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1900-1949
I. 1 II. 2 III. 16 IV. 20 I. 29 II. 30 III. 34 IV. 39 V. vs 48 I. 58 II. 60 III. 71 i
I. 86 II. 89 III. 96 I. 105 II. 108 112 117 118 119 122 127 ii
iii
I. 1
II. 1988: 42 ( 1906 ) ( 1906 ) 1984: 12 2
1984: 40 Bernel 1976: 11 3
(domestication) (foreignization) (Lawrence Venuti) Derrida 1 différance (Venuti 1995 17-8)( ) 4
5
( ) 6
1983: 32 7
Terrell Carver Re-translating the Manifesto: New Histories, New Ideas negotiate [ ] (Carver 1998: 51) 8
discursive condition dialogical community 9
/ / context of uncertainty Carver 1998: 61 10
2 11
121-124 Bernal 1976: 25 12
League of the Just Joseph Moll Blanqui Barbès All men are brothers Proletarians of all countries unite! 13
Communist League Sam Moore 1992: viii-x 1984: 30 14
1996: 239 1990: 55-7 15
III. (Foucault) (Foucault1977 142) 3 Federico Masini 16
1997: 97 1997: x 17
personal property real property animals plants 18
1997: 54 1997: 29 19
( ) IV. 20
21
/ 22
( 1950: 6) 1950: 6 (Spivak) 23
24
1984: 261 [ ] 1950: 364 25
1950: 366 [ ] 1950:366-367 26
[ ] ( 1950: 430) 27
1 Derrida, Diffé Margins of Philosophy:3-27,University of Chicago, Chicago 2 1990: 100 3 However, if the genealogist refuses to extend his faith in metaphysics, if he listens to history, he finds that there is something altogether different behind things: not a timeless and essential secret that they have no essence or that their essence was fabricated in a piecemeal fashion from alien forms. Examining the history of reason, he learns that it was born in an altogether reasonable fashion from chance; What is found at the historical beginning of things is not the inviolable identity of their origin; it is the dissension of other things. It is disparity. (Foucault 1977: 142) 28
I. 29
discourse II. Terrell Carver 30
1 31
2 1905 1905 3 1998: 929 1969: 11 32
1990: 101 4 33
(horizon) III. 34
35
(worker) capital 1985: 409 Shihon Liu 1995: 307 5 6 36
7 [ ] ( 1906 1 ) 1984: 18 37
( ) 1984: 18 38
IV. Progressive abstufe Steueru Wagner Kon Maculloch Beaulieu Hermann Gneist 39
( ) 1984: 12-4 40
1984: 15 1996: 284 ( ) 41
according to a common plan common bourgeois proletariat 42
Bernal 1985: 123 Bernal 1985: 121 43
Bernal 1985: 123-4 Bernal 1985: 129 Bernal 1985: 129 Bernal 1985: 129-30 44
( 1906 6 ) 1984: 58 45
Neocleous 1998: 107-8 46
( ) ( 1906 5 ) 1984: 44-5 47
V. vs 48
1984: 60 bourgeois proletarians ( 1906 6 ) 1984: 60 49
10 bourgeois proletariat [ ] 50
1 ) 1984: 16 ( 1906 51
bourgeois proletariat 52
( ) 1984: 16 53
( 1906 5 ) 1984: 51 1984 53 54
55
1 2 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 17 58 67 34 21 53 75 73 52 55 17 13 31 30 14 12 29 15 16 26 59 32 56 67 170 157 74 131 234 102 1998 957 3 4 T. D. Woolsey Communism and Socialism 1988: 31-32 56
5 6 7 (Guild system) 1978: 209) 8 9 10 ( 1994: 232-3) 57
I. 1984: 277 58
1984: 277 1983: 18 59
II. condition of possibility Claude Lefort 1988 Communist Manifesto 1978: 293, 398 Preface to A Critique of Political 60
Economy political economy modern Japanese loanword economy Liu 1995: 260, 315 1 61
(Basis) (Uberbau) [ ] 1920 1978: 293 62
Democracy 1923 1 1978: 408 1978: 407 411 1978: 1978: 411 63
1978: 412 (Free consent) 1978: 427 1920 1 1 1978: 296 64
1978: 296 1919 9 15 1978: 236 1978: 236 1978: 236-7 65
237-8 1978: ( ) ( ) 66
1978: 146-7 1919 2 20-23 Communist Manifesto (Lefort) Communist Manifesto Communist Manifesto Lefort 1988:153-5 Communist Manifesto (Communists) 67
Lefort 1998: 155 2 (Lefort 1988:155) Communist Manifesto 68
Lefort 1988:158-9 1918 5 15 1978: 97 69
1978: 98 1978: 98-9 III. bourgeoisie proletariat 1919 3 14-16 70
1978: 160 1919 9 15 1978: 236 1920 1 18 1978: 305 71
1925 12 30 1978: 525 1919 5 11 1978: 209 Communist Manifesto 72
73
3 1919 5 11 1978: 182-4 new conditions of oppression Sam Moore, 1992 mode of production 74
1922 2 21-23 1978: 373 [ ] 1919 7 6 1978: 223 (means of production) 75
