1999 2006 I
Abstract Labors who are the weak group in modern capital society offer services for rewards. In order to establish a base of equal opportunity, labors often rise up and organize their own unions which exercise following the nation s laws. In light of the cooperative game-theory approach, the labors negotiate and coordinate with their employers to improve the operational environment and treatment. Under the situation of un-cooperative game-theory, however, the labors leverage conflicts and disputes between themselves and their employers by means of disagreement. This will usually cause the labor front to further conduct strike to naturalize the employers economic operations; force them to join the negotiation in order to change operational environment and treatment based on the labors intents. From 1999 through 2006, the Taiwan Airport Service Kaohsiung Company Labor s Union (TSKU) called up and three conferences of general assemblies. Labors voted to conduct strikes to express their discontent against the unlawful decision made by the employer authority in terms of unilaterally publishing the Payment Improvement Initiatives. The purpose of this presentation is to study and review the case of TSKU regarding the approaches and strategies maneuvered by the TSKU leadership during the eight year period of time. Key words: TSKU, Collective Negotiation, Strike, Negotiation Strategy, Collective Dispute. II
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V 1 1 5 10 15 15 19 19 23 31 33 33 34 39 43 43 45 54 57 61 65
7 22 25 32 41 56 VI
13 14 58 VII
65 69 70 73 2000 8 31 74 14 75 76 2006 77 2006 79 80 81 82 7 2 84 2006 85 VIII
30 1
2003 4.1 % 2006 3.17 % 1 1 % 2001 1 30 30 http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/statis/webproxy.aspx?sys=210&kind=21&type=1&funid=q05014&rdm=huvb7x 2003 ~2006 2003 4.1 % 2004 3.5 % 2005 3.27 % 2006 3.17 % 3 % 2
2 2005 labor dispute 3 1929 10 21 53 11 1 2000 8 61 4 5 2 2001 37-48 3 2005 327 4 1929 10 21 53 2000 8 61 5 John Benson, Gavin Kennedy, John McMillan 2005-17 223 3
1998 1 accommodation straegies 2 confrontation strategies 6 group theory 7 6 1998 31-32 7-1999 395-343 (group theory) (Truman, 1951:508) Dye, 1992:2 Bachrach and Baratz, 4
autonomous union 8 Bowles and Gintis 9 social partnership 10 11 1962,1963 8 9 10 1916 Sinzheimer (social self-determination) (Stourzh) (class antagonists) (negotiating partners) (contractual partners) (social partners) (Richard Hyman) 2004 72-77 11 1997 5
Zartman 1983 Parties values mutual movment outcome 12 13 14 15 Ikle 1964 12 Zartman, I. William (ed). 1983. The 50% Solution. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp: 7-8. 13 Lewicki, Saunders, and Minton, 1999: 8; Zartman, 1983: 7. 14 Zartman, I. William. 1978. The Negotiation Process: Theories and Applications. Beverly Hills, CA: sage. p:70. 15 Zartman, I. William and Maureen R. Berman. 1982. The Pracical Negotiator. New Haven: Yale University. pp: 1-2. 6
Negotiation 16 Nash 1950 n (Nash Equilibrium) 17 Kochan, and McKersie 1998 18 Kochan, Katz, and McKersie (1988:17) 1998 16 Fred Charles. Ikle, 1964. How Nations Negotiate. New York: Frederick A. Praeger. pp: 3-4 17 Nash, J. Equilibrium Points in n-person Games, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (36), 1950, pp. 386-9. 18 Kochan, Kat z,and McKersie(1988:17) 7
straegies 2 confrontation strategies 19 1 accommodation 2001 20 21 22 23 1997 24 1992 25 Katz and Kochan 2000 19 1998 31-32 20 2001 37-48 21 1996 17 22 1993 3 227-231 23 2001 37-48 24 1997 101 25 1992 226-232 8
