2009 2 No. 2 2009 ( 138 ) SOUTHEAST ASIAN AFFAIRS General Serial No. 138 Ξ (, 361005) :, 1911,,19 80, 19 20,, 1893 :; ;; :D632. 4 :A :1003-9856(2009)02-0065 - 10 1786 1819,1824,1826,,,,,,,, Ξ :2009-02 - 08 :,,,,: Yen Ching - hwang, A Social History of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya 1800-1911, Singapore : Oxford University Press,1986, pp. 1-4, :, 65
, 15, (1511 1641 ),, [1 ] 17 (de Eredia), [2 ] 1 1572-1617,, Notchin Nootsian Si Sia 1678 ( Governor) (Balthasar Bort) :1678 Si Sia, 1680 1685 1612-1688,,,,, 1662-1708, 1643-1718,,, Chan Jamqua 1725-1765 1703-1784 1748-1794 1750-1802 1771-1822 1793-1874 Chan Jam qua,, 1828 : :,,,1977,534-537 ;, :,:,1965,1-11 ; :,,:,1982,389 ; : ( ),:,1986,1-28 ; :,:,1990,7-43 ; :,,1991,83 : ; Yen Ching2 hwang(),a Social History of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya 1800 1911 ; : The Dynamics of Chinese Dialect Groups in Early Malaya ;, 1786 1911 66
1641 1824 ( 1795 1818 ),,,, [3 ] 1683, ( ), [4 ] (1757 ),, (,), [5 ] 18 : ( ) [6 ],,,(1),,1825, (2) 2 1825-1915 1825, 1825-1839 1839-1847 1828 1847-1864 1864-1884, 1884-1893, 1893-1915 ::,:,:,1995,36-37 2,1847, (1801 ),,,,1750 2 161, 5 [7 ],1911,1860 1871 11,,,1800 :, (1800-2000),2000,9 67
1825 3 828 ;1830 6 555 ;1836 13 749 ;1840 17 704 ; 1849 29 988 ;1860 50 043 ;1871 13 456 ;1881 19 622 ;1891 17 893 ;1901 18 863 ;1911 29 888 [8 ] 1871, 1881,1891 10,1881 1911 :1881 19 622 49 % ( 27 %), ; 1891 17 893 54 %( 28 %), ;1901 18 863 55 %( 26 % ), ;1911 29 888 32 %,, (34 %) 2 %, 1881 1911 :1881 9 615 ;1891 9 662 ;1901 10 375 ;1911 9 564 4 9 804 1786 8, 58 [9 ], (Captain Francis Light),,, 1794, 3 000 [10 ] 1800,,19 20,, [11 ],, 18 3 :, 1786 8 7, ; ; [12 ], : ( ) 1881 1911,Mak Lau Fong (), The Dynamics of Chinese Dialect Groups in Early Malaya, p. 81.,,Penang, (Prince of Wales Island),, (Prince of Wales) (Tanjong), ( Georgetown),,Victor Purcell, The Chinese in Southeast Asia, p. 232.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,http : www. fjql. org/ qszl/ xsyj6. htm. 68
[13 ],19 [14 ] 1848,,(), [15 ] 1848 1 (1662-1861 ), ( ),110 [16 ] (1891 ) :,,,, [17 ] :,(1881 ),,, (, ),(,),,,,,,,,,,,, [18 ],1881 ( ),, 16 568,67 354 24. 6 %,1/ 4 ( ), (Protector of Chinese) 1894 1904,, ( ) 11 155 371, 14 125 139 259,89. 6 %,12 660 (3) 3 1879 1904 ( :) 1894 10 001 474 445 10 920 1895 11 336 445 582 12 363 1896 12 092 662 865 13 619 1897 7 849 448 457 8 754 1898 9 897 565 622 11 084 1899 11 593 599 960 13 152 1900 14 889 618 905 16 412 1901 13 788 644 1 077 15 509 1902 15 445 789 1 051 17 285 1903 16 330 650 1 175 18 155 1904 16 039 799 1 280 18 118 :, : Annual Reports on the Chinese Protectorate, the Straits Settlements, 189421904.,,(1891 ) :< >, 2000 3,65 (Lim Joo Hock),1853 1853, :Lim Joo Hock, Chinese Female Immingration into the Straits Settlements, 186021901, in Journal of the South Seas Society ( ), Volume 22,Singapore, 1969, p. 62. 69
1894 1904,11 8 426,,766 ;11 692,1 063,46. 9 %(11 113 ), 47. 4 %(4) ( :) 4 1894 1904 % ( :) % 1894 597 49. 8 % 1900 1 098 46. 5 % 1895 776 43. 7 % 1901 1 352 47. 4 % 1896 1 093 51. 3 % 1902 1 318 51. 5 % 1897 527 35. 7 % 1903 1 593 43. 7 % 1898 617 33. 9 % 1904 1 539 50. 2 % 1899 1 182 58. 4 % 11 692 46. 9 % : Annual Reports on the Chinese Protectorate, the Straits Settlements, 189421904. 1881 10 1881 1911 () :1881 46 810 50 %(20 %) ;1891 63 086 55 %(23 %) ;1901 70 853 61 %(26 %) ;1911 69 253 60 % 4,,,1901 1911 60 %, 1881 1911 ( ) :1881 23 405 1891 34 697 1901 43 220 1911 41 522 4 35 711 (Captain Newbold),1819 1 (Stamford Raffles), 150, 30, [19 ],300 500,150, [20 ] 1894 560 1895 548 1896 780 1897 471 1898 609 1897 471 1898 609 1899 781 1900 762 1901 852 1902 1026 1903 963 1904 1075 Annual Reports on the Chinese Protectorate, the Straits Settlements, 189421904,Mak Lau Fong, The Dynamics of Chinese Dialect Groups in Early Malaya, p. 81,1881 () 23 090 () :,,,7-8 70
