2005 3?, ( ),,,,,,, 2004 (W ho A re W e? The Challenges to Am erica s N ational Identity, ),,,,, ( national identity),, :,??,,,,, (,, 2005 ) national identity,, :,, 1998, 368, 24 25 1
, 1975 (Harold R. Isaacs) ( Idols of the Tribe),, :,, :,,,,,, :,,? 80,,,,,,,, :, -,,,,,,,, ( 1) 1, :,,, ; 2,, race nation nationality ethnic group tribe ethnicity, ( group), :,,, 2004, 6 30, :,,,,, (Lucian W. Pye) :, 282 312 :,, 1984, 400,, :,, 1994, 125 118 126
,,, 1 (7 8 ) -,,,,,,,, ; ; ; ; ; ; ;,,,,,, :,,, : 3
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) -,,,, ( ),,, ( national app roach) ( nationalism),, ;,,, /, / ; -, /, /,,,,,,,,, 4 :, 354 :, 282 304 national app roach nationalism Samuel P. Huntington,W ho A re W e? The Challenges to Am erica s N ational Identity, Simon & Schuster Rockefeller Center, 2004, pp. 364-365
,,,, : 17 18, ( settlers),,, ;,,,, -, :,,,,,,,,,, 17 18,,,,, ( aborigines/ indigenes peop les),,, :,,?,,, :,, 2002, 14 :, 33 settlers, settle settlers imm igrants( ), :, 35 :, 222 :, 154 237, :,, 1987, 21 : ( ),, 2004, 1361 :, 11 5
(Hopewell culture),,,, :, :,,, ( ),,,,,, -, 80% 98%,,,,, (American identity),, 19 30 -, -,, -,, :,,,,,,,, 6 300,,, P :,, 1988, 10, :,, 1997, 79 :, 39 :,, 1999, 52 :, 50 P :, 91
,,,, (American creed),,,, ( nation- state) 20 60,,,, 20 50 60,,,,,, :, ( ethno- nationalism ),, :, ;,, - :, : ; ; 20 60, ;, ( ethnicity), :, 53, 56, 101, : :,, 2004, 22 23 : :,, 2001, 4 :, 255 - :,, 2005, 2 7
,, :,,,,,, ( 2) 2 20 60, 20 60,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,?,,, :,, :, ;,,,,,,,, ( religious nationalism),,,, ( ),, : :, 154, 202 :, 222 : 20,, 2002, 210 :, 210 212 8
,,,, 19,,,,,,, -,,,,, ( ), ( ethnicity),,,, ( the Deconstructionist Movement),,, ( ethnic group s),,,,, 1964 1965,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( the Melting Pot),,,,,,,, 20 :, 191, 183, 123, 122 : 20,, 1998, 148 9
60,,,, ( ethnic revival),,,,,, 19,,,,,,,, 1970,,,,,,, 20 70, ( EHSP),, 1980 ( ethnic group s) ( ethnicity),,, ( ethnic collectivity),, :,, 1999, 92 :, 61 : 20,, 2002, 185 P :, 8 : 20, 5 : :,,, 2004, 263 Stephan Thernstrom ( ed. ), Harvard Encyclopedia of Am erican Ethnic Groups, the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1980 M G :,, 1983 6 10
, 20 60,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,, :,, 1995, 352 :,, 1991, 236 :,, 2000, 256 : :, 261 :, 5, 3 P :, 9 11
,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 1946 1994 297. 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1965 :,,, ( ),,,,, 1964, 75%, 1970 25%,,,,, :,, 2002, 8 9 :,, 2004, 26 230 232 : 20, 193 :,, 2002, 95 :,, 2002, 127 :, 67 12
,, ;,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, -,,,, ( ), ( p rimordialism ),, 18,,,,, :,,,, ( ),, ( ),,, :,, 2003, 88, :, 184, :, 3 :,, 2002, 68 : 20, 374 13
,,,,,,,, :,,? :,,, / 2001 9 11,,,,,,?,,?,,,,,,, :, ( ),,, :, 102, : :, 1 :, 1 3 : (M ichael Roskin, Robert L. Cord, :,,, 2002, 116 ) :, 213 H :,, 1999, 205, : :, 275 14
,,,,,,,,,, 19,, 20, ; 20 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 60,,, 1945 1990, 124, 2. 8, :,,,,,, ; 9 11 1991 2003, 40, 4,, H :, 57, : :, 277 : % %, 217 :,, 2003 11 :, 238 :,, 2003 11 15
,,,,,,,,,,, ( nation- building), -, :,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 148 :,, 2005, 219 : 20, 55, 65 :, 142 16
, ( ),, 9 11,,,,,,,,,,,,?,?,,,,,,,, :???,,?,,,,,,, ;,,,,, :, 301, : :, 6 17
,,,,,, : ;,,, :,,, :,,,,,,, :??????,,,,, (Magna Carta) (Magna Mac, ) :,,, :,,,,,,,, :, 220 :?,, 2003, 214 :, 305 :, 45 : 20, 362, 5 :, 46 18
, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ethnic identity),,,,,,,,,,,,,, Abstract The author holds that the new book W ho are W e? by Samuel P. Huntington is the m iniature (American version ) of his clash of civilizations framework, i. e., American clash of cultures. By combing through the coherent logistic relations between these two clashes and combining relevant views of Huntington s political theory, article diagnoses factual contradictions and theoretical paradox in core culture, American creed, imm igration p roblem and multiculturalism of American clash of cultures, and refutes Huntington s hint of enem ies from abroad in solving the crisis of American national identity. The article concludes that American clash of cultures is the manifestation of American nationalism based on racialism w ith its aggressive global hegemonism in the disguise of comp rom ise in nature. the (,,,, 100081) : : 20, 349 :, 220 19