Pathological 26 Mitchell 1981 situation behavior attitudes and perceptions values resources positions 27 Pruitt & Jeffrey 1986 28 Kriesberg 1998 destructive conflicts constructive conflicts 1. 2. 3. 4. 29 26 Katz, Harry C. and Thomas A. Kochan. 2000. An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations, 2 nd ed. New York: McGraw - Hill. 27 Mitchell, C. R. 1981, The Structure of International Conflict, New York: St. Martin s Press, pp.15-34. 28 Dean G. Pruitt & Jeffrey Z. 1986, Rubin, Social Conflict --- Escalation, Stalemate, and Settlement, New York:Random House, pp.4-5 29 Louis Kriesberg, Constructive Conflicts: From Escalation to Resolution. New York: Rowman & 9
Nierenberg 1991 30 2005 31 2000 32 Littlefield Publishers, 1998, pp.21-23. 30 Gerard I Nierenberg 1991 (Fundamentals of Negotiation) 1 31 2005 8 32 2000 7 10
Longitudinal 33 34 35 33 1994 244 34 2000 138 35 1989 10-11 11
36 36 W. Lawrence Neuman 2000 (Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches) 715 12
敍 13
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1999 1999 2006 1999-2006 1987 12 15
37 1988 1990 49 1990 1992 1987 1999 1 1 37 1987 10 16
2003 2006 10 2006 2006 10 5 2007 6 30 2003 17
1988 9 24 1999 1998 19
1999 2000 1999 12 24 EF148 26 2000 1 4 2001 2000 4 1 2000 7 7 20
2000 8 10 97 % 21
8 18 22 9 18 500~2,000 5,000 2000 30 % 22
(Nash equilibrium) 1 2 Fisher, Ury, and Patton 1991 needs desires concerns fears 1. 1998 2000 100 % 47.35 17 % 13 % 2004 8 2. 1 Nash 1950 2 1999 10 23
3. 20 24
89,500 ~ 109,190 83,150 ~ 102,840 65,260 ~ 65,260 ~ 88,210 88,210 50,200 ~ 67,120 51,140 67,120 43,310 ~ 56,060 40,420 ~ 53,170 38,050 ~ 50,800 34,800 ~ 45,630 35,340 ~ 45,030 31,160 ~ 38,470 31,760 ~ 39,070 42,360 ~ 55,110 35,020 ~ 45,900 35,020 ~ 45,900 31,220 ~ 40,060 31,220 ~ 40,060 25,960 ~ 32,930 25,960 ~ 32,930 15,200 98,350 ~ 118,040 13,500 13,500 11,200 78,760 ~ 101,710 78,760 ~ 101,710 76,460 ~ 99,410 9,100 60,240 ~85,220 1,000 43,360 ~ 56,110 7,500 42,250 ~ 53,400 5,000 40,020 ~ 50,900 5,000 36,200 ~ 45,060 5,000 36,220 ~ 45,060 5,000 30,960 ~ 37,930 5,000 30,960 ~ 37,930 1987 1989 25
1. 1998 2000 3 2. 3 1998 2000 26
3. 2000 4. 27
1999 1. 2. 3. 28
4. 1987 1999 29
30
2000 8 18 2000 8 24 2000 11 30 2000 9 30 31
2000 11 30 1 8 2 4 2000 9 30 3 4 5 2000 8 24 32
1999 2000 8 10 2000 8 24 14 2003 1 SARS SARS 2005 1999 2005 2005 7 29 13 14 5 33
1 13 2005 9 11 2005 1 1 14 26 2006 1 12 2006 331 318 316 2 2006 2005 1. 1998 2001 4 5 2003 34
2. 2003 12 2002 30% 2000 8 24 6 14 13 13 1. 14 5 7 8 2 1 1 4 1 6 4 331 3 9 5 2 5 7 8 2 1 1 4 1 35
6 4 2. 2004 10 % 10 % 2 3 3. 20 % 66 % 36
2006 5 2006 1 21 2006 5 2 2 2 14 5 2006 37
38
2003 2005 7 29 14 5 26 14 5 39
2006 1 21 23 8 14 5 3 3 40
14 13 14 1 5 5 2006 2 14 3 2 3 4 5 1 6 2006 41
2000 8 2005 12 1999 2005 2005 6 2005 2005 3 1 2 5 2 2005 1 2005 43
2005 1 2006 8 31 2006 9 1 2006 9 22 2006 1 23 2005 335 329 326 3 2006 10 6 44
1. 2003 2005 6 70 2. 2006 1 23 5 2006 8 31 16 30 45
1. 85 % 2 8 1.3 2. 2006 1 23 2006 6 2000 6 3. 2006 8 31 16 30 9 1 46
40 4. 2004 2005 1 23 3 10 10 15 2006 1 23 47
2006 9 22 2005 326 2006 10 4 2006 6 2006 6 200 48
10 6 13 14 5 10 6 10 6 16 30 49
15 17 50 19 10 50
19 40 19 40 20 20 30 10 6 2006 1 21 23 4 51
2005 1 23 3 5 2005 1 23 2000 2006 1 10 52
2006 6 2 2006 1 23 2006 53
26 2003 3 329 326 3 2006 10 2006 10 5 9 15 54
55
2006 1 2 3 4 2006 10 28 14 7 6 15 15 2006 10 15 6 2 2 7 6 7 8 9 56
57
58
59
60
