115 (1) (2) (3) (4)
116 The Establishment of the Szechwan Opium Prohibition Office and Its Official Functions and Business Activities Abstract Wen-yuan Chu * Szechwan Opium Prohibition Office was a subordinate organization to the Central Executive Yuan. The establishment of the Office was meant to coordinate the many opium prohibition offices within the province of Szechwan, to utilize the efforts from all directions to exterminate opium nurseries in the fields and opium houses in the street, to penalize opium eaters so as to eradicate the opium disasters. This paper addresses the following questions:(1)what is the motivation for setting up the Office? (2) Why were its staff members not officially evaluated and employed?(3)how was its budgets accrued and how were they used?(4) Why did the Office fail in opium prohibition? As a temporary organization, Szechwan Opium Prohibition Office had been infused with more than thousands of people, but had achieved very little compared to the ultimate goal of eradicating opium from the province completely. Why? First, the many areas in southern and western Szechwan were mountainous and it was extremely difficult to destroy opium nurseries as opium planting meant profits to the local ignorant people. Secondly, it was also difficult to investigate and control opium smoking as local war lords saw it as a profitable business and were unwilling to cooperate. Furthermore, the government did not provide an alternative for the farmers. In a word, the prohibition of the opium was a great task that required the efforts of the government as well as the general public. Key words: Opium prohibition, Szechwan, the Central Executive Yuan, Chiang Kai-shek * Senior Researcher, Academia Historica
117 * ** 28 12-29 10 1 (1) (2) * ** 1 2003 10 28 2004 5 5 05.7/24 160/0771
118 (3) (4) 2 24 29 1937-1945 2
119 7 1729 19 1 251839 3 10 20,2834 226 3 2,0001,500 3 4,000 1,800 698,897 4 3 4 21 11 1720
120 1 4 19257 1 17 7 18 9 17 17 960 1: 96,272,000 8,000,000 8.31% 27,125,000 600,000 2.21% 23,000,000 1,000,000 4.35% 146,397,000 9,600,000 6.56% 1911-1940 70 6 143-144 18 1822 11.2% 18.8% 5 140 3 5 6 5 6 60 198 15664 8 3
121 7 21 1143 8 24 3 10 9 5 9 10 9 1 11 25 7 3 12 9 26 13 10 2 7 2429 75 329 8 9 224 3 1120-21 10 2429 13164 10 124 11 63 12599 12 631 13 5825 10 110
122 14 27 2 15 15 3 4 16 5 17 28 4 18 1. 2. 18 7 10 19 9 5 14 6225 11 11 19 15 12227 2144 27 2 1 3 10827 2 125 16 04.10/116 160/0755 17 27 3 314 23 4 18 3928 5 1 19 05.7/18
123 20 21 10 22 10 15 29 23 24 叁 28 12 2 8773 20 28 7 10 21528 8 112-3 2429 494-497 21 29 9 3 7 9 5 6 9 6 7 22 28 10 17 8 23 178 24 178-179
124 25 12 16 2 26 12 1 2-3 1 1 152-3 1 1 5-7 3-5 1 27 25 0233.10/6022.01-01 7/1609 26 28 12 811 8 13 3 17 8 29 1 13 7 27 05.7/24 160/0774-75
125 2 1 400 1 218 26050 2 436 26050 14 1,484 10 620 2 160 2 140 4 120 6 100 50 5 70 5 60 50 10 500 50 8 108 152 13 6 46 3,766 1 400 1 218 26050 2 436 26050
