專門替中國人寫的英文基本文法

Transcription

1 1

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6 I am love you. am love I love you. I am in love with you. I love watch television. 6

7 I hate eat fish. I love play basketball. I love swim. to ing I love to swim. I love swimming. I hate to eat fish. I hate eating fish. I love to play basketball. I love playing basketball I keep going to church. 7

8 s. He write very well. Jack love playing the violin. Mary swim every day. He writes very well. Jack loves playing the violin. Mary swims every day. not I not love you. I not saw that movie. I not like swimming. He not likes playing violin. 8

9 I do not love you. I did not see that movie. He does not like playing violin. do did do did do can will would shall may must He can not swim. They will not go to church tomorrow. Mary should not go to the party. I shall not see you. He may not go out tonight. He must not eat meat any more. to have 9

10 I have a dog. He has a dog. have had had go come eat play swim went came ate played swam go drink have walk love like to to go to drink to have to went to drank to loved am are is was were be verb to 10

11 be I want to be a teacher. He wants to be a good father. They all love to be rich. No one likes to be poor. do did Do did does do do can may might will would must He can swim. He does not swim. I do not speak English. You must walk to work every day. I did not work yesterday. You may leave now. I will go to Taipei tomorrow. 11

12 I did not went. He does not goes to work. You must walked to work. have I have been to England. I have slept all day. I have studied English since I was a child. been slept studied past participle How many books you wrote How many sons you have Why do you drink so much water 12

13 How many books did you write How many sons do you have Do you love me Did you go to school yesterday How many books do you have How much money does he have Why don t you go back home Do you like to swim Can you play violin Will you go home tomorrow Would you give me a call verb to be Are you a teacher? Is he a student? Is Mr. Chang your father? Were your mother and father in England last year? 13

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15 verb to be I am You are He She It is We are You are They are I was You were He She It was We were You were They were Verb to have I have You have He She It has We have You have They have I had You had He She It had We had You had They had 1. I am like my parent. 2. He is loves his teacher. 3. He keeps swim every day. 4. He wants drink a glass of water. 15

16 5. He likes play violin. 6. Jack do not love mathematics. 7. Mary hate singing. 8. My mother cook very good food. 9. He want me to see him tomorrow. 10. He not knows my name. 11. I not like you. 12. He not like swimming. 13. You not went home. 14. I not like swimming. 15. I wanted to went to my mother s home. 16. I do not like to swimming. 17. I did not ate dinner. 18. I will not went home. 19. He did not went home. 20. You may leaving now. 21. He can swimming. 22. He does not goes to work. 16

17 2 1 present tense I eat lunch. I eat lunch. I am a student. He is a teacher. He swims every day. Tom works hard He gets up early. Mary loves watching movies. 17

18 It rains often here. I drink a glass of milk every day. I am a Chinese. He speaks English. He drinks tea. I ride a bicycle to school. He rides a bus to go to work. I do not like you. He loves his wife. He obeys the law. I do not like Shakespeare. He does not smoke. He drinks. He sings well. He dances well. He can not swim. He is not a good student. They are all very lazy. The sun rises in the east. 18

19 The earth is round. The moon is a satellite of the earth. America is a large country. The sun never sets at the North Pole in summer. Tree leaves absorb CO 2. The basic principle of computers is Boolean algebra Two points define a line. Three points define a plane. Three of the basic colors are red, yellow and blue

20 verb to be + present participle verb to be ing work working 20

21 go read run play swim sing write eat walk come love like watch smoke going reading running playing swimming singing writing eating walking coming loving liking watching smoking I am watching a movie. I watch movies. 21

22 I watch movies I am loving you. love I am calling my father. He is swimming now. He is playing basketball. They are all eating now. He is walking in the woods now. He is reading a detective novel. Mr. Brown is driving to work. Mrs. Brown is cooking. It is raining now

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25 3 1 I went to see a movie yesterday. I saw your father last night. I met your son last month. I ate three apples this morning. He went to church to pray last night. I love you. I loved you. I loved you I loved you before. But I do not love you now. He was a good boy. 25

26 She was such a nice girl. I go to school yesterday. I see a movie last night. My mother comes to see me last month. I eat three apples this morning. He is happy yesterday. I went to school yesterday. I saw a movie last night. My mother came to see me last month. I ate three apples this morning. He was happy yesterday. 26

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28 work hard

29 3 2 verb to be You were playing basketball when I went to see you yesterday. I was taking a bath when you called. I was watching TV when you came to see me. They were dancing when the teacher came in. They were singing in the station when the train arrived. Mr. Brown was cleaning his house when his son came home read newspaper 3. 29

30 brush my teeth I be a Christian. 2. He be a Catholic when he was a child. 3. I go to see my mother yesterday. 4. I like to play piano. 5. He eat now. 6. It rain now. 7. He walk to school every day. 8. He walk now. 9. He be a good boy. 30

31 10. He swim when I called him. 11. He go to see his mother yesterday. 12. I take a bath when my mother called me. 13. I like to swim. 14. I like to swim when I was young. Now, I don t because I am too old. 15. It rain now. 16. It rain when I drove to work yesterday. 17. It rain last night. 18. It rain very often here. 19. He read a book when I went to see him yesterday. 20. I be a student when I was young. Now I am a teacher. 1. They are driving when I went to see them yesterday. 2. It rained here very often in Taipei. 3. He gives his book to his brother last month. 4. He go to work every morning. 31

