Compilation and Translation Review Vol. 8, No. 2 (September 2015), 1-30 Translators Subjectivity and Linguistic Ecology Song-ling Chyi Hundreds of def

2015 9 1-30 (A. Berman) (A. Pym) 2014 10 21 2015 2 12 2015 6 26 E-mail: yslc7@mail.tku.edu.tw

Compilation and Translation Review Vol. 8, No. 2 (September 2015), 1-30 Translators Subjectivity and Linguistic Ecology Song-ling Chyi Hundreds of definitions of translation have been suggested over the years, but few are as intriguing as the one offered by A. Berman (1942-1991), who said that translation is the inn of the remote of the troubadour, which receives strangers within the very heart of mother tongue. In fact, since the dawn of humankind, how many translators have helped to surmount the barriers of distance with a translation which yet provided a mere echo as if the voice of the remote, silenced by hegemony, finds its own voice? This article focuses on the ethics of translation, an approach to translation studies proposed by Berman and supported by A. Pym s methodology of translation history. Using their arguments about the translator s subjectivity, I focus on translations from other languages into Chinese around the time of China s May 4 th movement. Here I explore such questions as how, in the social, political, economic and historical contexts of that time, might Chinese translators have changed the historical discourses and trajectories of translation theory? How, then, was the translator s identity altered? Among other issues, I am especially interested in the impact at this time of the Chinese translations of foreign language texts, and of what one might call the ethics of foreignization, on the evolution of the Chinese language itself. Keywords: Translation history, ethics of foreignization, inn of the remote, hospitality, linguistic ecology Received: October 21, 2014; Revised: February 12, 2015; Accepted: June 26, 2015 Song-ling Chyi, Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Culture, Tamkang University, E-mail: yslc7@mail.tku.edu.tw

3 (interculturality) 1 1 Delisle, J. & Woodsworth, J. (1995). Translators through history. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company Venuti, L. (1995). The translator s invisibility: A history of translation. London: Routledge.

4 (Pym, 1998) (norms and systems) (J. Holmes) (G. Toury) (interculture) (Translation archaeology) (historical criticism) (explanation) (Pym, 1998, pp. 5-6)

5 (social dynamics) (practical ethics) (Pym, 1997, p. 41) (interculture) (productive) (Berman, 1995, p. 17) (méthodologie) (1) (2) (3) (Berman, 1995, pp. 74-75)

6 (Benjamin, 2000) (ethnocentrism) (ethics of foreignization) (Berman, 1984, 1995, 1999) (the literal) (Pym, 1997, p. 7) (L Épreuve de l étranger) Bildung (simple opposition of the foreign to the proper) 2006 2 2 1 2 3 4 2006 2

7 3 1999a 1999b (1854-1921) (1852-1924) 4 3 (retranslation) 4

8 1898-1912 5 6 1986 1322 5 1996 4 6

9 7 1902 113-115 1902 109-113 7 2006 711-713

10 8 1986 1322 2012 1 2000 7 8

11 1890 1900 1998 70-73 2000 56 (intercultural)

12 1998 3-4

13 184 137 23 8 1981 60-103 1915 (H. R. Haggard, 1856-1925) 2002 81-82

14 9 2002 90 10 9 F. Schleiermacher 2002 78 10 1973 397-433

15 1984 72-3 2006 69

16 譌 譌 (polysemy, manifold meaning) 2002 77 11 1918 11 1992 175-177 207-209 266

17 (1) (2) (3) 1992 207-209 (1) (2) 1918 2005 56 (canon) 12 12 1974 170 174

18 lying on his back 1981a 65 13 13 2006

19 1929 1959 1981b 14 14 4 204-205

20 (translationese) 1993 1993 293 2005 2013 (F. Schlegel, 1772-1829) (the strangeness, Fremdheit) (the foreign, das Fremde) (Berman, 1984, pp. 246-7)

21 (homogeneous) (the Other) (naturalise) (interpreting) (faithfulness) (linguistic transcoding) (Lefevere, pp. 14-18) (S. Bassnett)

22 (Berman, 1984, pp. 46-55) (insistence on foreignization) (hospitality) 2006 (retranslation)

23 1931 1992 298

24 (Herder, Goethe, Schlegel, Novalis, Humboldt, Schleiermacher, Hölderlin) Bildung Bildung

25 Bildung 18 Bild Urbild vorbild nachbild Bildung Bildung Bildung (Bild) Bildung (Berman, 1984, pp. 74-80 Bildung Bildung

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27 2006 2005 2013 42 51 108 2000 2012 1 1915 1973 1974 2006 1981 60-103 2005 1902 1 113-115 1999a 1898 1 172 1999b 1 39-46

28 1998 2 3-4 1992 2006 34 8 7 1984 1951 72 73 2006 1998 1959 1929 6 609 1981a 1 65 1981b 4 204-205 2006 1993 1996 2002 1902 109-113 1986 1322 Benjamin, W. (2000). The task of the translator (H. Zohn, Trans.). In L. Venuti (Ed.), The translation studies reader (pp. 15-25). London: Routledge. (Original

29 work published 1923) Berman, A. (1984). L épreuve de l étranger culture et traduction dans l Allemagne romantique. Paris: Gallimard. Berman, A. (1995). Pour une critique des traductions: John Donne. Paris: Gallimard. Berman, A. (1999). La Traduction et la letter ou l auberge du lointain. Paris: Editions du Seuil. Delisle, J. & Woodsworth, J. (1995). Translators through history. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Lefevere, A. (1998). Chinese and Western thinking on translation. In S. Basnett & A. Lefevere (Eds.), Constructing cultures: Essays on literary translation (pp. 14-18). London: Multilingual Matters. Pym, A. (1997). Pour une éthique du traducteur. Arras: Artois Presses Université. Pym, A. (1998). Method in translation history. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishers. Venuti, L. (1995). The translator s invisibility: A history of translation. London: Routledge.

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