1.2.2...3.3.4.6.7.8...9..9 14 15.17.18 18 19 21 26 28 93 98.33 37 40 40 41
2-1..10 2-2 11 2-3 Hellriegel 12 4-1.18 4-2.19 4-3.19 4-4 20 4-5 93-98..35 4-6 93-98..35 4-7 93-98..35 4-8 981-8..35 1-1..6 1-2..8 1-3..9 4-1 93-98.36 2
3
4
5 1. 2. 3.
6 1 4 1-1 () 1-1
9 1-2 9 7
1-2 1-3 1-3 8 8
1-3 1999 Selye Selye1956 2-1 9
2-1 1 Selye 1956 2 Blau 1981 3 Kaplan & Stein 1984 4 1993 5 1999 (1) (2) 6 2000 7 Stephen & Robbins 2003 2008 2000 10
2-2 2-2 1 French 1974 2 Cooper&Marshall 1976 3 Beehr&Newman 1978 4 Jamal 1990 5 2000 6 2000 7 2001 8 2002 9 2003 11
10 2005 2008 Hellriegel, Slocum, and Woodman1986 2-3 2-3 Hellriegel 12
Hellriegel, Slocum, and Woodman1986 Ivancevich and Matteston1980 Brief and Aldag1976 1. 2. 1 2 3. 1995 1994 1. 13
2. 1. 2. 2003 labor turnover Frederlck1960 Frederlck 1960 2001 Mobley, Horner & Hollingsworth1978 Tett & Meyer1993 Abelson1987 14
Price1977 Voluntary Turnover Involuntary Turnover 1 2 2001 Robbins2003 2003 15
8 16
17
15 5 7 27 Likert Cooper 1988 Occupational Stress Indicator: OSI 2002 4-1 4-1 59101112 8131415 123467 1 2 3 Turnover Intention Dalton (1982 18
(Voluntary Turnover 4-2 4-2 1-5 7 1 699 466 450 64.38% 4.3 4-3 109 70 64 58.72% 96 72 71 73.96% 86 67 64 74.42% 92 63 61 66.30% 80 52 52 65.00% 70 50 48 68.57% 62 32 30 48.39% 64 42 42 65.63% 40 18 18 45.00% 699 466 450 64.38% 699 450 4.4 19
4-4 20 216 48% 234 52% 30 68 15.11% 31-35 94 20.89% 36-45 130 28.89% 46-50 71 15.78% 50 87 19.33% 5 154 34.22% 6-10 81 18% 11-15 53 11.78% 16-20 77 17.11% 20 85 18.89% 205 45.56% 117 26% 72 16% 48 10.67% 8 1.78% 4 0.89% 106 23.56% 299 66.44% 41 9.11% 265 58.89% 185 41.11% 450 30 6.67% 420 93.33 450 1. 48 52 2. 36-45 28.89% 31-35 20.89% 3. 5 34.22% 20 18.89% 6-10 18% 450 450 450 450 450
4. 45.56% 26% 5. 66.44 23.56 6. 58.89% 41.11 7. 93.33 6.67 5 59101112 5. 34 7.6% 152 33.7% 240 53.3% 24 5.3% 450 100.0% 58.7% 5 9. 24 5.3% 131 29.1% 275 61.1% 20 4.4% 450 100.0% 65.6% 21
10. 10 2.2% 124 27.6% 272 60.4% 44 9.8% 450 100.0% 70.2% 11. 27 6.0% 157 34.9% 230 51.1% 36 8.0% 450 100.0% 59.1% 12. 16 3.6% 234 52.0% 167 37.1% 33 7.3% 450 100.0% 55.6% 22
44.4% 8131415 8. 30 6.7% 227 50.4% 162 36.0% 31 6.9% 450 100.0% 42.9% 13. 57 12.7% 155 34.4% 225 50.0% 13 2.9% 450 100.0% 52.9% 47.1% 14. 13 2.9% 188 41.8% 23
184 40.9% 65 14.4% 450 100.0% 55.3% 15. 13 2.9% 141 31.3% 197 43.8% 99 22.0% 450 100.0% 65.8% 123467 1. 36 8.0% 230 51.1% 141 31.3% 43 9.6% 450 100.0% 40.9% 24
