SOCIOLOGY OF ETHNICITY 52 2009 5 10 Association of Sociology of Ethnicity Sociology Society of China Institute of Sociology and Anthropology Peking University
1 1956 5 28 2 11 Francis L. K. Hsu Under the Ancestors Shadow 3 1 2 1986 6 76-83 2-3 2003 298 3 Francis Hsu, Under the Ancestors Shadow: Chinese Culture and Personality, New York: Columbia University Press, 1948. 1
1 1956 2 3 4 Edmund Leach 5 Colin Mackerras 8 ( Stevan Harrell) 1949 1948 1 Ibid. 2 12-17 3 1983 1-78 4 2002 3 8 2005 6 2007 8 5 Francis Hsu, The Cultural Problems of the Cultural Anthropologists, American Anthropologists, 1979, 81(3): 517-532; Edmund Leach Malinowskiana: On Reading a Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term: Or the Self Mutilation of Professor Hsu, RAIN, 1980(36): 2-3; Francis Hsu, Malinowskiana: A Reply to Dr. E. R. Leach, RAIN, 1980(39): 4-6. 6 Francis Hsu, Under the Ancestors Shadow, London: Routledge, 1948, pp. ix. 7 Edmund Leach, Social Anthropology, Glasgow: Fontana Press, pp. 126-7. 8 Colin Mackerras, Aspects of Bai Culture: Change and Continuity in a Yunnan Nationality, Modern China, 1988, 14(1): 51-84. 2
1 2 / Beth Notar Ralph Linton 3 4 5 6 7 50 8 1 Stevan Harrell, Civilizing Projects and the Reaction to Them, pp. 31-32, in Cultural Encounters on China s Ethnic Frontiers, ed. Harrell, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1995, pp. 3 36. 2 David Wu () Chinese Minority Policy and the Meaning of Minority Culture: the Example of Bai in Yunnan, Human Organization, 1990, 49(1): 1-13. 3 Beth Notar, Wild Histories: Popular Culture, Place and the Past in Southwest China, doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, 1999, pp. 61-68. 4 5 2004 1 46-55 2005 1 36-46 2005 2006 6 2004 261 42 7 42. 8 436-437 2004 3
1 2 C. P. Fitzgerald(The Tower of Five Glories A Study of the Min Chia of Dali, Yunnan) [][] 3 Shua Bër Ni Bër)Pai Shua Bër Ni 4 5 nationalitynation 6 1 2 14 1957 3 Fitzgerald, C. P., The Tower of Five Glories A Study of the Min Chia of Dali, Yunnan, London: Cresset, 1941, p. 12. 4 Ibid, 12. 5 Ibid, 14. 6 Ibid, 13-14. 4
1 19371945 2 1856-1873 3 4 1956 5 6 1 2 1940 1942 1945 3 David Atwill, The Chinese Sultanate: Islam, Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856-1873, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005. 4 333-347 1991 5 1945 2003 6 1957 1988 5
123 45 (jealous of) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Francis Hsu, Under the Ancestors Shadow: Kinship, Personality & Social Mobility in China, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1967, pp. 16-17. 2 Ibid, 18, 3 6 2007 4 1990 4 61-66 5 2004 1 39-45 6 2005 7 99 1998 8 1990 4 61-66 1996 1 50-53 9 <>2002 6
1 2 3 1938 4 5 1949 6 7 1 19831-78 63 1990 4 61-66 2 3 4 2002 5 1990 4 61-66 6 2006 2 11-16 7 193 1986 7
1 2 1958 90.9 3 1 Stevan Harrell, Civilizing Projects and the Reaction to Them, in Cultural Encounters on China s Ethnic Frontiers, ed. Harrell, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1995, pp. 3-36. 2 2003 5 53-61 3 2 19831-78 8
1 21 1 2 20062 1 2008 9 26-27 2009 1 9
21 200844-45 200418-20 20 50 20 50-10
1 2005 12239 2006 1 % % % % % 48.0 2201 31.5 45.5 67.1 37.5 80.0 8.5 56.9 2545 29.9 23.5 66.2 40.5 58.5 35.2 12.3 2848 29.8 30.5 63.3 40.3 86.3 30.1 5.8 1319 31.2 23.8 66.2 32.3 56.5 30.3 14.7 1856 28.7 11.5 68.4 46.9 40.3 10.2 10-20 1470 32.3 21.9 69.9 25.6 35.0 32.0 % % % % 11