, [21 ],1819 6, 5 000, [22 ],,?, (Col. Farquar) 1820 3 31 :,, 20, 3, [23 ] 1821 2, 1823,(Credit2ticket System),, [24 ],,,1824 3 317,1830 6 555 1 836,, 13 479,(12 487 ),, [25 ],19 50, [26 ] 1840 17 179 ;1845 32 132 ;1860 50 043 ;1871 54 572 ;1881 86 766,1891 106 643 ;1901 164 041 ;1911 207 413 [27 ] 1824,,,,, (1789-1850 ), (1805-1864 ), (1793-1847 ),(1788-1838 ) [28 ], 1827,, 1829 1830, 4 1 570 1831, [29 ],,,, [30 ] 1877-1904, 1880-1886 173 332 ( 1880 17 681 1881 18 253 1882 1883 30 702 1884 34 459 1885 37 778 1886 34 459 ),28 889 ;1894,,,,,,, 19, Yen Ching2hwang, A Social History of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya 180021911,pp. 425,,(1736-1795) :, :1998,228 814 ; :,,,1958,23-24 ; :, ( ),,2009 5 9 11,3 71
- 1904 705 481,64 135 1894 1904 636 633,57 876,90. 2 %(5) 5 1899-1904 ( :) 1894 47 961 1 516 1 949 51 426 1895 61 907 1 557 2 712 6 685 1896 57 809 2 054 3 059 62 922 1897 34 086 1 646 2 030 37 762 1898 44 620 2 318 3 195 50 133 1899 53 074 2 342 3 907 59 323 1900 70 231 2 966 4 800 77 997 1901 62 736 2 815 4 605 70 156 1902 72 790 3 365 5 523 81 678 1903 69 199 3 336 5 355 77 890 1904 62 220 3 045 4 744 70 009 : Annual Reports on the Chinese Protectorate, the Straits Settlements, 189421904. (, 21 % - 23 %) 1877 1904,, 1894 1894 1904, 11 38 508 ( 1894 2 187 1895 2 470 1896 3 095 1897 2 261 1898 2 858 1899 3 070 1900 3 884 1901 3 983 1902 4 711 1903 5 058 1904 4 931 ),3501 ; 54 951, 4 996,,(6) 1891,10, 1891 1911 :1891 106 643 48 %( 11 %) ;1901 164 041 45 %( 9 %) ;1911 207 413 44 %3,, 1891 1911,Mak Lau Fong, The Dynamics of Chinese Dialect Groups in Early Malaya, p. 120 72
( :) 6 1894-1904 % ( :) % 1894 2 832 58. 2 % 1900 5 877 69. 2 % 1895 3 890 50. 5 % 1901 5 631 69. 1 % 1896 4 246 55. 6 % 1902 6 758 68. 9 % 1897 2 782 55. 8 % 1903 7 475 60. 1 % 1898 4 150 66. 4 % 1904 6 466 60. 1 % 1899 4 844 72. 8 % 54 951 62. 6 % : Annual Reports on the Chinese Protectorate, the Straits Settlements, 189421904. 10,1881,(34 508, 9 527 ),86 066 40 %( 11 %), 1881 1911,1881 34 508 1891 51 189 1901 73 818 1911 91 262,4 62 694, 1911, 1911, 142 348, 306 544 46. 4 %,( ) 255 984 55. 6 %19 80,, 19 20 ; ;1893 9 ((A ), ) : [1 ][2 ][3 ] :, :, :,2006,1 1881,(),:,:,1947,4 1786 1911,1786 1911 1911, 255 984 ( ), () 848 534 30. 2 % 73
[4 ] Yen Ching Hwang, The Overseas Chinese and the 1911 Revolution with Special Reference to Singapore and Malaya, Kuala Lumpur : Oxford University Press, 1976, p. 3. [5 ] :, :,2005,221 [6 ], :,, :,2002,45 [7 ] :,,: (3 ), :,1986,194 [8 ] : :, :,1985,44 ;Mak Lau Fong, The Dynamics of Chinese Dialect Groups in Early Malaya, Singapore : Singapore Society of Asian Studies, 1995, p. 81. [9 ][10 ] (Bookworm) :,, :,1936,149 138 [11 ][21 ] Victor Purcell, The Chinese in Southeast Asia, Kuala Lumpur : Oxford University Press,1980, pp. 244 2247,pp. 2482 249. [12 ][14 ] :, (Journal of the South Seas Society) 56,: (South Seas Society),2002 12,151 [13 ] Yen Ching2hwang,Early Fukienese