forensic medicine 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
DNA DNA 9
1985 Jeffreys DNA DNA PCR DNA DNA DNA 10
11
1 5 electroencephalogram EEG brainstem evoked potential BEP 12
eletromyography EMG BEP BEP EMG 2 X CT ultrasound diagnosis X computed tomography CT magnetic resonance imaging MRI CT MRI 3 13
14
15
forensic science 1 2 criminalistics 16
17
1 1 2 18
3 4 5 6 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 19
3 3 4 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 20
4 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 3 21
legal medicine forensic medicine 42 22
1 23
2 24
1 2 3 1 25
2 3 26
2 27
28
29
770 476 475 221 1975 12 12 30
210 55% 1 31
2 3 1 960 1279 1162 32
2 3 4 2-1 33
10 50 10 26 17 2-1 1 1247 2-2 1186 1249 2-3 1245 1247 2-2 2-3 34
1981 B.E.mcnight 1990 2 13 1308 1260 1346 35
1694 1779 1 2 3 4 36
1911 1912 1897~1951 1922 7 1924 1928 1 2 1932 8 37
3 1934 1 1928 1930 1935 1934 1936 1934 1937 1937 1 38
2 2000 1 1931 1949 1931 1932 1935 1942 1943 1943 1947 39
2 1950 1965 1950 1951 1954 1956 1955 1959 3 1977 1979 1980 1982 1982 40
1982 249 1983 10 26 1984 3 1984 7 1987 5 6 1991 1997 41
2 1 5 4 5 500 4 6 1984 50 2 20 50 20 80 1981 1983 90 1986 8 42
20 1985 11 8 20 80 1980 2000 2001 2002 1 1979 12 1 1980 3 14 1985 10 27 Forensic Medicine Association of China FMAC 1988 9 4 7, 2001 43
2 1 1934 1 1936 2 1976 3 1985 7 MEDLINE 4 Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine,CJFM 1986 9 1989 ISSN1001 5728 1990 DNA 1 1983 8 2 1984 1991 44
3 1 20 60 2 1985 Jeffreys DNA 1986 1987 DNA 1987 DNA PCR PCR-STR 3 14 16 1507 Constitutio Bambergensis 1532 45
Constitutio Criminalis Carolina 1 Padua A. Vesalius 1514 1564 1543 De Corporis Humani Fabrica W.Harvey 1578 1657 1628 2 46
Ambroise Pare,1510-1590 1575 Pare 3 Palermo Fortunato Fedele,1550-1630 1598 1602 1603 4 1 2 3 4 1 19 2 3 1 1621 Paulo Zacchia 1584 1659 47
Quaestiones Medicolegales Medico-legales legal medicine 3 1658 9 788 68 Zacchia 2 J.Michaelis 1607 1667 1650 Bohn forensic meclicine 1785 Eduard V.G Von Lobes (1763 1827) 1795 3 1714 1768 Theresiana 1770 1750 Royal Mandate 19 48
1806 1813 gerichtsarzt 4 19 1868 1873 1878 8 12 14 1995 1829 1921 Annales de Medecine Legale,de Criminlogie dt de Police Scientique 5 1814 Orfila 1839 1829 Addison 1793 1860 Morgan (1797 1847 ) 1848 Taylor 49
1856 F.J.Otto 1868 Dragendorff 1836 1898 1 2 3 19 7 20 50
14 120 1 30~50 20 EEC Seville 1986 9 2 6 11 Seville 51
DNA SIDS DNA SIDS 2000 DNA DNA DNA 1995 DNA 1 52