32 5. He likes to told stories. 6. I like to went to church. 7. The sun sets now. 8. They are play the piano now. 9. I am love you. 10. He were a good student before. 11. He goes to church last Sunday. 12. It rains last night. 13. I am playing when you called. 14. It is raining when I drove to work last night. 15. He do not know me. 16. I were swimming when my mother came. 17. They is singing now. 18. He do not like to swim. 19. He always wear a black coat. 20. He is watch TV now. 32

33 4 1 Present Perfect Tense verb to have + past participle past participle go went gone come came come see saw seen do did done watch watched watched get got gotten got have had had use used used buy bought bought listen listened listened draw drew drawn paint painted painted leave left left arrive arrived arrived dance danced danced kill killed killed 33

34 write wrote written run ran run swim swam swum snow snowed snowed eat ate eaten love loved loved fly flew flown spread spread spread hit hit hit drink drank drunk take took taken grow grew grown sell sold sold ride rode ridden steal stole stolen break broke broken walk walked walked read read read sing sang sung work worked worked I have read this book. 34

35 I have seen the movie. I have lived here since I have studied English for a long time. He has washed his hands. He has left. He has already completed the report. The storm has arrived. I have taken the job. I have written the letters. I have not seen him since I have never seen this man before. 1. since for I have studied English since I have lived here since

36 3 I have loved rock and roll music since I was a child. 4 Since last year, I have never seen him He has worked here since I have known him for a long time. 7 He has already practiced tennis for the past four years. 8 I have worn this jacket for a very long time. 9 I have driven this car for a long time. 10 It has not rained for a long time

37 1 I have already written the letter. 2 He has already completed the work. 3 I have already tested the program. 4 I have already received your letter. 5 He has already moved to a bigger house. 6 Although he is young, he has already written three novels. 7 I called him twice, he has never answered I have been to America. 2 I have seen President Lee. 3 37

38 I have never danced in my life. 4 I have read The Tale of Two Cities. 5 He has tasted this kind of ice cream. 6 I have never seen snow. 7 Have you ever seen snow? 8 Have you ever climbed Jade Mountain 4. 1 We have already had two typhoons so far this year. 2 He has already published three papers this year. 3 In the past year, I have seen The Titanic three times. 38

39 a I went to America last year. I have been to America. b I saw The Titanic last year. I have seen The Titanic twice. c I finished my homework late last night. I have finally finished my homework. d I studied English when I was a small child. I have studied English since I was a child. e I went to church yesterday. I have never been to church. 1 I have seen the movie last year. 2 I have never been to America last year. 3 He has never finished his work last night. since for already never ever 1 I have already had dinner. 2 Since this summer began, we have already had two storms. 3 It has not rained for a long time. 4 I have never talked to this man before. 5 I have never met your father. 39

40 6 Have you ever been to America? 7 He has already won three awards. 8 I have stayed here since June. Never ever never ever Christian Gone with the Wind 40

41 Gone with the Wind I become a Christian when I was a child. 2. I be a Christian all my life. 3. He live here since

42 4. Stop eating now. You eat too much. 5. It rain last night. 6. John is a writer. He written thirteen novels. 7. Last night, I see your father for the first time in my life. 8. I talk to my father last night. 9. Since 1961, I be a teacher. Before that, I be a student. 10. I read many novels written by Charles Dickens. 4 2 Present Perfect Progressive Tense Since 1974, I have studied English at school. 2 Since I graduated from college, I have worked here. present perfect progressive tense verb to have + been + present participle 42

43 verb to have been present participle I have been studying English since I have been working here since I graduated from college. I have been living here since I was a child. He has been acting like a fool lately. They have been dancing since seven o clock. It has been snowing since yesterday. I have been taking music lessons since last year. He has been drinking heavily since last year do homework 5. 43

44 4 3 Past Perfect Progressive Tense had + past participle A B A B A B 1 He had studied Chinese before he came to Taiwan. 2 He had worked before he decided to go to college. 3 I had been to Ireland before I wrote this book about Ireland's people. 4 I had studied calculus before I got into college. 5 It had already snowed before Monday. verb to have had 44

45 1. I had been watching TV before you called me. 2. I had been working hard in a company for many years before I went to college. 3. He had been studying before he went to class. 4. He had been driving all day before he went to sleep the Bible 4. engineer resign president 8. die

46 piano healthy break out musician

47 soldier He (love) his country. 2. He (love) his country, but now he does not. 3. I (be) a teacher since I (be) a teacher before I went to college. 5. I (read) Shakespeare ever since I was a little girl. 6. When I went to see her yesterday, she (watch) TV. 7. I (see) your father before I saw you. 8. He (read) many detective stories. 9. He (go) to church every Sunday. 10. It (be) a cold day yesterday. 11. It (rain) for the last two days. 47

48 12. I (eat) too much. I am full now. 13. You (be) a nurse before the war broke out. 14. I (have) never (see) you in my life. 15. He (be) a teacher since It (be) good to eat vegetables every day. 17. It (be) so nice to meet you last night. 18. She (be) such a nice girl before she died. 19. Peter (go) to America many times. 20. He (work) hard since last year. He (hope) to succeed in the college entrance examination this time. 48