2. 17 3.8% 178 39.6% 199 44.2% 56 12.4% 450 100.0% 56.6% 3. 21 4.7% 234 52.0% 146 32.4% 49 10.9% 450 100.0% 43.3% 4. 23 5.1% 223 49.5% 165 36.7% 39 8.7% 450 100.0% 45.4% 25
6. 18 4.0% 144 32.0% 242 53.8% 46 10.2% 450 100.0% 64% 7. 20 4.4% 184 40.9% 184 40.9% 62 13.8% 450 100.0% 54.7% 16. 41 9.1% 225 50% 142 31.6% 42 9.3% 450 100.00% 40.9% 59.1% 6 4 26
17. ( ) 27 6.0% 176 39.1% 179 39.8% 68 15.1% 450 100.0% 54.9% 45.1% 55 18. 30 6.7% 241 53.5% 152 33.8% 27 6.0% 450 100.0% 39.8% 60.2% 19. 21 4.7% 228 50.6% 152 33.8% 49 10.9% 27
450 100.0% 44.7% 55.3% 5 20.? 58 12.9% 150 33.2% 144 32.0% 7 1.6% 43 9.6% 12 2.7% 36 8.0% 450 100.0% 33.2% 32% 12.9%... 3 1 () 6 30 5 0.00% 3.33% 8.89% 2.00% 14.22% 6-10 0.22% 0.22% 0.22% 0.22% 0.89% 31-35 5 0.00% 4.00% 6.89% 1.33% 12.22% 28
6-10 0.22% 2.00% 4.22% 1.33% 7.78% 11-15 0.00% 0.44% 0.44% 0.00% 0.89% 36-45 5 0.22% 2.00% 3.56% 1.11% 6.89% 6-10 0.44% 1.33% 5.11% 0.44% 7.33% 11-15 0.89% 1.78% 4.22% 0.89% 7.78% 16-20 0.22% 1.33% 4.22% 0.22% 6.00% 20 0.00% 0.44% 0.44% 0.00% 0.89% 46-50 5 0.00% 0.00% 0.67% 0.00% 0.67% 6-10 0.00% 0.44% 0.22% 0.22% 0.89% 11-15 0.00% 0.44% 1.11% 0.22% 1.78% 16-20 0.00% 3.11% 4.44% 0.44% 8.00% 20 0.22% 1.78% 2.00% 0.44% 4.44% 50 5 0.00% 0.00% 0.22% 0.00% 0.22% 6-10 0.22% 0.67% 0.00% 0.22% 1.11% 11-15 0.00% 0.44% 0.67% 0.22% 1.33% 16-20 0.00% 1.78% 1.33% 0.00% 3.11% 20 1.33% 6.44% 4.89% 0.89% 13.56% 4.00% 32.00% 53.78% 10.22% 100.00% 6 30 5 10.89% 31-35 5 8.22% 31-3536-45 6-10 5.56% 2-10 () 8 5 8 79 54 13 154 29
1.78% 17.56% 12.00% 2.89% 34.22% 6-10 6 37 30 8 81 1.33% 8.22% 6.67% 1.78% 18.00% 11-15 4 25 20 4 53 0.89% 5.56% 4.44% 0.89% 11.78% 16-20 4 35 34 4 77 0.89% 7.78% 7.56% 0.89% 17.11% 20 8 51 24 2 85 1.78% 11.33% 5.33% 0.44% 18.89% 30 227 162 31 450 6.67% 50.44% 36.00% 6.89% 100.00% 8 5 14.89% 6-10 16-20 8.45 10 30 () 0.00% 0.00% 0.22% 0.00% 0.22% 0.00% 2.00% 7.56% 0.89% 10.44% 0.00% 0.89% 2.67% 0.89% 4.44% 31-35 () 0.00% 0.89% 0.22% 0.00% 1.11% 0.00% 3.33% 12.22% 1.56% 17.11% 30
0.22% 0.22% 2.00% 0.22% 2.67% 36-45 () 0.22% 1.78% 2.44% 0.67% 5.11% 0.67% 5.33% 14.44% 2.00% 22.44% 0.00% 0.22% 0.67% 0.44% 1.33% 46-50 0.00% 0.00% 0.22% 0.00% 0.22% () 0.22% 2.89% 4.00% 0.44% 7.56% 0.00% 2.67% 4.22% 0.67% 7.56% 0.00% 0.00% 0.44% 0.00% 0.44% 50 0.00% 0.22% 0.22% 0.22% 0.67% () 0.22% 4.44% 4.22% 0.67% 9.56% 0.67% 2.44% 4.67% 1.11% 8.89% 0.00% 0.22% 0.00% 0.00% 0.22% 2.22% 27.56% 60.44% 9.78% 100.00% 10 36-45 16.44% 31-35 13.78% 30 8.45% 30-45 5-20 23713 1. 2 4 65 107 29 205 1.95% 31.71%52.20%14.15%100.00% 66.34% 7 64 32 14 117 5.98% 54.70%27.35%11.97%100.00% 39.32% 3 32 30 7 72 4.17% 44.44%41.67% 9.72%100.00% 51.39% 2 12 28 6 48 4.17% 25.00%58.33%12.50%100.00% 70.83% 31