2 1985 Jeffreys DNA polymerase chain reaction, PCR 1989 1991 Litt PCR-STR 1 53
2 1 60 4 2 1987 5 1 3.5 500 100 30 20 200 10 1 coroner system (procurator-fiscal system) 1 54
7~11 2 2 2 1 1963 67 10~20 2 55
1) DMJ DMJclin DMJpath DMJclin 3 DMJpath 3 DMJclin 10 DMJpath DMJ 2 Royal College of Pathology RCPath RCPath 4 1 18 5 4 5 3 1 12 1 CMEO CMEO 11 13 1 56
2~4 2 20 CMEO 5 coroner system 2 1 2 America Board of Pathology ABP ABP 3 3 4 1 1 100 100 24 1 250~350 1 4~8 ABP 57
CMEO 1 1 7 24 2 1 2 3 58
10 2 20 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 59
forensic pathology 60
cause of death 1 2 3 4 5 1 violent death non-violent death 2 61
1 2 3 2 2 62
63
64
personal identification medical negligence 65
1 2 3 1 2 66
1 2 3 67
clinical forensic medicine / 1 95 68
2 69
1 2 70
71
forensic physical evidence 80% 1 72
73
personal identification 1 2 1 2 74
1 2 3 4 5 6 poisoning intoxicantion / poison toxicant / 75
5 76
60 77
78
forensic psychiatry 1 79
80
1 1 81
2 3 2 1 82
2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 83
1 2 ( ) 3 84
3 1 1 2 T 3 Y ( ) 4 Y 2 1 2 85
3 3 H.E 4 (exhumation) 86
5 6 87
document examination / 1 1 postmortem phenomena algor mortis 16~18 10 1 10 0.5 24 lividity 4-1 4-1 12 12~24 24 88
rigor mortis 1~3 4~6 12~16 24~48 3~7 2 supravital reaction 2 6 3 4 5 4-2 4-2 1 2~3 4~5 6 2 vital reaction 1 89
2 3 5-3 1 2 3 24 3 2 4~12 12~24 48 72 3~6 10~15 3 10 5-20~30 1 2 4 1 4-3 4 3 90
2 5 4-4 4-4 6 1 1 1 2 1 91
2 3 4 5 6 92
7 8 9 93
1 1 1 2 94
95
2 1 cm mm 2 Stevenson m 2 =0.006 cm 0.0128 kg 0.1529 9% 9% 9% 13% 1% 5 9% 1% 1% 96
/ 100% 1 1 X X 2 CT computed tomography CT CT C T 3 ( magnetic resonance imaging ) 97
2 1 amplitude mode A 2 bnightness mode B 3 motion mode M 4 doppler mode D B 3 somatosensory evoked potential SEP 98
short-latency SEP brainstem auditory evoked potential BAEP visual evoked potential VEP pattem reversal visual evokes potential PRVEP 2 99
100
1 2 3 101
DNA 1 1 2 2 3 2 Coombs 2 102
1 microlymphocytotoxic test HLA HLA HLA 2 HLA-DP HLA 4 1937 Tiselius DNA 1 2 3 DNA 103
104
1 1 105
3 4 1 1 absorption test 2 elution test 56 106
56 3 mixed agglutination test 2 3-4 DNA 107
1 2 1 108
2 3 1 2 109
3 4 5 110
111
112
1 1 2 3 4 113
5 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 114
1 2 3 4 1 2 3-5 5 10 3 115
haverian camal 4 Ca Si Fe Mn Ca Mg Cu Mn Fe 20 5 20 6 24 DNA DNA DNA 7 X X 8 1 116
1 2 3 2 1 4-5 4-5 70 ~75 90 ~100 2 3 DNA PCR Y 3 1 4-6 4 6 17~19 117