2000-2003 - 22.0 46.3 60.9 92.7 1115 1998,2001 - - 30.5 36.8 55.7 77.5 1064 2001-2005 - - 33.5 32.8 58.9 85.0 1227 2004,2005 - - 33.1 35.0 27.1 69.4 1447 2005-65.2 46.6 31.8 82.2 814 2005-29.9 45.4 65.4 84.2 1113 5 8.5-30% 2 40 1000 2 % % % % 1651 64.8 626 24.6 25 1.0 25 1.0 1990 69.9 318 11.1 224 7.9 4 0.1 919 69.7 244 18.5 42 3.2 0 0.0 1682 89.8 169 9.1 1 0.1 1 0.1 990 68.0 163 11.2 275 18.9 0 0.0 2013 91.5 39 1.8 0 0.0 144 6.5 9245 75.6 1559 12.8 567 4.6 174 1.4 2 200518-25 85%2008 2463 90.6%95.1% 2000137801 255-59 7.13801996 19.9%28.6%Goldstein, et al, 2006: 204-206 12
2008314 20051470824.67 1245.251.52008 24632.22 3. 2005 # % # % # % # % # % 32 3.3 76 32.3 29 19.9 0 0.0 137 10.0 148 15.3 83 35.3 64 43.8 13 48.1 308 22.4 518 53.7 61 26.0 42 28.8 7 25.9 628 45.7 187 19.4 12 5.1 9 6.2 5 18.5 213 15.5 35 3.6 2 0.9 2 1.4 1 3.7 40 2.9 29 3.0 1 0.4 0 0.0 1 3.7 31 2.3 16 1.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 16 1.2 965 100.0 235 100.0 146 100.0 27 100.0 1373 100.0 2005 3.3%32.3%3 8042 132 4863 2554 9195 7778 5242 13
2005 1470 42005 % 38.6 53.8 7.6 100.0 64.3 31.9 3.8 100.0 57.4 37.8 4.8 100.0 2005 4 7.6% 4.8% 3 1990 2000 4 145 3 1990 30 2000 40 2000 7.4% 5 21 1982 2000 1982 18 40 30-51982-2000 1982 2000 1982 2000 1982 2000 820 2920 3.6 757 3129 4.1 9350 37464 4.0 104 1642 15.8 176 1701 9.7 1277 6468 5.1 14
30 1271 42.4 63 974 15.5 1409 11331 8.0 388 7020 18.1 12 3057 254.8 506 20669 40.8 87 1290 14.8 10 1080 108.0 162 6114 37.7 35 1084 31.0 11 785 71.4 249 3604 14.5 82 2659 32.4 54 2213 41.0 1770 14167 8.0 173 2733 15.8 44 2386 54.2 1445 23743 16.4 127 3096 24.4 37 1785 48.2 42837 169887 4.0 521 3953 7.6 737 4623 6.3 40848 82170 2.0 105 2263 21.6 42 1733 41.3 444 14354 32.3 39 1649 42.3 7 1142 163.1 456 9010 19.8 83 1648 19.9 68 1457 21.4 3127 10887 3.5 95 2930 30.8 4450 7939 1.8 540 15869 29.4 75 1544 20.6 19 1084 57.1 1554 9446 6.1 1120 3048 2.7 84 1187 14.1 1741 6060 3.5-2292 - - 1194 - - 7846 - * - - - 57 2158 37.9 14560 42316 2.9 205 1787 8.7 22 1149 52.2 719 47531 66.1 * - - - 13 1161 89.3 6211 28110 4.5 * - - - 377 2131 5.7 6197 15774 2.5 1985 1982 218-219 20032000 4-6 * 1-2008 8 29 2-15
1 2000 91.4% 97% 2 Fischer2005 1 1 2 3 4 1 16
2 3 1 21 2 50 3 1 2 2007 1 10 1 80 17
800-1200 1300-1400 2007 3 4 1985 1982 2006 20072007 5 23-35 18
20082008 5 41-46 20062006 3 135-175 2004 Fischer, Martin Andrew, 2005, State Growth and Social Exclusion in Tibet, Copenhagen: NIAS Press. Goldstein, Melvyn et al, 2006, Development and Change in Rural Tibet, Barry Sautman and June T. Dreyer, eds. Contemporary Tibet: Policies, Development, and Society in a Disputed Region, New York; M. E. Sharpe, pp.193-213. 1 2006 11 201 2 104 3 113 35 19
(383) 376 1 1 35 113 104 2 3 69 4 104 20
341 4 354 5 319 6 7 8 2 2006 136 3 4 96 5 86 6 2006 111 7 2004 34 8 21
1 2 3 351 356 4 370 379 5 380 7 8 1 116 2 116 3 4 112 5 125 6 1993 7 104 3295 8 113 22
1 376 2 3 370 4 5 1 113 2 101 3281 3 101 3282 4 113 5 103 3267 23
3 4 5 6 8 1 113 2 104 3287 3 105 4 5 2009 113 6 107 7 30 8 1987 88 2006 19-20 24
1 18 2 3 4 5 6 10 1 1989 246 2 1979 1 2004 483 3 113 4 113 5 359 6 113 7 2004 84-87 8 113 9 113 10 113 25
1 2 3 4 311-350350-383 383-439 5 1 106 3348 3349 2 230 3 1987 230231 4 2004 87 5 1989 242243 26
1 2 58 3 4 marong@pku.edu.cn 100871 marong@pku.edu.cn 1 113 2 104 3304 3 58 4 2004 489 27