土壤 (Soils), 2016, 48(2): 259 264 DOI: 10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2016.02.008 1 冻融条件下黑土无机磷分级及有效性研究 * ( 110866) O-P>Fe-P>Al-P>Ca-PAl-P Fe-P O-P Ca-P Al-P O-P Ca-P Al-P Olsen-P(Y) Al-P(X 1 ) Fe-P(X 2 ) S153 S157.4 [1 2] [3] [4] 10% ~ 25% [5] [6 7] [8] 40% [9 10] [11 12] [13] 1 (126 33 E 48 21 N) 2011 10 0 ~ 20 cm 5 mm 1 (g/cm 3 ) Table 1 ph 表 1 供试黑土基本理化性质 The physical and chemical properties of the black soil tested (g/kg) (%) 0.9 5.85 65.89 55.76 20.94 902.20 284 112 (41101256 41471225)(2014054) * (zhoulilia@163.com) (1990 )E-mail: 18740022995@163.com
260 48 1.1 20 40 60 80 100 120 mg/kg 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% KH 2 PO 4 30 cm 20 cm 10 cm 12 h 12 h 24 h 10 ~ 7 30 0 1 2 3 5 10 15 20 30 2012 5 2014 4 1.2 0.5 mol/l NaHCO 3 Chang-Jackson [14] = a i a 0 a i 1 2 3 5 10 15 20 30 mg/kg a 0 mg/kg 2 2.1 3 (TIP) 2 2 (APb) (FTC) O-P( ) (W) F 76.992 48.128 Al-P( ) F 102.239 3 Fe-P( ) Ca-P( ) 3 2 (APb)(FTC) (W) O-P (FTC) Al-P O-P Ca-P TIP (W) Fe-P 20 ~ 120 mg/kg 6 (FTC) Fe-P [15] (W) Fe-P 表 2 无机磷总量 各形态含量及其绝对含量增值的方差分析 Table 2 Contents of various forms and total inorganic phosphorus and ANOVA statistics of the increase in their absolute contents APb FTC W F P F P F P Al-P 102.239 <0.01 1.153 0.328 1.006 0.405 Fe-P 17.012 <0.01 2.789 <0.01 6.825 <0.01 O-P 48.128 <0.01 4.872 <0.01 1.981 0.098 Ca-P 38.773 <0.01 3.346 <0.01 3.722 <0.01 TIP 76.992 <0.01 5.598 <0.01 1.495 0.204 Al-P 4.719 <0.01 6.089 <0.01 4.631 <0.01 Fe-P 4.150 <0.01 3.824 <0.01 9.892 <0.01 O-P 3.275 <0.01 15.040 <0.01 0.970 0.424 Ca-P 1.007 0.414 9.998 <0.01 5.163 <0.01 TIP 3.002 0.012 24.083 <0.01 2.110 0.080 APb FTC W F F P P<0.05 P<0.01
2 261 3 O-P 31.70 mg/kg 80 mg/kg 60.77 mg/kg 3 Al-P 2.18 ~ 9.05 mg/kg 5.60 mg/kg Ca-P 0.66 ~ 7.54 mg/kg 3.79 mg/kg Fe-P 7.88 ~ 6.46 mg/kg 2.15 mg/kg O-P 41.9% ~ 56.0% 50.2% 52.0% 1.8% Fe-P 24.2% ~ 38.8% 30.7% 28.6% 2.2% Al-P 11.5% ~ 15.1% 12.9% Ca-P 4.8% ~ 8.0% 6.2% 6.5% 0.3% O-P Fe-P Al-P Ca-P [16] O-P O-P O-P O-P Fe-P Ca-P Al-P Al-P APb 20 40 60 80 100 120 表 3 冻融前后无机磷各形态绝对含量增值和相对含量 Table 3 Changes of inorganic phosphorus content before and after freezing and thawing W Al-P Fe-P O-P Ca-P Al-P Fe-P O-P Ca-P m 2.18 5.58 2.64 6.27 20% m 6.49 6.12 32.47 2.86 FTC 0 11.6 38.8 43.0 6.5 FTC 0 13.0 32.9 48.7 5.5 FTC 30 11.5 38.6 41.9 8.0 FTC 30 12.9 31.3 50.2 5.6 m 7.52 0.54 35.67 3.76 30% m 2.2 7.88 36.33 0.66 FTC 0 12.6 30.5 51.8 5.0 FTC 0 12.6 30.5 50.5 6.4 FTC 30 13.0 27.3 54.4 5.4 FTC 30 12.4 27.1 54.6 5.8 m 6.47 6.46 17.83 2.91 40% m 6.88 5.27 24.77 7.54 FTC 0 13.1 27.7 52.7 6.5 FTC 0 14.0 30.1 49.5 6.4 FTC 30 13.6 27.4 52.4 6.7 FTC 30 14.2 28.2 50.1 7.5 m 3.37 5.44 