49 5 1 I will go to America tomorrow. He will dance tonight. Peter will finish his work next month. will verb to be +going to+ verb I am going to go to America tomorrow. He is going to dance tonight. Peter is going to finish his work next month. 1. I will call you tonight. I am going to call you tonight. 2. He will graduate next June. He is going to graduate next June. 3. Mr. Lee will teach us English soon. Mr. Lee is going to teach us English soon. 4. He will help you. 49

50 He is going to help you. 5. The war will break out soon. The war is going to break out soon. 6. It will rain tonight. It is going to rain tonight. will s will will verb to be +going to+ verb verb to infinitive infinitive 1. He wills go to school. 2. He will goes to school. 3. They will went to work tomorrow. 4. Tom is going to saw me tonight. 5. Peter is going to working next month. 1. When you come tomorrow, I will already be in Taipei. 2. After I graduate, I am going to be a good doctor in Africa. 3. Before I leave tomorrow, I will finish my work. 4. After the war is over, every one will be happy. 50

51 5. I will go to a concert after my classes are over. 6. I will eat lunch as soon as I have time. When you will come tomorrow, I will already be in Taipei. After the war will be over, every one will be happy. I will eat lunch as soon as I will have time. will to be going to 1. go to church clean this room

52 1. I (be) in America next year, after I (graduate). 2. I (explain) this to you tonight after I (read) the report. 3. I (see) you tonight. 4. As soon as you (come) to see me, I (give) you my book. 5. When you (arrive) in New York tomorrow, Tom (be) in the airport to meet you. 6. I (go) to church after the rain stops. 7. I (watch) the new TV program after you (leave). 8. When you (get) here tomorrow, everyone (wait) for you. 9. I (get) a job as soon as I get out of college. 10. He (have) dinner very late tomorrow. 11. I (quit) my present job, after I (find) a better one. 5 2 I will be watching TV tomorrow at eight. 52

53 He will be eating a big dinner after he gets out of the hospital. I will be studying mathematics at home when you come. Two days later, I will be driving a new car. I will have finished this work by six o clock tomorrow. By the time he arrives at the station, the train will have left. We will have had three meetings before six o clock tonight. He will have written six novels next summer. 1. I (watch) the baseball game tomorrow night. 2. He (finish) the report when you arrive at his home. 3. I (wash) my car tonight when my mother comes. 4. They (play) their violins when the clock strikes twelve. 5. He (complete) writing this program before ten o clock tonight. 53

54 6. He (be) the president for three years next May. 7. I (wash) my car when you come tonight. 8. I (read) this report before six o clock tomorrow evening. 9. Peter (dance) in the streets if Mr. Robertson is elected president. 10. I (drive) four hundred miles tomorrow car accident

55 1. I (watching) TV now. I (watch) TV every day. 2. He (have) a big dinner before we arrived last night. It (be) a good meal. He seldom (eat) so much. 3. He (work) on this novel for a very long time. By the time he (finish) it, he (written) six novels. 4. I (be) to America several times. I (go) to America again next year. 5. I (live) in Taipei when I was a child. When I was six years old, I (move) to Taiwan and (live) there ever since. 6. He (be) an honest person all his life. That is why so many people (like) him. 7. It (be) my birthday tomorrow. Yet I (have) a test the day after tomorrow. So I (study) in the library tomorrow night. 8. He (be) a strong kid when he was young. Now although he (be) seventy years old, he (be) still quite healthy. 9. I (have) this car for nine years. I (sell) it and (buy) a new one next year. 10. He (take) a bath every morning. Today, since he (get) up very late, he (go) to school directly without taking a bath. 55

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57 6 1 I like music. He loves swimming. They have come to work. Mary went to see a movie yesterday. John is a good boy. I will go to New York tomorrow. He can sing. You may go now. He should sleep early. It is raining now. It rains very often here. He has a lot of money. It is exciting to see this game. I don t like music. He does not love swimming. They have not come to work. Mary did not go to see a movie yesterday. John is not a good boy. I will not go to New York tomorrow. He can not sing. You may not go now. He should not sleep early. It is not raining now. It does not rain very often here. He does not have a lot of money. It is not exciting to see this game. 57

58 He asked me three questions. He did not ask me three questions. 1.Verb to be not He is not a good teacher. Mary was not very happy when she was young. They are not strong boys. Peter is not coming. John is not going to work. 2. not He has not written any letter. They will not come. He cannot swim. They should not cry very often. Tom had not eaten any thing before you came. He may never eat cakes in the future. John has not lived here. 3. do He does not smoke. He did not go. 58

59 I do not love sports. You do not like to eat fish. They do not swim very well. We did not see that movie. have to must have to He has to go to Chicago tomorrow. They had to buy three tickets to go to the concert. I have to work very hard. have to have to do He has to eat a lot of food. He had to leave. I have to write that letter. He does not have to eat a lot of food. He did not have to leave. I do not have to write that letter. 1. I saw your brother last night. 59

60 2. I like apples. 3. She is a beautiful girl. 4. They can play violin very well. 5. Mr. Chang must answer the following questions. 6. He went to see his brother last night. 7. He could sing many songs. 8. He will buy this car. 9. It rained heavily last night. 10. I have lived here for three years. 11. He has to see his mother. 12. He had to stay here yesterday. 6 2 No, Never Any, no never no 1.I saw no students here. 2.There are no lakes in this country. 3.I have no money. 4.I had no choice. 5.He has no friends. 60