126 20 2,184 14 868 4 160 4 140 4 120 8 100 50 7 70 7 60 50 10 500 50 8 108 152 13 6 56 4,914 1 400 400 6 1,390 14 1,484 8 496 300 26050 160 140 120 100 50 7 0 6 0 5 0 5 250 50
127 20 276 158 13 12 54 4,296 1 400 200 200 7 1,280 5 420 3200 2 160 2 14080 1 1 2 0 2 80 2 70 3 150 50 4 170 1 50 340 4 56 152 13 2 24 2,476 1 400 200 200 1 200 3 480 8 800 8 960 2 100
128 3 120 26 3,060 1 500 300 200 1 218 26050 3 366 1160 1140 1120 50 1 66 7050 2 100 50 1 2 28 151 13 1 10 1,278 1 230 25050 4 596 16050 6 894 16050 10 1,310 14050 8 976 13050 3 339 12050
129 3 312 11050 6 570 10050 3 258 9050 3 231 8050 6 408 7050 3 177 6050 3 150 50 8 400 50 8 360 405 4 180 405 4 160 355 6 210 305 6 180 255 95 7,941 311 27,731 0233.10/6022.01-01 7/1614-21 95
130 3 260 260 160 140 160 140 120 100 70 60 200 160 140 120 80 70 160 120 100 140 120 100 063/1797 28 11 30
131 28 29 30 1 1013-6 76 31 4 1 300 300 1 200 200 2 180 /160 340 10 160 1,600 1 100 100 6 80 480 7 50 350 6 30 180 12 12 144 46 3,694 600 1,200 1 1 8 0 1 160 6 0 0 28 184 29 3 3132-33 29 29 1 57 5 30 31
132 5,494 1. 300 2.7 6 2 3 0233.10/6022.01-01 7/1668 13 495 12128 24356 1321,057 2 2 29 3 32 29 10 29 5 32 063/1797
133 33 29 6 22 7420 34 7 1715320 35 (1) (2) (3) 29 10 33 34 29 6 22 063/1797 35
134 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 36 29 2 9 37 36 29 1 13 7 37 05.7/24 160/0771-76
135 5 46 1. 2. 3. 56 1. 2. 3. 4. 54 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 24 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 26 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 29 2 9 2. 216 95 311 0233.10/6022.01-01 7/1664
136 29 3 26 38 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 184 38 18429 3 3132-33
137 29 3 3132-33 45 39 28 7 9 5 12 16 39 05.7/18
138 7 26,985 13,060 400 8,245 48,690 1. 2. 48,690 15,000 33,690 0233.10/6022.01-01 7/1625
139 8 29 1 15,450 11,640 400 3,700 31,190 1. 2.29 2345 630,3587 31,8088 33,3089 35,80810 39,360 3. 29 11 2,768 0233.10/6022.01-01 7/1717 9 40,421 1. 2.29 12345 678910 32,092 3.29 4,559.26 4.29 11741 8,826 3,226 1,700 2,100 1,800 5,920 4,320 1,600 23,675
140 15,400 2,200 6,075 2,000 2,000 0233.10/6022.01-01 7/1635 10 600 3,864 900 1,500 6,864 1. 2. 6,864 0233.10/6022.01-01 7/1643 11 1,600 5,120 1,600 2,400 10,720 1. 2. 0233.10/6022.01-01 7/1649
141 12 12,656 2,400 6,080 2,000 23,136 0233.10/6022.01-01 7/1704 1329 6 130 2,160 460 2,750 0233.10/6022.01-03 7/2088 14 700.00 427.50 1,127.50 0233.10/6022.01-03 7/2103 29 3 22201 3,225.80
142 40 3 26 6004 41 15 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3,225.80 960.70 960.70 1,200.00 300 465.10 465.10 400.00 100 200.00 200 0233.10/6022.02-01 8/0080 68 15,000 28 11 1314589 40,421 611 87,021 54.04% 42 40 0233.10/6022.02-01 8/0076-77 41 0233.10/6022.02-01 8/0087 42 0233.10/6022.01-01 7/1609-11