60.77 2.44 50% m 6.22 3.8 50.64 4.29 FTC 0 15.1 26.6 51.8 6.5 FTC 0 12.3 31.6 50.1 6.1 FTC 30 13.8 24.2 56.0 6.1 FTC 30 12.0 28.2 53.4 6.3 m 9.05 2.65 40.29 4.56 60% m 6.21 3.46 14.31 4.9 FTC 0 12.7 30.4 52.1 4.8 FTC 0 12.6 28.7 52.3 6.5 FTC 30 13.2 26.5 54.9 5.3 FTC 30 13.0 27.9 51.9 7.3 m 5.02 2.45 33.03 2.77 FTC 0 12.3 30.4 49.8 7.6 FTC 30 12.3 27.4 52.7 7.6 APb W m 30 mg/kg FTC 0 FTC 30 0 30 % 2.2 Olsne-P 4 Olsne-P Al-P Fe-P
262 48 表 4 黑土无机磷组分与 Olsen-P 间的相关关系 Table 4 The relationship between inorganic phosphorus fractions and Olsen-P in black soil Al-P Fe-P O-P Ca-P Olsen-P Al-P 1 0.319 ** 0.559 ** 0.484 ** 0.471 ** Fe-P 1 0.243 ** 0.208 ** 0.382 ** O-P 1 0.305 ** 0.347 ** Ca-P 1 0.352 ** Olsen-P 1 ** P<0.01 Olsne-P Ca-P O-P Al-P>Fe-P>Ca-P>O-P O-P Fe 2 O 3 Al-P Fe-P Ca-P O-P 2.3 [17] Olsen-P ( 5) Al-P(Py 1 =0.275)>Fe-P(Py 2 =0.245)>Ca-P(Py 4 =0.179)>O-P (Py 3 =0.088) Al-P Fe-P Ca-P O-P 5 O-P Al-P (Py, 31 =0.154) Ca-P (Py 4 =0.179) Al-P (Py, 41 =0.133) Al-P Ca-P O-P Fe-P Al-P Al-P Al-P X i X j Table 5 表 5 黑土无机磷各组分对 Olsen-P 的通径系数和通径链系数 The path coefficients and path chain coefficients of inorganic phosphorus fractions and Olsen-P in black soil X i Y X 1 Y X 2 Y X 3 Y X 4 Y γ iy X 1 0.275 0.078 0.049 0.087 0.471 X 2 0.088 0.245 0.021 0.037 0.382 X 3 0.154 0.060 0.088 0.055 0.347 X 4 0.133 0.051 0.027 0.179 0.352 X 1 Al-P X 2 Fe-P X 3 O-P X 4 Ca-P Y Olsen-P 2.4 Y=0.201X 1 + 0.247X 2 +0.013X 3 +0.176X 4 17.578(r=0.552) X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 Y X 3 X 3 Y=0.235X 1 +0.253X 2 +0.180X 4 17.466(r=0.547) X 1 X 2 X 4 Y Ca-P X 4 Y=0.284X 1 +0.262X 2 16.492(r=0.532) Al-P Fe-P Olsen-P Olsen-P Al-P Fe-P 6
2 263 表 6 不同冻融循环次数条件下 Olsen-P 与 Al-P Fe-P 之间的回归分析 Table 6 The regression analysis between Olsen-P and Al-P,Fe-P under different freeze-thaw cycles FTC 0 Y=0.223 X 1 +0.485 X 2 39.439 R 2 =0.794 FTC 1 Y=0.402 X 1 +0.394 X 2 43.481 R 2 =0.761 FTC 2 Y=0.296 X 1 +0.354 X 2 29.854 R 2 =0.867 FTC 3 Y=0.278 X 1 +0.273 X 2 16.046 R 2 =0.351 FTC 5 Y=0.296 X 1 +0.261 X 2 15.296 R 2 =0.633 FTC 10 Y=0.245 X 1 +0.262 X 2 16.566 R 2 =0.298 FTC 15 Y=0.407 X 1 +0.194 X 2 13.270 R 2 =0.592 FTC 20 Y=0.521 X 1 +0.175 X 2 6.434 R 2 =0.844 FTC 30 Y=0.277 X 1 +0.321 X 2 25.275 R 2 =0.988 FTC 6 Al-P(X 1 ) Fe-P(X 2 ) Al-P a = 0.021X 2 + 0.228 R 2 =0.923 Fe-P b = 0.028X 2 + 0.149 R 2 =0.835 c = 0.104X 2 + 3.486X 36.994 R 2 =0.775 Y = (0.021X 2 +0.228)X 1 (0.028X 2 0.149)X 2 (0.104X 2 3.486X+36.994) Y X X 1 Al-P X 2 Fe-P a Al-P b Fe-P c 3 O-P Al-P Ca-P Fe-P O-P>Fe-P> Al-P>Ca-P (FTC) Al-P O-P Ca-P TIP (W) Fe-P Al-P(Py 1 =0.275)>Fe-P(Py 2 =0.245)> Ca-P(Py 4 =0.179)>O-P(Py 3 =0.088) Al-P Fe-P Olsen-P Al-P(X 1 ) Fe-P(X 2 ) Y = ax 1 + bx 2 c Al-P(X 1 ) Fe-P(X 2 ) 致谢 : 感谢贾玉华老师对论文初稿提出的修改建议 [1],,. [J]., 2006, 37(3): 107 358 [2],,. [J]., 2007, 18(10): 2 361 2 366 [3],. [J]., 2003, 1(4): 50 54 [4],,,. [J]., 2013, 29(17): 87 95 [5] McLaren T I, Simpson R J, McLaughlin M J, et al. An assessment of various measures of soil phosphorus and the net accumulation of phosphorus in fertilized soils under pasture[j]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2015, 178(3): 1 12 [6],. [J]., 1991, 22(6): 254 256 [7],. [J].,1989, 22(3): 58 66 [8],,,. [J]., 2009, 23(6): 48 53 [9],, 戼. [J]., 2003, 40(4): 593 598 [10] Gburek W J, Sharpley A N, Heathwaite L, et al. Phosphorus management at the watershed scale: A modification of the phosphorus index[j]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2000, 29: 130 144 [11],,,. [J]., 2009, 46(1): 46 51 [12],,,. [J]., 2002, 13(3): 298 302 [13],. [J]., 2011, 9(6): 114 120 [14] Chang S C, Jackson M L. Fractionantion of soil phosphours[j]. Soil Science,1957, 84: 133 144 [15],,,. [J]., 2009, 23(3): 107 111 [16],,,. [J]., 2014, 46(4): 662 668 [17]. [J]., 1991, 28(4): 417 425
264 48 Classification and Efficiency of Inorganic Phosphorus in Black Soil Under Freezing and Thawing Conditions QIAO Siyu, ZHOU Lili *, FAN Haoming, JIA Yanfeng, WU Min (College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China) Abstract: The freezing and thawing action is an important factor affecting the form and transformation of soil inorganic phosphorus, which is an essential element of ecosystem. In order to examine the changes of inorganic phosphorus fractions and their efficiency under freezing and thawing conditions, a black soil was selected, and the inorganic phosphorus fractions and their efficiency were measured with the method of Chang-Jackson under indoor simulation conditions. The results showed that the absolute contents of inorganic phosphorus fractions increased generally after freezing-thawing, while the relative content of inorganic phosphorus did not change significantly. The contents of inorganic phosphorus fractions followed the order: O-P> Fe-P>Al-P>Ca-P. Correlation analysis and path analysis indicated that Al-P and Fe-P were the available phosphorus source and affected the content of soil available phosphorus directly; while O-P, Ca-P and Al-P had larger coefficient of size chain, indicating that O-P and Ca-P indirectly affect the available phosphorus content through their interactions with Al-P. A good linear relationship was observed between Olsen-P(Y) and Al-P (X 1 ) and Fe-P (X 2 ). Key words: Freezing-thawing cycles; Black soil; Inorganic phosphorus; Fractions; Efficiency