一 連接詞 when before after 的用法 when( 當 時 ) before( 在 之前 ) 和 after( 在 之後 ) 都是從屬連接詞, 用來連接有時間關係的兩個子句 此外,when before 或 after 放句首時, 須用逗號將主要子句隔開 ; 若放句中時, 則不需逗號 句型 : 主要子句 +when / before / after+ 副詞子句.=When / Before / After+ 副詞子句, 主要子句. 1. when 的使用時機 : 連接兩個同時發生的子句 例 (1) Eddie cried when he watched the movie.(eddie 在看這部電影時哭了 ) =When Eddie watched the movie, he cried. (2) My mother was busy in the kitchen when I got home. ( 當我到家時, 我媽媽正在廚房裡忙 ) =When I got home, my mother was busy in the kitchen. 2. before 的使用時機 : 連接兩個先後發生的子句 句型 : 主詞 + 動詞 +before+ 主詞 + 動詞. 事件 A 事件 B 注意事件 A 和事件 B 先後發生, 而 A 發生的時間比 B 早 例 (1) May finished housework before she watched TV.(May 在看電視之前做完了家事 ) =Before May watched TV, she finished housework. (2) Bob mopped the floor before his parents went out.(bob 在他的父母出門之前拖了地 ) =Before Bob s parents went out, Bob mopped the floor. 3. after 的使用時機 : 連接兩個先後發生的子句 句型 : 主詞 + 動詞 +after+ 主詞 + 動詞. 事件 A 事件 B 注意事件 A 和事件 B 先後發生, 而 A 發生的時間比 B 晚 例 (1) Carl went to bed after he said goodnight to his parents.(carl 跟父母道晚安後上床睡覺 ) =After Carl said goodnight to his parents, he went to bed. (2) Lucy cleaned the house after the boys went out. ( 在那些男孩出門之後,Lucy 打掃了房子 ) =After the boys went out, Lucy cleaned the house. 4. before 和 after 常可以互換 例 Carol went to the beach after she took a walk in the park.(carol 在公園散步之後去了海邊 ) =Carol took a walk in the park before she went to the beach.(carol 去海邊之前在公園散步 ) 17
注意 1. when before 與 after 當連接詞時, 除了連接過去的事件, 亦可視句意使用不同的時態 例 (1) Don t play the guitar when I am home.( 當我在家時, 不要彈吉他 ) (2) Paul usually reads before he sleeps.(paul 通常在睡覺前閱讀 ) (3) Can I watch TV after I take out the trash?( 我倒完垃圾後能看電視嗎?) 2. before 與 after 除了引導副詞子句, 也可以當介系詞使用, 後面接名詞當受詞, 例如 : after school( 放學後 ) before class( 上課前 ) 例 (1) Joseph always practices baseball with his friends after school. (Joseph 放學後總是與他的朋友們練習棒球 ) (2) Jessie seldom finishes her homework before class. (Jessie 很少在上課前完成她的家庭作業 ) 補充 1. 當主要子句和副詞子句的主詞相同時, 副詞子句的主詞可省略, 動詞則改為現在分詞 例 (1) After Jenny read the book, she told her friends about it. (Jenny 在閱讀完這本書之後, 她告訴她的朋友們關於這本書的內容 ) =After reading the book, Jenny told her friends about it. =Jenny told her friends about the book after reading it. 主詞都是 Jenny, 故副詞子句的主詞可省略, 動詞則改為現在分詞 reading (2) Mike was sad after we told him the story. ( 在我們告訴 Mike 那個故事之後, 他很難過 ) 主詞不同不可省略, 動詞亦不可改為現在分詞 2. 連接詞連接兩個未來式的句子, 副詞子句必須使用 現在簡單式 代替未來式的情況在本書 L5(p. 39) 介紹 依提示作答 1. We saw Jim on the street. / Jim was with his family.(when 放句首合併句子 ) 2. Edison gave me a gift on March 28. / I went to the USA on March 30.(before 放句中合併句子 ) 3. Lisa s brother took a shower at 8:20. / Lisa helped her brother with his homework at 8:30. (after 放句中合併句子 ) 4. I studied math before I played basketball with my friends.( 以 after 放句首改寫 ) 進階題 ( ) 1. I have problems, I always ask Mr. Lin for help. (A) When (B) Because (C) So (D) Because of 18