61 not not 1.I did not see any student here. 2.We can not find any lake in this country. 3.I do not have any money. 4.I did not have any choice. 5.He does not have any friends. not never never never I have never gone there. He has never written any song. They have never washed their clothes. no not never : 1. I have money. 2. A selfish person does have any friends. 3. man is entirely alone. 4. one is living here. We can get into this house. 5. a single person loves me. 61

62 6. one loves me. 7. The person whom I saw did come. 8. I did go to work yesterday. 9. I had work to do yesterday. 10. I can find any one in this hall. 11. I have gone to America. 12. He has written to me. 62

63 7 1 Yes No Yes No I am a boy. He has a car. I gave him three books. He cannot work. He has not seen me. They like your novel. The sun sets in the west. They are good teachers. Am I a boy? Does he have a car? Did I give him three books? Can he work? Has he seen me? Do They like your novel? Does the sunset in the west? Are they good teachers? He will not go to a concert tonight. Will he go to a concert tonight? He is going to swim. They must eat vegetables. They have to go. Is he going to swim? Must they eat vegetables? Do they have to go? I walked two kilometers yesterday. Did I walk two kilometers yesterday? It is raining now. Is it raining now? 63

64 (1) verb to be You are a girl. He was a teacher. They were all old. This song is beautiful. Peter is a good student. Are you a girl? Was he a teacher? Were they all old? Is this song beautiful? Is Peter a good student? (2) verb to be do I like music. He likes sports. Peter went to America. Do I like music? Does he like sports? Did Peter go to America? He ate three apples last night. Did he eat three apples last night? Her mother calls her every week. Does her mother call her every week? (3) 64

65 He did not eat. He has gone to America. She can dance. I will see you tonight. Did he eat? Has he gone to America? Can she dance? Will I see you tonight? They are going to Washington. Are they going to Washington? Don t you like music? Doesn t he play piano? Aren t you his brother? Isn t he a good student? Didn t he go to school? Hasn t he lived here? Won t he leave tomorrow? 65

66 not yes no Don t you like music? No, I don t like music. Yes, I like music. Isn t he Chinese? 66

67 Yes, he is. No, he isn t. yes no yes no yes no Where did you buy this book? 67

68 Where did you see him? How do you like America? Whom do you like? Which cake do you want? Whose book is this? What kind of method is this? Which country were you born in? Which do you want, an apple or an orange? Whom do you like most, your brother or your sister? Where did you go last night? When did you meet your father? When did you read this book? Whom did you give this book to? Who gave you this car? Who wrote this letter? Who took my pen away? Who wants to go with me? Who can sing this song? 68

69 did you go last night? 2. book do you like? 3. is your brother? 69

70 4. is his name? 5. wrote this letter? 6. did you give this book to? 7. gave you this book? 8. car is this? 9. dog is this? 10. movie did you see? 11. can speak English? 12. did you speak to? 13. kind of car is this? 14. fruit do you like most? 15. does not swim? He was a teacher before. 2. He went to school yesterday. 70

71 3. He hit a dog. 4. I saw you yesterday. 5. He walks to school every day. 6. He sent this book to me. 7. They are good students. 8. He wrote two novels. 9. They ate all of the apples. 10. He swims every morning transitive verbs object He hit a dog. He hit dog I saw you yesterday. I saw you He sent his book to me. He sent his book He wrote two novels. He wrote two novels They ate all of the apples. They ate all of the apples 71

72 active voice passive voice verb to be past participle 3 by I saw a cat. A cat was seen by me. verb to be 72

73 verb to be verb to be I saw two cats. Two cats were seen by me. verb to be active voice Mr. Jones hit the dog. passive voice The dog was hit by Mr. Jones. My brother saw you yesterday. You were seen by my brother yesterday. He sent the book to me. The book was sent to me by him. Dickens wrote those two novels. Those two novels were written by Dickens. They ate all of the apples. Jane wrote that song. My mother loves me. All of the apples were eaten by them. That song was written by Jane. I am loved by my mother. 1. He saw that movie last night. 2. He wrote that letter to me. 73

74 3. He teaches those English classes. 4. God loves you. 5. They bought two houses. 6. I painted this room. 7. He grows those roses. 8. He helps his students. 9. I sold the house. 10.My uncle bought this car. 1. The policeman was seen by me. 2. Those two books were written by me. 3. These sentences were corrected by my teacher. 4. He was hit by a car. 5. His door was locked by me. 6. His house was built by my father. 7. His boat was given to me by my father. 8. This bird is rarely seen by people here. 74

75 9. He is liked by every one. 10.They were given ten dollars by their friends. 11.This picture was taken by him. 12.Too much wine was drunk by the young men. 13.I was taught by Mr. Wang. 14.He was helped by his father. 15.They were served by that waiter. 16.His food was prepared by my mother. 17.His toy was made by my sister. 18.The book was returned to me by Jim. 19.That song was written by my brother. 20.I was invited by him to a party. 8 3 I am writing this letter. The letter is being written by me. 75

76 I have written the letter. The letter has been written by me. I was writing the letter when you came. I had written the letter before you came. I will write the letter. I will have written this letter. The letter was being written by me when you came. The letter had been written by me before you came. The letter will be written by me. This letter will have been written by me. I am going to see you. You are going to be seen by me. I have seen him. He is going to help you. He will teach English. He has helped me all my life. He had called me before you came. He has been seen by me. You are going to be helped by him. English will be taught by him. I have been helped by him all my life. I had been called by him before you came. He was calling his mother when we His mother was being called by him 76