Migration and Social Organization in Singapore and Malaya before 1900,in Yen Ching2 hwang, Community and Politics : The Chinese in Colonial Singapore and Malaysia, Singapore : Times Academic Press,1995, PP. 75277. [15 ] :, :,2001,47 [16 ] :< >, 1981 1,63-74 ; :, (Journal of the South Seas Society) 56,151 [17 ][18 ] :,,,7 8 [19 ][22 ][23 ][25 ] :,,:,1993,5 8 10 [20 ] :,:,1994,5 [ 24 ] W. L. Blythe.,Historical Sketch of Chinese Labour in Malaya, JMBRAS ( Journal of the Malayan Branch, Royal Asiatic Society), Vol. 20, Part 1, June, 1947, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, pp. 68271 ; Persia Crawford Campbell, Chinese Coolie Emigration to Countries within the British Empire, New York : Negro Universities Press, 1969,p. 1. [26 ] :,:,, :,1994,198 [27 ] :,,19 ;:,12 ;Mak Lau Fong, The Dynamics of Chinese Dialect Groups in Early Malaya,Singapore : Singapore Society of Asian Studies, 1995, p. 81. [28 ] :,:,1995,86 81 206 213 [29 ] :, :,1991,35 [30 ] :, :,1996,52 (84 ) [ : ] 74
[31 ] :, :,1998 [32 ] :, :,1960,492 [ : ] Economic Reconstruction of the Nguyen Dynasty and Development of Sino2Vietnamese Economic and Trade Relations LIANG Zhi2ming (Department of History, Beijing University, Beijing 100871) Abstract :The Nguyen Dynasty is the important and last one in Vietnamese history. Vietnamese academia has different, and even totally opposite evaluation on its historical effects. This article holds the point of view that the history of the Nguyen Dynasty can be divided into two periods2the prophase and the anaphase. In the prophase, the country got united and the polity was relatively stable. It plays a positive role in the economic reconstruction and in developing the economic and cultural relations with the Qing Dynasty. There were various reasons for explaining the rise and fall of the Nguyen Dynasty. The basic historical experience and lesson is that long2term stability requires the rulers to cater to the development trend of the times, reform and open up, and make continuous improvement. Key words :Vietnam, the Nguyen Dynasty, restoration and development of agriculture, economic and trade exchange, cultural communication (74 ) HokkiensMigration to the Straits Settlements during 164421911 WANG Fu2bing (Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian) Abstract :The Hokkiens migrated to the Straits Settlements rather early in the history, and the Straits Settlements were the main places where the Hokkien migrants in Malaya concentrated during the Qing Dynasty, especially the Late Qing Period. The Hokkiens constituted the largest dialect group among the various dialect groups in the Straits Settlements except that the number of the Hainanese was a bit more than that of the Hokkiens in 1911. The Hokkiens in Singapore had absolutely been the most numerous among all dialect groups since 1880s. In the late 19th and early 20th, centuries, the number of the Hokkien children migrants far exceeded that of other dialect groups or nationalities, and most of the Hokkien migrants from Amoy port were male. It was the abolition of the seafaring prohibition policy of the Qing Government in 1893 that had important effects on Hokkiens migration from Amoy port to the Straits Settlements, which meant the continuous increase in the number of Hokkien migrants in Singapore and Penang. Key words :Hokkien, migrant, Straits Settlements, dialect group 84