( ) 2. Take off( 脫掉 )your shoes you get into the room. (A) so (B) because of (C) but (D) before ( ) 3. Don t watch TV you finish your homework, my mom always says that to me. (A) because (B) when (C) so (D) before ( ) 4. Look at your dirty hands. Please wash them you have dinner. (A) before (B) then (C) when (D) because ( ) 5. Why not drink some warm milk you go to bed? It can help you fall asleep( 睡著 ). (A) before (B) after (C) when (D) then ( ) 6. Betty the answers again after she finished the test. (A) check (B) checking (C) checks (D) checked ( ) 7. Harry read newspapers before he breakfast. (A) having (B) had (C) has (D) was having ( ) 8. When I this morning, my mom was by my side. wake up 醒來 (woke up 為其過去式 ) (A) wake up (B) woke up (C) was waking up (D) waking up ( ) 9. Mary never brushes her teeth before to bed. No wonder( 難怪 )she has bad teeth. (A) went (B) goes (C) going (D) go ( ) 10. Before Ann home, she bought some food in the market. (A) came (B) come (C) comes (D) coming ( ) 11. Becky seldom went to bed after home. Don t come home so late, she always said that to her son. (A) getting (B) her son got (C) she got (D) her son gets ( ) 12. I felt surprised( 驚訝的 ) I knew the man was your brother. (A) but (B) because of (C) before (D) when 會考題 ( ) 1. It was an exciting( 刺激的 )moment( 時刻 )for Mr. and Mrs. Wang they learned that they were going to have a baby( 嬰兒 ). 96-1-14 (A) what (B) when (C) whether (D) why ( ) 2. John felt much better( 較好的 ) he took the medicine the doctor gave him. (A) if (B) so (C) than (D) after 93-2-10 二 過去進行式的用法 1. 定義 : 過去進行式是用來表示 過去某一特定時間正在持續或進行的動作 例 (1) John was sleeping from 9 p.m. to 10 p.m.(john 在晚上九點到十點間正在睡覺 ) 表過去持續的動作 (2) John was sleeping at that time.(john 那時正在睡覺 ) 表過去進行的動作 19
2. 句型變化 : 句型變化及例句 肯定句否定句 Yes / No 疑問句及簡答 wh- 疑問句及答句 主詞 +was / were+v-ing... I was talking on the phone then.( 我那時正在講電話 ) 主詞 +was / were not (wasn t / weren t)+v-ing... I wasn t talking on the phone then.( 我那時沒有在講電話 ) Was / Were+ 主詞 +V-ing...? Yes, 主詞 +was / were. No, 主詞 +wasn t / weren t. A: Were you talking on the phone then?( 你那時正在講電話嗎?) B: Yes, I was.( 是, 我是 )/ No, I wasn t.( 不, 我不是 ) 疑問詞 +was / were+v-ing...? 主詞 +was / were+v-ing... A: What were you doing then?( 你那時正在做什麼?) B: I was talking on the phone then.( 我那時正在講電話 ) 3. 使用時機 : 過去進行式的先決條件必須是表達 過去短暫時間內正在進行或持續的動作 使用時機常搭配的過去時間副詞 : at that time=then( 那時 ) yesterday morning / afternoon / evening all morning( 整個早上 ) 等表達過去某一時間點正在進行的動作 : at 1:30 yesterday( 昨天一點三十分 ) When+ 過去簡單式, 過去進行式. ( 當 正在 ) 例句 (1) I was surfing the Internet at that time. ( 我那時正在上網 ) (2) He was playing video games all morning. ( 他整個早上都在玩電玩遊戲 ) We were having dinner at six o clock yesterday evening.( 我們昨天傍晚六點時正在吃晚餐 ) When you called me yesterday, I was sleeping. ( 當你昨天打電話給我時, 我正在睡覺 ) 注意 1. 過去進行式的時間副詞可以為 過去某個時間點, 也可以是 過去某段特定時間, 但此時強調 持續的動作 2. 過去進行式除了和 過去時間副詞 搭配之外, 也可和 when+ 過去簡單式 的子句 搭配, 表達 在過去短暫時間內正在進行或持續的動作 而此時,when 後面所引 導的子句功能就如同 at that time at 3:00 then 等, 都表達過去的一個明確時間點 例 (1) When I got home, my mom was cooking in the kitchen. ( 當我到家時, 我媽媽正在廚房煮飯 ) (2) John was talking to Judy when I saw him on the street. ( 當我在街上看見 John 時, 他正在和 Judy 說話 ) 20