1997 36 - William L. Ury 2001 (Getting to peace: Transforming Conflict at home, at work, and inthe world) 1998 1994 1978 W. Lawrence Neuman 2000 (Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches) 2001 1998 2000 (James E. Dougherty/Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr.) 1978 1997 1992 2000 2004 1999 (Roy J. Lewicki, David M. Saunders, John W. Minton) 2001 (Negotiation) (Solomon, Richard H) 2000 (Chinese negotiating behavior: pursuing intereststhrough old friends ) (Richard Hyman) 2004 (Understanding European Trade Unionism: Between Market, Class and Society) (Roger A. McCain) 2006 (Game Theory: a non- technical introduction to the analysis of strategy) 1992 1994 61
1989 2002 2003 2000 2001 2000 1999 1988 1994-1996 2000 1996 2000 2001 (Chester L. Karrass) 1999 195 (Give and take: the Complete guide to negotiating strategies andtactics) (John Benson, Gavin Kennedy, John McMillan) 2005 - (Managing Negotiations) 17 2005 2006 (Gerard I Nierenberg) 1991 (Fundamentals of Negotiation) 2003 1983 2003 1997 1991 刋 34 10 1996 10 69-72 - 11 3 1999 395-343 7 1997 267-314 62
63 2 1993 3 227-231 12 6 1993 12-18 2002 6 65-103 2002 2006 2004 2004 2003 2002 1992 2000 2002 2002 2000 1997 2003 Guanxi http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/statis/webproxy.aspx?sys=210&kind=21&type=1&funid=q 05014&rdm=huvB7x
Dahrendorf, Ralf. 1974. Toward a Theory of Social Conflict, in R. Serge Denisoff et. Al., (eds.),theories and Paradigms in Contemporary Sociology. Illinois: F. E. Peacock Publisher, Inc. Dean G. Pruitt & Jeffrey Z. 1986. Rubin, Social Conflict --- Escalation, Stalemate, and Settlement. New York: Random House. pp.4-5. Freud, Sigmung. 1920. A. General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. Trans. G. S. Hall. New York: Boni & Liveright. Katz, Harry C. and Thomas A. Kochan. 2000. An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations. 2 nd ed. New York: McGraw - Hill. Kriesberg, Louis. 1998. Constructive Conflicts: From Escalation to Resolution. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, pp.21-23. Lax, David A. and James K. Sebenius. 1986. The Manager as Negotiatior: Bargaining for Cooperation and Competitive Gain. New York: The Free. Mitchell, C. R. 1981. The Structure of International Conflict. New York: St. Martin s Press. pp.15-34. Nash, J. Equilibrium Points in n-person Games, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (36), 1950, pp. 386-9. Steers, Richard M. and Black J. Stewart. 1994. Organizational Behavior. 5rded. New York, NY: Harper College Publishers. Thomas, Kenneth W. 1992. Conflict and Negotiation Processes in Organization, in Handbook of Indusrial and Organizational Psychology, eds. M. D. Dunnette and L.H. Hough. Palo. Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists pp. 651-718. Zartman, I. William and Maureen R. Berman. 1982. The Pracical Negotiator. New Haven: Yale University. Zartman, I. William. 1978. The Negotiation Process: Theories and Applications. Beverly Hills, CA: sage. Zartman, I. William (ed). 1983. The 50% Solution. New Haven: Yale University Press. 64
1929 10 21 53 2000 7 19 8 61 13 61 labour 2 1 2 trade union craft skill 3 1987 2007 2 7 339 66 9 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 1984 7 30 86 2 1 482 3 Richard Hyman 2004 2 65
membeship of union 12 13 autonomous union 1986 2 2 conflict escalation C. R. Mitchell, conflict enlargement conflict widening conflict escalation 66
4 collective bargaining 5 collective dispute 2 2 (individual dispute) collective dispute 6, 7 collective agreements 4 C. R. Mitchell, 1981: 47-70. 5 Beatrice Webb 1891 Richard Hyman 2004 11 6 1994 379 7 2002 6 65-103 67
social partnership 68
69
70
71
72
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2006 95.1.12 09 30 331 318 13 14 26 95 01 28 1. 2. 26 95 1 28 16:00 331 318 1. 2. 3. 4. 77
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2006 79
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