77 went there. when we went there. can should has to verb to be I can play the piano. I may use this room. He must give the book to me. You should help him. You have to write this letter. He ought to write this report. The piano can be played by me. This room may be used by me. The book must be given to me by him. He should be helped by you. This letter has to be written by you. This report ought to be written by him. 1. He has written three novels. 2. He will write that letter. 3. They will sing these songs tomorrow. 4. He will give the speech. 5. They are painting the house. 6. I have given him three books. 77

78 7. I can do this job. 8. He had told me that story before we went there. 9. Teachers should help the students. 10.He is writing the report now. 11.The students must read this book. 12.I have to give this letter to my mother tonight. 13.All citizens ought to obey the law. 14.He has eaten all of the cakes. 15.The reporters were taking pictures when the storm started. 16.He had finished the work before five o'clock last night. 17.Peter will write that letter. 18.John has received my letter. 19.Millions of people saw the movie Gone with the wind. 20.He has proved that theorem. 1. Two books have been written by Joseph. 2. Football is being played by John. 3. He should be given that lecture by his father. 4. That report will be written by him. 5. The letter has been received by the King. 78

79 6. This movie should be seen by every one. 7. This book ought to be read by every student. 8. They are being helped by me. 9. The movie is going to be seen by all of us. 10.This cake can be eaten by kids I did not take this picture. I took this picture. This picture was taken by me. 79

80 This picture was not taken by me. 1. They did not like the music. (a). They liked the music. (b). The music was liked by them. (c). The music was not liked by them. 2. I have not written that letter. (a). I have written that letter. (b). That letter has been written by me. (c). That letter has not been written by me. 80

81 3. You can not eat that cake. (a). You can eat that cake. (b). That cake can be eaten by you. (c). That cake can not be eaten by you. 4. He does not play music. (a). He plays that kind of music. (b). That kind of music is played by him. (c). That kind of music is not played by him. 5. I am not going to see you. (a). I am going to see you. (b). You are going to be seen by me. (c). You are not going to be seen by me. 6. They will not see that movie. (a). They will see that movie. (b). That movie will be seen by them. (c). That movie will not be seen by them. 7. They did not help me. (a). They helped me. (b). I was helped by them. (c). I was not helped by them. 8. I did not tell that story. 81

82 (a). I told that story. (b). That story was told by me. (c). That story was not told by me. They do not enjoy such music. He did not tell that story. They have not written that story. Such music is not enjoyed by them. That story was not told by him. That story has not been told by them. Peter is going to see me. He will not help me. John will not eat that cake. I can not drink that wine. I am not going to be seen by Peter. I will not be helped by him. That cake will not be eaten by John. That wine can not be drunk by me. 1. The farmers here do not grow apples. 2. He did not meet me last night. 3. I have not written that letter. 82

83 4. John is not going to see that movie. 5. I did not watch that movie. 6. He does not speak English. 7. He will not speak English. 8. You should not eat that cake. 9. My mother does not eat that kind of fish. 10.John has not written that report. 1. The book was not written by him. 2. I am not going to be helped by you. 3. That book has not been received by John. 4. That song is not liked by college students. 5. John is not loved by Mary. 6. I will not be met by my student tomorrow. 7. Meat is not eaten by vegetarians. 8. The door was not opened by me. 9. That ten dollars were not paid by me. 10.The car was not bought by me. 83

84 8 5 Do young kids enjoy classical music? Young kids enjoy classical music. Music is enjoyed by young kids. Is music enjoyed by young kids? 1. Did you eat that cake? (a). You ate that cake. (b). That cake was eaten by you. (c). Was that cake eaten by you? 2. Do farmers in Taiwan grow apples? (a)farmers in Taiwan grow apples. (b)apples are grown by farmers in Taiwan. 84

85 (c) Are apples grown by farmers in Taiwan? 3. Have you finished the report? (a) You have finished the report. (b) The report has been finished by you. (c) Has the report been finished by you? 4. When did you write that letter? (a) You wrote that letter. (b) That letter was written by you. (c) When was the letter written by you? 5. Have you seen that movie? (a) You have seen that movie. (b) That movie has been seen by you. (c) Has the movie been seen by you? 6. When did Stevenson write that novel? (a) Stevenson wrote that novel. (b) That novel was written by Stevenson. (c) When was that novel written by Stevenson? 85

86 8. Is he painting his room? (a) He is painting his room. (b) His room is being painted by him. (c) Is his room being painted by him? Does he help his students? Did he tell that story? Has she written that story? Whom is Peter going to visit? When did you read that book? Does he enjoy that song? Why do his friends avoid him? Whom did you see? Has he read that report? Is he writing that letter? Are his students helped by him? Was that story told by him? Has that story been written by her? Who is going to be visited by Peter? When was that book written by you? Is that song enjoyed him? Why is he avoided by his friends? Who was seen by you? Has that report been read by him? Is that letter being written by him? 86

87 1. Is he writing a book? 2. Did he write that book? 3. Did you sign that letter? 4. Where did you see that movie? 5. When did you see that movie? 6. Has he finished that job? 7. Did mother give you the gift? 8. Did your mother visit you last night? 9. Do they grow roses? 10.Do they speak English? 11.Did you play that game of tennis? 12.Will you teach English? 1. Was the cake eaten by you? 2. Is he liked by all of us? 3. Is that kind of music loved by every one in Japan? 87