4. 四種時態比較 : 現在簡單式 : We have dinner at six every evening. 表 真理 現在的事實 或 習慣 ( 我們每天傍晚六點吃晚餐 ) 現在進行式 : 表 現在正在進行的動作 We are having dinner now. ( 我們現在正在吃晚餐 ) 過去簡單式 : We had dinner at six yesterday. 表 過去發生的動作 或 過去的習慣 ( 我們昨天六點吃晚餐 ) 過去進行式 : 表 過去某個時刻正在進行的動作 We were having dinner at six yesterday evening. ( 我們昨天傍晚六點時正在吃晚餐 ) 補充 1. when 也可用來連接兩個過去進行式的句子, 表過去兩個同時正在發生的動作 例 When my brother was playing the guitar, I was dancing. ( 當我弟弟正在彈吉他時, 我正在跳舞 ) 2. 並不是每個動詞都可以用進行式來表達, 如有些動詞只是瞬間動作, 或表達 感情 知覺或記憶 的動詞, 就不會有進行式 例 (1) I gave him some money at seven yesterday.( 我昨天七點的時候給了他一些錢 ) (2) I really liked her then.( 我那時真地很喜歡她 ) 一 依提示作答 1. Neil was playing video games when May called.( 依畫線部分造原問句 ) 2. Yes, Mike was doing exercise at the gym when I saw him.( 依畫線部分造原問句 ) 3. Was Sue playing the guitar at 9:00 this morning?( 先否定簡答, 再以 聽音樂 詳答 ) 二 填充題 ( 填入正確的動詞形式 ) 1. Look! The old man (sleep) under the tree. 2. Bob (like) English now, but he didn t before. 3. Fanny (walk) her dog when I saw her in the park. 進階題 ( ) 1. Josh TV when his mom got home. (A) watches (B) watched (C) was watching (D) is watching ( ) 2. I at eight a.m., so I was late for school this morning. (A) get up (B) got up (C) was getting up (D) am getting up 21
( ) 3. I at eight a.m., so I was late for school this morning. (A) sleep (B) slept (C) was sleeping (D) am sleeping ( ) 4. Tina a shower when the phone rang( 響 ). (A) took (B) was taking (C) takes (D) is taking ( ) 5. When Tony me in the restaurant, I was eating breakfast. (A) saw (B) sees (C) was seeing (D) is seeing ( ) 6. I to music, so I didn t hear( 聽到 )your call. (A) listened (B) was listening (C) am listening (D) listen 會考題 ( ) 1. When the baby( 嬰兒 )cried, Mr. Wu in the kitchen and did not hear( 聽到 )it. (A) cooked (B) was cooking (C) has cooked (D) is going to cook 107-3 ( ) 2. I a bath when someone turned off( 關掉 )the light( 電燈 ). I was scared( 害怕的 ) and shouted for help. 101-7 (A) was taking (B) took (C) am taking (D) had taken ( ) 3. See? The strange man around my house again. Should( 應該 )I call the police( 警察 )? (A) walking (B) is walking (C) and walked (D) to walk 101-13 ( ) 4. Betty TV when her little brother fell off( 跌落 )the chair. 97-2-14 (A) watched (B) was watching (C) has watched (D) is going to watch ( ) 5. Tina hamburgers( 漢堡 )for lunch every day last week. 95-2-10 (A) has (B) had (C) has had (D) was having ( ) 6. When we got to the theater( 電影院 ), a lot of people there to buy tickets. 93-2 (A) wait (B) have waited (C) will wait (D) were waiting 三 時間的表示法 1. quarter 表 十五分鐘 ; 四分之一 ;half 表 一半 ( 的 ); 二分之一 在時間的表達方式中,a quarter 可以代替 15 minutes,half 可以代替 30 minutes 2. 介系詞 to 有 到 ; 離 ; 直到 之意 ; 介系詞 past/after 有 經過 ; 之後 之意 兩者皆可用於時間的表達 注意表達 幾點半, 只能用介系詞 past 22
