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74 漢學研究第 28 卷第 3 期 5 7: 51 6 7: 55 7 8: 59 8 12: 99 9 12: 99 10 23: 194 11 15: 131 43: 381 65: 581 583 100: 884 12 23: 200 54: 484 75: 666 94: 835 13 24: 204 14 30: 258 15 31: 265 16 35: 308 64: 567 17 35: 308 18 44: 388 19 53: 470 20 56: 497 21 61: 548 22 61: 548 23 61: 548 24 63: 563 25 79: 707 26 81: 723 1 36 6 4/1/241 11 1/29/22 12 82: 734 36 5 2008 117-162
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78 漢學研究第 28 卷第 3 期 10 15/6/139 17/10/158 11 4 2/11-12/182 12 16 5/7/581 13 86: 766 17 4 14 4 /11/85 15 5/27/116 16 10/1-2/176 17 2 /10/45 18 6/5/53 19 2 2/11/90
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80 漢學研究第 28 卷第 3 期 1 86 2 27 3 17 4 14 5 11 6 5 7 4 8 3 9 2 10 1 11 1 50 20 5 86 27 17 14 11 5 4 3 2 1 1 40 46 86 63 20 3 23 54 94 639 9: 66 23 33 11: 87 699-759 10: 79 65: 575 91: 806 580-643 599-649 11: 86
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96 漢學研究第 28 卷第 3 期 The Infiltration of Confucian Classics into Popular Literature: On the Allusions in the Journey to the West Yang Chin-lung * Abstract This article investigates the infiltration of Confucian classics into the Journey to the West 西遊記, its reasons, and effects. Through combining reading of the Thirteen Classics and the Four Books with statistical analysis, I have concluded that the allusions to the Confucian classics in the novel fall into six types, and are applied in three different ways. According to the frequency of allusion, in descending order, there are one hundred and sixtyfive cases in total from the Book of Poetry 詩經, the Analects 論語, the Book of Changes 易經, the Mencius 孟子, the Book of Rites 禮記, the Doctrine of the Mean 中庸, the Great Learning 大學, the Zuo Commentary 左傳, the Book of Documents 尚書, the Ready Rectifier 爾雅, and the Classic of Filial Piety 孝經. Secondly, I consider that the influences of the civil examination system and the reading habits of Ming society constitute the primary reasons for the use of rich references to the Confucian classics in the Journey to the West. Through examining the original functions of the classics and analyzing the basic concepts of evidential studies and intertextuality, I argue that this phenomenon may imply the resurgence of the entertainment function of traditional classics. * Yang Chin-lung is an associate research fellow in the Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy at Academia Sinica.
楊晉龍 / 經學對通俗文學的滲透 論 西遊記 的 引經據典 97 Thirdly, I find that the infiltration of Confucian classics into the vernacular novel resulted in a new literary style that mixes classical and vulgar texts. Works such as the Journey to the West, the Plum in the Golden Vase 金瓶梅, and the Carnal Prayer Mat 肉蒲團 are examples of this new literary style. The appearance of this new literary style in turn characterizes the disordered state of orthodox Confucian texts. In addition to gathering statistics for the references to Confucian classics in the Journey to the West, my research also uses a different method of analysis that provides accurate data and an alternative approach for studying the Journey to the West and other vernacular novels. Keywords: Journey to the West 西遊記, literary allusion, Confucian classics, vernacular literature, Ming novels