1 5 2 8 12.50% 62.50%25.00% 0.00%100.00% 17 178 199 56 450 3.78% 39.56%44.22%12.44%100.00% 25.00% 2. 3 8 90 82 25 205 3.90% 43.90%40.00%12.20%100.00% 52.20% 9 74 19 15 117 7.69% 63.25%16.24%12.82%100.00% 29.06% 2 43 22 5 72 2.78% 59.72%30.56% 6.94%100.00% 37.50% 2 20 22 4 48 4.17% 41.67%45.83% 8.33%100.00% 7 1 8 54.17% 0.00% 1.56% 0.22% 0.00% 1.78% 0.22% 21 234 146 49 450 4.67% 52.00%32.44%10.89%100.00% 3. 7 9 65 93 38 205 4.39% 31.71%45.37%18.54%100.00% 63.90% 9 54 44 10 117 7.69% 46.15%37.61% 8.55%100.00% 46.15% 1 44 21 6 72 1.39% 61.11%29.17% 8.33%100.00% 37.50% 15 25 8 48 0.00% 31.25%52.08%16.67%100.00% 68.75% 1 6 1 8 12.50% 75.00%12.50% 0.00%100.00% 12.50% 20 184 184 62 450 4.44% 40.89%40.89%13.78%100.00% 32
4. 13 39 72 88 6 205 19.02% 35.12%42.93% 2.93%100.00% 8 31 72 6 117 54.15% 6.84% 26.50%61.54% 5.13%100.00% 33.33% 1 27 43 1 72 1.39% 37.50%59.72% 1.39%100.00% 38.89% 9 22 17 48 18.75% 45.83%35.42% 0.00%100.00% 64.58% 3 5 8 0.00% 37.50%62.50% 0.00%100.00% 37.50% 57 155 225 13 450 12.67% 34.44%50.00% 2.89%100.00% 2 3 7 13 9398 () 157 45.25% 33
78 22.48% 53 15.27% 46 13.26% 13 3.74% 347 100% % 45.25% 22.48% 15.27% 13.26% 3.74% ( ) 93 73 21.04% 94 72 20.75% 95 63 18.16% 96 69 19.88% 97 66 19.02% 98 (5 ) 4 1.15% 347 100% 9394 2 953 34
( ) 93-98 4-5 93-98 93 12 14 12 8 13 13 0 1 0 73 21.04 94 13 14 8 13 7 8 2 7 0 72 20.75 95 12 6 12 3 8 6 7 4 5 63 18.16 96 11 8 7 11 8 5 8 5 6 69 19.88 97 6 8 9 10 7 5 10 7 4 66 19.02 98 (5 ) 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 1.15 55 51 48 45 44 37 27 24 16 347 100.00 (%) 15.85 14.70 13.83 12.97 12.68 10.66 7.78 6.92 4.61 100.00 (%) 4-6 93-98 2 3 3 1 0 0 1 0 3 13 7 5 1 5 2 6 10 0 10 46 15 14 16 24 14 22 19 10 23 157 5 3 4 3 7 14 7 4 6 53 15 2 0 15 14 9 18 2 3 78 44 27 24 48 37 51 55 16 45 347 4-7 93-98 - 93 345,572 414,380 348,118 303,313 311,304 246,841205,537219,345120,5582,514,968 94 348,178 405,893 354,824 304,535 312,716 250,129206,234221,653121,4342,525,596 95 233,423 269,584 315,007 274,985 247,779 193,283141,178 63,500 53,621 1,792,360 96 276,863 240,419 233,785 228,274 232,368 177,766136,313 68,382 37,291 1,631,461 97 344,345 223,114 232,600 229,718 223,561 159,748120,088 93,456 44,587 1,671,217 98 (9 ) 187,923 179,038 168,949 176,086 169,748 126,000 97,967 101,76132,996 1,240,468 1,736,3041,732,4281,653,2831,516,9111,497,4761,153,767907,317768,097410,48711,376,070 35