88 4. Is fish eaten by old people? 5. Are roses loved by most women? 6. Was he called by you? 7. Is soccer played by John? 8. When was this music written by Mozart? 9. When was he seen by you? 10.Were they seen by you last night? 1. I (send) two letters yesterday. (do) you (receive) them? Every letter (write) by me. Please (write) back to me soon. 2. I (invite) to a dancing party last week. The music (be) so noisy. I (leave) the party as early as I (can). 3. Did you (write) that report? Yes, it (write) by me. 4. He (not like) music when he was a child. After he (get) into college, he (teach) by a good music professor. Now, he (enjoy) music very much and (listen) to classical music every morning. 88

89 5. I (buy) a red car yesterday. It (make) in Japan. It will (deliver) to me tomorrow. 6. I (not go) to school yesterday because my bicycle (steal). I (buy) a new bike yesterday. 7. Where (do) you go last night? I (can) not (find) you. You (see) by no one. 8. A: (do) he (smoke)? B: No, he (do not). Smoking has never (try) by him. 9. Was the book (write) by him? 10.I (buy) three books lately. One (write) by Graham Greene. I (finish) reading it. There (be) many interesting stories in it. 1. This is a book which wrote by Dickens. 2. Are the music enjoyed by those elderly people? 3. When are you visited by your father yesterday? 4. This book written by John. 89

90 5. He is invited to come to my home by my father yesterday. 6. This house is built in This letter was wrote by him. 8. This letter has never finished. 9. Was you given a book? 10. I have never called by my father. I always call him first. 90

91 9 1 sing Sing is good for you. I like sing. sing sing gerund infinitive 9 2 Gerund ing I like singing. Playing basketball is good for you. Do you enjoy listening to classical music? Is traveling around the world meaningful to you? 91

92 Studying English is not difficult. 1. Playing tennis is enjoyed by many people. Taking drugs is avoided by most people. Being kind to others is important for every one. Respecting your parents shows good character. 2. I enjoy studying English. He does not mind walking long distances. I have never enjoyed being alone in my life. He loves swimming. 3. preposition at, in, about, of, on on the table in my home about Hitler of my life on this island 92

93 This book is about traveling. He is responsible for cleaning the kitchen. My brother is capable of writing programs. You just keep on going straight. gerund Instead of swimming, he walks every morning. He likes walking in the woods. Are you interested in playing tennis? Loving is to be kind to others. Reading is important to students. In addition to traveling, he also likes reading novels. You will be happy by helping others. He is worried about being late. I finished writing the report yesterday. They thanked me for lending them money. He has never finished writing the novel. She is in change of teaching English in our school. My father objected to my going to the summer camp. 93

94 Please stop joking about my brother. I look forward to seeing you. He has never enjoyed traveling. She was excited about going abroad. I consider gambling a bad thing to do. I have never dreamed of flying an airplane. He suggested talking to our teacher. I believe in doing some kind of exercise every day. Playing the piano is no fun at all. Nancy is accustomed to sleeping late. Are you tired of driving for so long? You should forgive others for doing wrong things. He insists on getting up early every morning. Thank you for participating in my concert. He is used to studying alone. They are not used to speaking English. He is accustomed to being polite to others. I object to seeing dirty movies. You should take advantage of studying in such a good place. 94

95 1. Play tennis is fun. 2. I hate swim. 3. Stop talk about me. 4. In addition to read interesting books, you should also watch TV from time to time. 5. I am not interested in swim. 6. He talks about go to America. 7. I believe in do exercise every day. 8. The cost of transfer a student to another school is very high. 9. Please forgive me for make this mistake. 10. Swim keeps me from getting cold. 1. I am interested (listen) to music. 2. Please forgive me (be) so late. 3. In addition (study), you should also have some exercises every day. 4. We talked (build) a house next year. 5. Thank you (help) me. 95

96 6. He is excited (travel) to Japan. 7. I am looking forward (meet) you. 8. He insists (talk) to me personally. 9. I believe (exercise) every day. 10. Did you participate that (swim) match. 11. He was not used (listen) to classic music. 12. My mother objected (visit) my aunt tomorrow. 13. I am not accustomed (go) to bed so late. 14. I am interested (swim). 15. Are you responsible (write) this report? 16. He is excited (see) me tomorrow. 17. He is looking forward (see) that movie. 18. I am not used (hear) that kind of noise. 19. You should take advantage (have) such a good family. 20.He is in charge (send) students to other schools. 96

97 talk about 5. be not used to 6. object to cry in public 7. in addition to 8. be capable of 9. be in charge of 10. be accustomed to 9 3 Infinitives to go, love, eat To love is to forgive. To forgive your enemies will make you happy. I like to eat chicken. I asked my brother to come here. 97

98 He continued to read. I am interested in to play piano. He is worried about to go abroad. I am in charge of to prepare for the party. 1. To play tennis is great fun. To play safe in the stock market is necessary. To be kind to others is important for every one. To respect your parents shows good character. 2. I like to swim. He loves to listen to jokes. My brother seems to be different. I agree to lend him money. Do you like to sing? 3. 98

