2% 1930 1960 38% 32
10 1970 34. 6%, 1970 21% 1960 10% 9% 2 1940 1970 7 1960 1970 49% 154% 1970 1940 1930 83% 51% 28% 24% 33% 12% 60 Li 1978 Li 1978 1949 10 33
Yuan 1960 1-3 4 1970 4 1930 2 1970 1960 1970 1940. Light,1972 1960 2 3 Mississippi 1960 97% H Delta Weber 1917 1922 34
China Town Lee 1949a 3% 46.1% 51.2% 1970 50 % 1966 Light Wang 1950 5 20 64 5 35
1973 61% 21% 21% 55 7% Kuoh Li 97 1997-1998 9 11 9 25 10 9 97 10 16 96 10 23 95 10 30 95 11 6 95 11 13 95 11 20 95 11 27 12 4 12 11 96 12 18 12 25 96 100871 36