填充題 10:30 a.m. 9:15 a.m. 2:10 a.m. 5:45 p.m. 1. Karen was playing the guitar at. 2. Ann was having breakfast at. 3. Nicole was sleeping at ten in the. 4. Phoebe was on the metro at in the afternoon. 一 文法選擇 ( 每題 3 分, 共 30 分 ) ( ) 1. Jay: Grace and Irene watching TV in the living room at 8:00 last night? Joe: Yes, they. (A) Was; were (B) Were; were (C) Did; did (D) Are; are ( ) 2. Mrs. Thompson is a teacher. She history at my school now. (A) teach (B) teaches (C) was teaching (D) taught ( ) 3. Linda s stomach hurt a lot she ate the ice cream. (A) after (B) or (C) so (D) but ( ) 4. Jacky was cleaning his bedroom his dad came back home yesterday. (A) after (B) before (C) when (D) because ( ) 5. Taylor math with Alex at 4:30 p.m. last Saturday. (A) study (B) studies (C) is studying (D) was studying ( ) 6. After Shirley for two hours, she drank a lot of water. (A) was swimming (B) swam (C) swimming (D) swims ( ) 7. Mom: It s half eleven. Time for bed. Peter: But I still a lot of homework to do. (A) after; have (B) past; have (C) after; am having (D) past; am having ( ) 8. Jenny: What did you do you got home? Kenny: I the dishes. (A) when; do (B) when; did (C) after; did (D) after; do ( ) 9. Betty happy when she won the running race. (A) was feeling (B) feeling (C) feels (D) felt ( ) 10. Sally read a book before she to bed. (A) was going (B) goes (C) went (D) going 23
二 依提示作答 ( 每題 5 分, 共 25 分 ) 1. Sophia was writing a letter at 4:30 p.m. / John opened the door at 4:30 p.m. ( 以 when 放句首合併句子 ) 2. Dina found her dog. / Dina looked for her dog everywhere.( 以 before 放句首合併句子 ) 3. Alex walked home after having dinner with Taylor.( 用 before 放句中改寫句子 ) 4. Meg was reading a comic book at seven yesterday morning.( 依畫線部分造原問句 ) 5. No, Tony wasn t playing basketball when Ann saw him.( 依畫線部分造原問句 ) 三 整句式翻譯 ( 每題 6 分, 共 30 分 ) 1. 當 Nina 遇到她的老朋友們時, 她非常高興 2. Cindy 可以在你到家後拜訪你嗎? 3. 在 Joe 來這裡之前, 他先去了圖書館 4. 當籃球比賽開始的時候, 我們仍然正在體育館外面排隊 5. A: 當我昨天下午打給你的時候, 你正在做什麼? B: 那時我正在公園的長椅上休息 24
四 克漏字測驗 ( 每題 3 分, 共 15 分 ) Chris is a junior high school student. This year is his third year at school, so he studies and takes a lot of tests every day. Yesterday, he got up at six thirty. 1. having a hot dog and some milk at home, he walked to school. On his way to school, he saw a little boy. The little boy 2. because he was lost and couldn t find his parents. Chris stayed there with the little boy for ten minutes. However, the little boy s parents still didn t show up. Chris then took the little boy to the police station. 3. Chris left the police station, it was nine o clock. He was very worried because he had an English test at 9:10. He ran to school, but he was still late. When he 4. the classroom, his teacher was there and his classmates were taking the test. Chris didn t get a good grade on the test. 5., Chris teacher didn t blame him. That s because before Chris got to school, the police called his teacher. And the boy s parents also went to Chris school and bought a big cake for him. It was really a wonderful experience for him. show up 出現 police station 警察局 leave 離開 (left 為其過去式 ) worried 擔心的 blame 責備 ( ) 1. (A) After (B) Before (C) When (D) Because of ( ) 2. (A) is crying (B) was crying (C) cries (D) cry ( ) 3. (A) After (B) Before (C) When (D) Because ( ) 4. (A) was getting to (B) is getting to (C) gets to (D) got to ( ) 5. (A) In fact (B) However (C) By the way (D) Of course 25