4-8 981-8 23,363 31,082 20,82615,14729,21011,62410,91815,111 2,572 159,853 212 319 403 139 188 293 220 227 63 2,064 294 355 356 299 335 219 74 302 44 2,278 11,795 13,536 12,650 7,04910,205 7,054 5,92015,311 293 83,813 9,813 10,596 11,921 5,938 9,509 6,798 5,470 9,638 470 70,153 823 855 718 637 730 488 455 563 306 5,575 92,600113,486 93,74858,418100,35452,95246,11482,304 7,496 647,472 4-1 93-98 4-593-98 4-7 93-98 4-1 93-98 4-8981-8 36
37 4-693-98 37% 37% 74% 6% 57% 63%
38 1. 2. 3. 奬
39 7 8 7 8
1. 2008 2. 2003 3. 2002 4. 2000 5. 2002 6. 2000 7. 2007 SPSS 8. 2003 271 13-18 9. 2000 10. 1995 11. 1999 12. 1994 13. 2001 14. 2003 15. 2003 40
1. Abelson M. A. 1987. Examination of avoidable and unavoidable turnover. Jounal of Applied Psychology. 72(2)382-386. 2. Brief, A. P., & Aldag, R. J. 1976. Correlates of role indices. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 468-472. 3. Frederlck J.G.1960, Labor TurnoverCalculation & cost, new york,ama,p7. 4. Hellriegel, D., Slocum, J. W., & Woodman, R. W.1986.Organizational behavior. St. Paul, MNWest Publishing Company. 5. Ivancevich, J. M., & Matteson, M. T.1980. Stress and work A managerial perspective. New YorkScott Foresman. 6. Jamal, M.1990. Relationship of job stress & type-a behavior to employees, job satisfaction, organization commitment, psychosomatic health problems & tumover motivation. Human Relations,438 727-738. 7. Kaplan, T.& Stein.1984.Stress,health and school teachersa comparison with other professions.cambridge of Journal Education,103,154-159 8. Mobley, W. H.1977, Intermediate Linkages in the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction & Employee Turrnover, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.62,No.2,PP.237-240. 9. Price, J. L.,The Study of Turnover,Ames,1977, lowa : The lowa State Universitv Press. 10. Robbins,Stephen P.2003Organizational Behavior, 10 th ed, Prentice Hall. 11. Selye, H.1956.The stress of life. New YorkMcGraw Hill. 12. Tett, R. P.,& J. P. Meye1993, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment,Turnover lntention,and Turnover.Path Analyses Based on Meta-Analytic Findings, Personnel Psychology,Vol.46,pp.259-280. 41