143 48,690 15,000 4,420 2,000 27,270 5,154 1 1 43 13 1,127.50 700 427.50 44 28 929 10 1,929,461.57 34,007.66 1,963,469.231,491,791.84 471,677.39 900,000 45 16,967.07 9,286.00 46 471,677.39 43 0233.10/6022.01-01 7/1684-88 44 29 10 310233.10/6022.01-03 7/2101-02 45 0233.10/6022.01-03 7/2147-57 46 0233.10/6022.01-03 7/2212-21
144 1,200,000 47 1,200,000 29 4 10 48 29 10 47 30 5 70233.10/6022.01-03 7/2176-80 48 30 6 25 0233.10/6022.01-03 7/2183-86
145 28 8 8 1 49 50 2829 49 28 9 13 2 50 28 11 9 8
146 51 10 52 16 3-170.4/28 29 3 33014 16 4 51 164 165 166 28 9 13040 52 28 10 17 8 53 2824 12 1105-106
147 24 53 28 3 7 54 28 10 2 (1) (2)28 9 1 10 15 (3) (4) (5) 55 28 12 54 14628 3 11 10-15 55 8-170.6
148 10 8 56 (1) (2) (3)(4) 57 (1)(2) (3) 29 3 58 59 56 28 4 13 7 57 58 170.6/17 59 28 11 9 7
149 17 1937-1945 72 6 75-76 28 12 5 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 29 1 8 60 28 12 26 6 61 29 1 8 6 62 29 1 11 6 63 29 1 13 6 64 29 1 15 7 65 29 1 13 7 66 28 12 26 5 67 28 12 26 5 68 29 1 26 6 69 29 1 13 7 70 29 1 13 6
150 71 3 1 72 29 1 73 10 74 18 29 1 10 5 71 17629 1 1112 72 3-170.6/1 73 29 1 11 5 74 29 1 10 5
151 29 1 2 19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 3-170.6/10 29 3 3 75 29 728 29 5 15 76 1. 75 29 4 2 0233.10/6022.02-02 8/0200-01 76 2 9 7 3 1 6 1937-1945 72 6 125
152 31 2. 65 3. 38,682 4. 25,314,200 5.1534 6.14448 72 (1) 菓 (2) 77 1. 28 10 10 31 77 28 6 3 2
153 29 78 (1) 28 10 20 29 3 29 6 29 9 10 (2) (3) (4) (5) 79 (6) 28 78 3-170.4/4 79 3-170.4/4
154 20 3,255 2,964 3,119 3,340 5,206 3,211 21,095 29 1 17 6 1 20 5 29 1 7 6 1 14 6 2.29 1 8 (1)(2) 22 3(3) (4) (5) 80 29 2 1 3 80 29 1 9 2
155 81 82 29 2 83 (1) 29 3 (2) 29 3 (3) 29 3 84 29 1 17 85 3.28 1 16 86 81 29 1 17 7 82 3-170.4/26 83 3-170.4/26 84 29 1 8 8 85 17729 1 102018-19 86 1828 2 1 1-2
156 28 10 2 87 88 4. 29 29 5 8 89 (1) 29 9 29 12 30 6 30 1231 (2) (3) 87 219 20 21 28 11 118-20 88 18-20 89 3-170.4/12
157 (4) 29 7 21 90 91 28 29 628 1 10 92 3 9 90 29 7 22 7 91 29 8 1618 4 92 14028 1 11 33-34
158 93 28 11 16 94 95 96 28 12 18763 (1) (2)28 (3)29 3 3 97 29 1 11 98 (1) 93 140 28 1 1111 94 95 1937-1945127 96 3-170.4/26 97 98 3-170.4/26
159 28 12 (2) 10 (3) 29 1 (4) 28 12 29 2 1 99 (1) (2) (3) 99 3-170.4/14
160 29 10 29 11 1 100 101 2933,000 8,300 4959 4,900 102 (1) 239,656(2)33,695(3)3,462 100 05.7/26 160/0786-87 101 29 9 10 3 102 30 1 7 7
161 3 (1) 41 83,431,218(2)49(3) 41(4)16 34 29(1) 104(2) 400(3) 595,417 28 29 3 29 (1) 4,913(2) 51(3) 204,310 29 10
162 103 04.10/116 05.7/18 05.7/24 05.7/26 103 30 1 8 7
163 0233.10/6022.01-01 0233.10/6022.01-01 0233.10/6022.01-03 0233.10/6022.01-03 0233.10/6022.01-03 0233.10/6022.02-02 063/1797 063/1797 170.6/17 3-170.4/4 3-170.4/12 3-170.4/14 3-170.4/26 3-170.4/26 3-170.4/26 3-170.6/1 28 2 5 8 11 24 329 3
164 21 11 27 2 28 6 27 2 3 28 930 1 29 1 8 29 1 9 60 64 10 63 12 24-29 75 3 1937-1945 72 6 21 11 1720 156 64 8