99 verb pronoun infinitive I told him to work hard. I asked my brother to come back home. He expects his friends to help him. My teacher told me to wait for him. I invited my sister to go to see a movie. 4. He was told to work hard. My brother was asked to come back home. His friend is expected to help me. I was told by my teacher to wait. My sister was invited to go to see a movie. To give is more meaningful than to receive. I love to swim in cold weather. He agreed to listen to my story. He decided to go anyway. I told him to buy my book. 99

100 I invited him to come to my house. I asked him to cook for me tonight. Students are asked to work hard. He needs to work hard. I want you to send this letter to my father. He requires every student to read one novel every week. Every student is required to read one novel every week. love, like, hate, start, begin, Enjoy Appreciate Avoid keep on keep consider finish I enjoy eating good food. I appreciate your being kind to others. You should avoid making mistakes. Keep on working hard. Keep singing. He considered leaving home. He finished writing this book. 100

101 suggest discuss May I suggest drinking a cup of coffee? We discussed traveling to New Zealand. agree plan want decide seem appear I agree to sign this letter. He plans to go away. They want to rent a car. He decided to work hard. He seems to be very happy. He appears to be very sad. stop stop smoking stop to smoke 9 4 Everyone likes to be loved. This cup needs to be washed. Being trusted is important. I told him not to leave this house. He asked me not to cry. 101

102 I was told not to fall asleep in class. To be given a good gift on Christmas Eve makes me happy. Being invited to that party is a great honor to me. 1. I enjoy (listen) to rock and roll music. 2. I asked him (go) away. 3. He was asked (leave). 4. I suggest (have) some fun. 5. He seems (be) a kind person. 6. You appear (be) quite tired. 7. I told him (have) a cup of wine. 8. I invited him (come) over. 9. Every one of you is required (work) hard. 10. Do you like (swim)? 11. I ordered him (read) my book. 12. I was expected (write) a letter to you. 13. He asked me (read) this letter to him. 14. Please keep (talk) to me. 15. Stop (drive) so fast. It is dangerous to drive too fast. 16. I hate (smoke). 17. (pass) the test is important. 102

103 18. (work) hard is the key to success. 19. My wife asked me to (bring) some flowers home. 20. He avoided (tell) lies. 1. invite 2. teach hate 5. avoid 6. stop gerund infinitive 7. expect 8. require 9 5 to let I let him to leave. I let him leave. I made him to work hard. 103

104 I made him work hard. to let make have see hear watch notice My mother let me watch TV tonight. He makes his students respect teachers. He had his sons clean their rooms. I saw him run away. I heard the birds sing. I watched the kids play. I noticed her cry. to He made his son ran away from home. I saw him walked away.. I have never heard him sang any song. Help to I helped him wash his car. I helped him to wash his car. 104

105 1. He lets his son to drive his car. 2. He made me felt happy. 3. I made my friend to discuss his problem with me. 4. I had my son to get up early every morning. 5. I helped my father painted his house. 6. I had my brother to carry this heavy luggage for me. 7. I had Mary to marry me. 8. This song makes everyone to cry. 9. I helped Nancy worked hard. 10. He made us to believe him. 11. I saw him to play. 12. I heard Mary sang several songs. 13. I watched her to swim. 14. I saw the birds to fly away. 105

106 a smile face a run boy smile cry People live in Taiwan are rich. People are live in Taiwan people live participle infinitive present participle past participle 106

107 10 1 present participle ing present participle laughing crying walking swimming running a crying baby a smiling girl an exciting story running water a running boy a rising star a person walking in the woods the young man running very fast 107

108 people living in Taiwan the person driving that red car the singer singing the national anthem the boys playing in the fields the young boy swimming in the pool We have a crying baby here. Seeing is believing. believing seeing Loving is forgiving. He always wears a smiling face. Running water is important for mankind. Look at the rising sun. The person swimming in that cold river is quite strong. The young man driving the red car is rich. Those boys playing basketball are happy. This movie is exciting. This news is very upsetting. This story is troubling. The young boy swimming in the pool is my brother. 108

109 People living in the United States consume more energy than other people. The person painting the house there is from Mexico. She has a loving husband. He is a rising star boring dying 10 2 past participle 109

110 a broken window a fallen angel a fallen star a depressed person a much appreciated action a developing country a developed country 1. (a) This book is interesting. (b) I am interested in this book. 2. (a) This is a depressing movie. (b) I felt very much depressed after seeing that movie. 3. (a) 110

111 The result is frustrating. (b) He was frustrated because of the result. 4. (a) This news is really upsetting. (b) They are all upset. 5. (a) John s progress is encouraging. (b) I am encouraged by John s progress. 6. (a) The water is boiling. (b) This is boiled water. 7.(a) This news is surprising. (b) I was surprised by the news. 8. (a) His words are confusing. 111

112 (b) He is a confused person. His statements are confused to me. I am interesting in music. He is an interested person. This is indeed a surprised news. This news is encouraged. His statements are confusing. I am interested in music. He is an interesting person. This is indeed a surprising news. This news is encouraging. America is a developed country. I found that dog killed in a car accident. The frustrated student needs help. I want the report completed before midnight. 112

113 He is totally depressed. They are all frustrated. The car driven by that young man is a Cadillac. Charles Dickens. This book, read by almost every one, was written by This is still an unrealized dream. Are you interested in music? I am really surprised to meet you. I was excited by his arrival. The girl dressed in white is from Japan. A depressed person needs love from others. Millions got killed in the Second World War. He is a troubled child who needs advice. I have a broken leg. Broken glass is all over the place. He is suffered. 113