1916 9 1 1978: 75 1978: 75 1922 2 21-23 1978: 76
371-2 1919 5 11 1978: 209 1978: 373 Lefort 1986: 165 77
Lefort 1986: 142-51 free labour Lefort 1986: 142 Lefort 1986: 142 Lefort 1986: 142-3 78
1922 2 21-23 1978: 376 79
1 15 1978: 304 1920 1923 1 1978: 416 80
Lefort 1986: 14, 168, 176 Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, Lefort 1986: 176 4 5 81
1 2 ( 1888 )( 1992: 39) 3 Dirlik ( 1985 ) Dirlik 4 5 1920 12 1 1978: 337 1978: 338 1978: 338 82
I. 1 86
Kautsky 87
1988 13 1988: 13 88
2 II. 1935 89
1935 5 1980: 632-3 1996: 30 3 90
1996: 40-1 91
Marx 1998c: 19 92
93
7 1980: 47 1920 12 1980 47-48 94
1921 5 9 1 1921 5 1980: 70-1 95
1980: 66-7 4 III. ( ) ( ) 96
1923 5 15 1980: 204 ( 1980: 204-205) 1992: 38 [ ] In depicting the most general phases of the development of the proletariat, we traced the more or less veiled civil war, raging within existing society, up to the point where that war breaks out into open revolution, and where the 97
violent overthrow of the bourgeoisie lays the foundation for the sway of the proletariat. (Marx and Engels, 1998a: 14-5) the more or less veiled civil war raging within existing society Neocleous 1998: 107-8 98
1992: 39 99
1996: 12-3 100
1926 6 1980: 268 101
1921 6 1980: 93-4 ( ) 5 102
1922 7 1980: 133 1 3 2 1985: 30-1 3 The bourgeoisie, by the rapid improvement of all instruments of production, by the immensely facilitated means of communication, draws all, even the most barbarian, nations into civilization. The cheap prices of its commodities are the heavy artillery with which it batters down all Chinese walls, with which it forces the barbarians intensely obstinate hatred of foreigners to capitulate. It compels all nations, on pain of extinction, to adopt the bourgeois mode of production; it compels them to introduce what it calls civilization into their midst, i.e., to become bourgeois themselves. In one word, it creates a world after its own image. (Marx and Engles, 1998a:7) 4 ( 1998: 442-50) 1921 1 ( 1980: 38-9) 5 103
1926 6 1980: 320-1 104
I. 105
106
107
II. (situated reading) 108
1900 1920 André Lefevere 1 (Lefevere 1992 2) 109
2 ( ) ( ) 110
1 Translation has to do with authority and legitimacy and, ultimately, with power, which is precisely why it has been and continues to be the subject of so many acrimonious debates. Translation is not just a window opened on another world, or some such pious platitude. Rather, translation is a channel opened, often not without a certain reluctance, through which foreign influences can penetrate the native culture, challenge it, and even contribute to subverting it. When you offer a translation to a nation, says Victor Hugo, that nation will almost always look on the translation as an act of violence against itself. (Lefevere 1992:2) 2 111
1899 121 123 1903 1905 1906 5 9 1907 13-14 1908 15 1888 16-19 112
1912 2 ( [ ] ) 1919 16 6 5 ( ) 6 5 6 2 1 1920 113
1926 1921 1929-1936 1930 1872 1883 1890 1938 1939 7 1943 114
1882 1948-1949 1948 49 1953 135 1954 1958 1958 11 1964 1972 1971 5 1971 10 12 115
1973 9 1974 9 1975 8 1975 1978 116
1906 1 4 5 6 117
1916 9 1 1918 5 15 1919 2 20-23 3 14-16 5 11 7 6 9 15 1920 1 1 1 15 1 18 1922 2 21-23 1923 1 1925 12 30 118
1921 ( ) ( ) Hermann Gorter 1922 119
1923 1924 1928 1929 ( ) 1930 ( ( ) ( ) 1932 ( ) ( ) 1938 ( ) 120
121 1988: 324-40
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[ ] 1994 1911-1937 1974 M 1996 1993 1983 1991 1993 1995 1990 1996 1991 1987 1998 1998 127
1988 1983 1982 1980 1991 1999 1985 1984 1980 1989 1996 1978 1997 1920~1925 1996 1999 128
129 1980 1991 1990 1997 1896-1996 1995 1995 7 71-6 1996 1984 1992 1995 1983 1991 1998 1985 1969 1998 1997 100
1995 1999 1996 1998 925-1023 1975 1996 1984 1998 1994 1983 10-35 1998 1996 1984 1998 130
2000 1999 2000 1989 1989 1997 1950 1987 1992 1996 1998 1987 1990 1975 1997 131
1999 1997 1990 93-105 1996 1985 1997 1988 1993 1997 1995 1995 1989 1998 20 1994 132
1997 1998 133