20~22 23~24 25~30 31~35 36~44 45~59 60 2 3 4 1 5cm 2 5cm 5 1 DNA 2 3 118
1 2 3 1 2 3 119
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 1 2 120
3 CT MRI 1 1 2 3 2 1 121
2 3 1 2 3 4 122
1, 2 X Y DNA DNA Y DNA DNA 3 4 123
124
125
126
127
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
1999 153
1999 8 16 24 1999 8 12 1 1999 8 17 9 1993 8 12 12 30 1 177cm 12cm 9cm 3cm T 0.5cm 1300ml 154
9cm 7cm 2cm 3cm 3cm 2cm 270g 1.3cm 0.3cm 10cm 11.5cm 6cm 6cm 1100g 21cm 11cm 5cm 21cm 11cm 8cm 1200g 24cm 16cm 6cm 8cm 7cm 3cm 7cm 6cm 9cm 7cm 2cm 120g 12cm 10cm 2cm 3cm 0.5cm 140g 17cm 9cm 8cm 100g 12cm 5cm 3cm 110g 12cm 7cm 3cm 155
1 2 3 1300ml 4 5 6 7 8 Colles 1300 156
2004 15 19 15 1 X 3 157
1. 2003 4 29 10 GCS15 5cm 6cm 3cm 2.5cm 3cm 2cm 2.5cm 2003 4 29 30 X 123456 15 25 2003 5 2 X 123456 5 10 158
2 10%~25 6cm OO 2003 159
12 12 23 2003 12 11 19 16 2003 12 12 13 40 16 5 6 T 37 12044 14 2003 12 11 17 48 10 P R 18 / Bp 3 0mm 3 5mm 160
EKG 70% 11 18 40 03219128 13 2003 12 11 18 46 2 2 37 5 1 1 155cm 44kg 2 14 cm 0 6cm 0 3cm 0 2cm 1 3cm 0 6cm 3 4 25 0cm 17 5cm 5 6 7 4 5cm 2 161
2 1 1 1cm 0 8cm 2 50ml 1 7cm 0 9cm 200ml 3 1550g 4 250g 9 cm 10 5cm 6 0cm 6 0cm 1 3cm 0 4cm 1 3cm 5 400g 19 cm 14 cm 6 cm 450g 20 cm 16 5cm 6 cm 6 1350g 26 cm 17 cm 7 cm 7 200g 12 5cm 9 cm 3 5cm 8 150g 10 5cm 6 cm 4 cm 0 7cm 3 1cm 2 1cm 100g 10.5cm 6 cm 2 8cm 0 7cm 9 5 cm 2 3cm 10 50ml 162
10 cm 7 cm 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 163
16 17 2 1 76 23µg/ml 2 4 03mg/ml 1 2 3 4 5 76 23µg/ml 4 03mg/ml 7 8 9 164
76 23µg/ml 4 03mg/ml 2003 12 22 2003 2003 10 17 165
2003 10 17 AF1 AF2 M C 2ml EDTA M C AF1 AF2 C 1. D8S1179 PCR DNA, 310 2. D21S11 PCR DNA, 310 3. D3S1358 PCR DNA, 310 4. VWA PCR DNA, 310 5. FGA PCR DNA, 310 6. D5S818 PCR DNA, 310 7. D13S317 PCR DNA, 310 8. D7S820 PCR DNA, 310 9. TPOX PCR DNA, PAG 10. CSF1PO PCR DNA, PAG 11. D16S539 PCR DNA, PAG 12. D20S161 PCR DNA, PAG 13. D10S2325 PCR DNA, PAG 14. D21S1409 PCR DNA, PAG 15. D1S2142 PCR DNA, PAG 16. D1S3733 PCR DNA, PAG 17. D20S604 PCR DNA, PAG 18. D1S549 PCR DNA, PAG 19. D3S1754 PCR DNA, PAG 20. D12S391 PCR DNA, PAG 21. D18S865 PCR DNA, PAG 166
AF2 (CPI)= 4512735.615 4512735.615 AF2 (RCP)= 100% 99.99 4512736.615 AF2 99.99% AF2 AF1 D21S11 FGA D13S317 D7S820 CSF1PO D16S539 D20S161 D21S1409 D1S2142 D20S604 D12S391 AF1 2003 11 167
2003 10 1 1 2 2ml 3 2ml 2003 5 2 2 3 PCR 4 1 17 13-15 11 30 25 11 12 2 13 13-15 10 28 24 14 13 3 17 13-15 11 30 25 11 12 168
1 1 2 Y- 7 STR DYS385 2 1 3 Y- 7 STR Y- 7 STR 1 3 8.08 10-7 2003 5 169