114 This article will be appeared in the next issue of Science. He suffers. This article will appear in the next issue of Science break down get killed He is totally (confuse). 114

115 2. I am (interest) in seeing that movie. 3. This movie is really (excite). 4. That is a (break) promise. 5. He has a (break) arm. 6. Their marriage was (break) up. 7. Justice is still not a (realize) dream. 8. He is a (depress) person. 9. The bicycle (ride) by the young kid is mine. 10. I do not like to see any person (injure). 11. I was very much (surprise) to hear that news. 12. His statements are (encourage). 13. The man (talk) about Hitler is a professor. 14. The man (pilot) the airplane is quite young. 15. The company (manage) by Mr. Lee is getting better and better. 16. Poor John now has a (break) heart. 17. There are boys and girls (dance) in the garden. 18. The (steal) jacket has been found. 19. The boy (laugh) there is not my son. 20. He has a (smile) face. 115

116 21. This is indeed very (excite). 22. This song, (hear) by almost everyone, was written by me. 23. I don't like the song (write) by the Beatles. 24. She is a (care) woman Infinitives You don't have the right to talk so loudly. He is to blame. To see is to believe. To see to believe My job is to teach poor kids to learn. We all have the duty to serve our country. He has a talent to sing. I don't have time to play. He is a person to be liked by us all. This is a book to be read by all students. He has no money to spend. 116

117 This is not a good place for kids to grow up in. This law is to protect innocent citizens. I am glad to see you. He is ready to start a war. He is rich enough to buy the entire building. They are afraid to die. He has no right to kill anyone. John is too weak to do this job. My mother is too old to drive a car. It is easy to fall behind in school remain silent

118 5. 6. too..to enough..to surprised to

119 Phrases Clauses 1. Understanding English is easy. 2. I want you to work hard. 3. Peter, who has been to England, speaks good English. 4. I told him that I was going away. Understanding English to work hard phrase Who has been to England I was going away clause 11 1 who, where, whether, which I don't know where he came from. Whether or not he is an American is still a secret. I will find out where he is living. I can not remember whether he smokes or not. 119

120 Please let me know how old he is. Kindly tell me what you really need. You have to decide which book you want to buy. Do you know where he is from? Do you know who he is? Please ask your brother whether he is coming or not. When she is coming remains a puzzle. I don't know what he is interested in. I don't understand what he is talking about. Do you know whose bicycle this is? Do you know which country Hawaii belongs to? You should ask your mother where you were born. I don't know where did he come from. I will find out how old is he. 120

121 Kindly tell me what do you need. You have to decide which book do you want to buy. When is he coming remains a puzzle puzzle

122 Please tell me why is he so sad. 2. I do not know where is she from. 3. Please tell me how many people are there in this house. 4. Let me know how old are you. 5. Is he a Japanese is a mystery. 6. Do you know who is the president of the United States? 7. May I ask you which kind of coffee do you like? 8. I can not remember how old am I? 9. What is he talking about is unclear to me. 10. Do you know why is he coming? whether, which, what, who, how, when, why 122

123 1. I don't know book you bought. 2. Do you know he is from? 3. Please ask him he drinks tea or not. 4. he is thinking about is well known to all of us. 5. Let me guess old you are. 6. May I ask you are so sad? 7. I don't know he is. 8. Do you know house this is? 9. This is not I want. 10. I don't care you want to say that The earth is round is known to everyone. that 123

124 That the earth is round is known to everyone. I demand he must work hard. that I demand that he must work hard. that that That the sun rises from the west is wrong. That a lot of Jews were killed during the Second World War is now a historical fact. I didn't know that he is such a diligent student. I demand that you go away. I suggest that you go swimming every morning. 124

125 That we should all respect our parents should be taught to our kids. I don't think that he is a good athlete. Do you think that she is a good actress? That he can speak good English helps him. I propose that we get married. Let us always remember that there are a lot of poor people in the world. Never forget that we should always love one another. I am surprised to find out that he is a Catholic. That we lost the game made all of us frustrated. I can hardly believe that his English is so good. 125

126 that 1. I told you you must leave. 2. I am glad you are here now. 3. He is an American is unknown to us. 4. Can you imagine he is Chinese? 5. Do you think he is a Chinese? 6. Hitler was defeated in the Second World War is an important event in the history of mankind. 7. I do not think he is a bad student. 8. I am surprised to know she is from Japan. 9. It is hard to imagine he does not have a high school diploma. 10. Do you believe he is innocent? 11. I demand my students they work hard. 12. The sun rises in the east is a fact. that

127 2. advice speak English 7. make me angry

128 Adjective Clauses The person live in that house is my brother live in the house living in the house The person living in the house is my brother. living in the house The person who lives in the house is my brother. who lives in the house The person pronoun who, when, where, whom 128

129 The people who live in the country are often very healthy. Do you like people who always talk about themselves. The house which we bought last year is located beside a lake. I met your uncle who has a red car. Do you know the author who wrote this novel? I have been to the house where Charles Dickens lived. I don't remember the year when the Second World War broke out. Let me know the date when you got married. I bought the car which Michael Johnson drove. The storm which hit India last week is very strong. 129