V. * 1 2 18 25 * 1 2 10YJC820180 discrimination discrimination 2003 420 6 2005 485 2003 995 2012 5 16 17 93
2014 2 3 risk classification 4 5 6 1964 7 3 Kenneth S. Abraham Distributing Risk Insurance Legal Theory and Public Policy 64 Yale University Press 1986. 4 0. 95 1. 00 5 6 25 60 1. 05 30 40 0. 95 7 City of Los Angeles v. Manhart 435 U. S. 702 1978 Arizona Governing Committee v. Norris 463 U. S. 1073 1983. 94 114 1 2002 2008 2009 7 16
V. 8 9 1964 2008 1964 unfair discrimination 10 11 20 80 12 1. 8 9 10 11 12 Jill Gaulding Race Sex and Genetic Discrimination in Insurance What s Fair 80 Cornell L. Rev. 1646 1655 1995. 20 80 Leah Wortham Insurance Classification Too Important to Be Left to the Actuaries 19 U. Mich. J. L. Ref. 349 364 1986. Leah Wortham Insurance Classification Too Important to Be Left to the Actuaries 19 U. Mich. J. L. Ref. 349 386 1986. 20 50 Fla. Stat. Ann. 627. 0651 6 Hartford Acci. & Indem. Co. v. Insurance Commissioner of Commonwealth 505 Pa. 571 1984 95
2014 2 20 50 20 60 20 80 13 2. 1964 14 15 16 17 18 20 80 20 90 13 Austin The Insurance Classification Controversy 131 U. Pa. L. Rev. 517 530 1983. 14 Leah Wortham Insurance Classification Too Important to Be Left to Actuaries 19 U. Mich. J. L. Ref. 349 365 1986. 15 Id. at 366. 16 790. 03 f 17 18 Insurance Serv. Office v. Commissioner of Ins. 381 So. 2d 515 La. Ct. App. 1979 Hartford Acci. & Indem. Co. v. Insurance Commissioner of Commonwealth 505 Pa. 571 1984. 96
V. 50% 19 3. DNA 20 21 DNA RNA DNA RNA 19 20 21 Gaulding supra note 8 at 1663. National Conference of State Legislatures Genetics and Health Insurance State Anti - Discrimination Laws http / /www. ncsl. org /issues - research /health /genetic - nondiscrimination - in - health - insurance - laws. aspx 2013 3 25 National Conference of State Legislatures Genetics and Life Disability and Long - term Care Insurance http / /www. ncsl. org /issues - research /health /genetic - nondiscrimination - laws - in - life - disability. aspx 2013 3 25 97
2014 2 22 4. ECJ 23 2010 7 Civic Consulting 24 22 Robert H. Jerry II Health Insurers Use of Genetic Information A Missouri Perspective on a Changing Regulatory Landscape 64 Mo. L. Rev. 759 2009. 23 Research Group on the Existing EC Private Law 2009 24 Civic Consulting Study on the Use of Age Disability Sex Religion or Belief Racial or Ethnic Origin and Sexual Orientation in Financial Services in Particular in the Insurance and Banking Sectors http / /ec. europa. eu /social /keydocuments. jsp type = 0&policyArea = 0&subCategory = 0&country = 0&year = 0&advSearchKey = fisec&mode = 98 advancedsubmit&langid = en 2013 3 26
V. 21 70 25 31 31 41 77 community rating 2004 Directive 2004 /113 /EC 5 1 2007 12 21 5 2 5 1 5 5 1 2012 12 community rating 25 26 46 50% 22 200% 99
2014 2 5 2 5 2 ECJ 2011 3 1 5 2 2012 12 21 2012 12 21 1997 26 2009 4 18 30 3 27 28 2017 11 1 29 26 2004 44 27 18 1 28 Concordat and Moratorium on Genetics and Insurance 2011 2017 29 UK Government and Association of British Insurers Concordat and Moratorium on Genetics and Insurance 2011. 100
V. 50 30 3 30 30 101
2014 2 31 32 20 60 33 34 35 31 Kenneth S. Abraham Distributing Risk Insurance Legal Theory and Public Policy 80 Yale University Press 1986. 32 33 See Austin supra note 13. 34 Ronald Craig Lisa Stearns Lisa Stearns 2006 20 35 34 27 102
V. 36 37 38 39 36 Wortham supra note 14. 37 Gaulding supra note 8. 38 Lange v. Rancher 56 N. W. 2d 542 Wis. 1953 39 Martin J. Katzt Insurance and the Limits of Rational Discrimination 8 Yale L. & Pol y Rev. 436 1990. 103
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V. 40 41 42 43 44 45 40 41 42 43 44 45 Kenneth Abraham Four Conceptions of Insurance 161U. Pa. L. Rev. 653 668 2013 n. 47. 2006 4 63% Ashley M. Ellis Genetic Justice Discrimination by Employers and Insurance Companies Based on Predictive Genetic Information 34 Tex. Tech L. Rev. 1071 1076 2003. Directive 2004 /113 /EC 5 1 12 105
2014 2 20 60 46 47 48 46 2000 285-300 47 2008 2009 48 2009 7 16 Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 438 U. S. 265 1978. 106
V. 49 50 51 49 50 2010 8 116 224-225 51 Katzt supra note 39. 107
2014 2 Risk Classification in Insurance Law Reasonable Distinction v. Discrimination Zhou Xuefeng Abstract Risk classification is one of the most important features of modern business insurance and justified in economics. However in modern society when we decide whether a kind of risk classification is reasonable distinction or unfair discrimination we should not only consider statistical data or actuarial reasons but should emphasize the social function of the insurance and overwhelming social value etc. How to regulate the specific risk classification is eventually decided by the balance of interests and public choice. Keywords insurance risk classification distinction discrimination 108