Latest Demographic Trends in Hong Kong 2

Talks on Specific Statistical Series 4 November 2008 1

Latest Demographic Trends in Hong Kong 2

Talks on Specific Statistical Series 2716 8001 assyu@censtatd.gov.hk 2716 8044 tstsang@censtatd.gov.hk Speakers Miss Amy YU, Senior Statistician (Census and Demographic Statistics) Tel: 2716 8001 E-mail: assyu@censtatd.gov.hk Mr T S TSANG, Statistician (Demographic Statistics) Tel: 2716 8044 E-mail: tstsang@censtatd.gov.hk 3

4 Outline Concept of Hong Kong population and data sources for compiling the population figures Population size and structure Fertility trend Mortality trend Marriage and divorce trend Discussion

Concept of Hong Kong Population and Data Sources 5

The Hong Kong Population Measured by the Hong Kong Resident Population Usual Residents: Residents who stay all the time or the majority of their time in Hong Kong 6 refer to two categories of people: (1) Hong Kong Permanent Residents who have stayed in Hong Kong for at least three months during the six months before or for at least three months during the six months after the reference time-point, regardless of whether they are in Hong Kong or not at the reference time-point; and (2) Hong Kong Nonpermanent Residents who are in Hong Kong at the reference time-point

The Hong Kong Population (Cont d) Mobile Residents: Residents who only spend the minority of their time in Hong Kong they are Hong Kong Permanent Residents who have stayed in Hong Kong for at least one month but less than three months during the six months before or for at least one month but less than three months during the six months after the reference time-point, regardless of whether they are in Hong Kong or not at the reference time-point 7

Important Concepts and Definitions 1. Demographic events (B), (D), (I), (O) Births (B), Deaths (D), Inflow (I), Outflow (O) 2. Population equation P t+1 = P t + B t D t + I t O t Natural Net Increase Movement 8 P t -t Population at time t

Population Census / Bycensus Other population and related data Benchmarking population data Prime sources of data for small areas and population sub-groups Statistical data from administrative systems (such as birth, death and passenger movement records) Sample surveys (for example, General Household Survey) Population projections 9 Population Data System

10 Population Size and Structure

Population (thousand persons) 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 High growth attributed to the high level of entrants from the Mainland Population Growth Low growth because of the large number of emigrants High growth attributed to the high level of returnees Annual Growth Rate (%) 7 6 5 4 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 Growth stabilized 3 2 1 0 11 0-1 # 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 Male # Provisional. Female Year Year-on-year growth rate (%)

Population pyramids Age Group 1978 1988 12 Male Female 85+ 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 Male Female 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 Thousand persons Thousand persons

Male Population pyramids 1998 2008# Female Age Group 85+ 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 Male Female 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 # Thousand persons Thousand persons Notes : # Provisional figures. 13 In the past 30 years, the base of the pyramids shrunk while the middle and the top widened.

100% 8.1% Population Ageing 40.4 12.7% 40 80% 38 Proportion of population 60% 40% 20% 69.8% 30.0 74.4% 36 34 32 30 Median age 22.1% 12.9% 28 0% 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 # Year 26 0 14 # Provisional figures.

Dependency Ratio Common indicator to measure the age structure of population Child dependency ratio is the number of persons aged under 15 per 1 000 persons aged between 15 and 64 Elderly dependency ratio is the number of persons aged 65 and over per 1 000 persons aged between 15 and 64 Overall dependency ratio is the number of persons aged under 15 and those aged 65 and over per 1 000 persons aged between 15 and 64 15

Dependency Ratio Year Child Elderly Overall 1994 278 135 413 1995 274 138 412 1996 263 143 406 1997 254 145 399 1998 247 147 394 1999 243 150 393 2000 235 152 386 2001 226 155 381 2002 219 159 378 2003 212 162 375 2004 203 165 368 2005 193 167 360 2006 185 168 354 2007 179 170 349 2008 # 174 170 344 : # Note: # Provisional figures. 16

Sex Ratio Common indicator to measure the sex composition Referring to the ratio of the number of males per 1 000 females 17

Sex Composition of the Population The sex ratio in Hong Kong decreased continuously from 1 001 in 1996 to 895 (provisional) in 2008, indicating that there was an excess of females. 18

Sex Composition of the Population (Cont d) The increase in the number of females was larger than that of males. 1996 2008 # Male 3 220 000 3 299 900 +2.5 Female 3 215 500 3 685 300 +14.6 Overall 6 435 500 6 985 200 1996 2008 # Percentage of increase during Sex 1996-2005* +8.5 # Note : # Provisional figures as at mid-year 19

20 (a) (a) Foreign Domestic Helpers included Age Group Year 0 14 15 24 25 44 45 64 65+ Overall 1996 1 075 1 023 944 1 143 824 1 001 1997 1 076 1 009 933 1 133 832 994 1998 1 077 999 919 1 122 843 987 1999 1 075 993 902 1 105 850 977 2000 1 074 992 881 1 094 856 967 2001 1 072 989 865 1 075 858 956 2002 1 065 1 004 849 1 053 856 947 2003 1 062 1 002 836 1 039 856 939 2004 1 063 985 822 1 024 855 929 2005 1 062 974 806 1 013 856 920 2006 1 063 972 790 1 003 856 912 2007 1 065 972 774 991 859 904 2008 # 1 071 975 758 975 863 895 Definition: Sex ratio refers to the ratio of the number of males per 1 000 females. : # Note: # Provisional figures. Sex Ratio by Age Group

Sex Ratio by Age Group (Cont d) 21 (b) (b) Foreign Domestic Helpers excluded Age Group Year 0 14 15 24 25 44 45 64 65+ Overall 1996 1 075 1 079 1 038 1 157 824 1 048 1997 1 076 1 053 1 035 1 155 832 1 044 1998 1 077 1 051 1 025 1 145 843 1 040 1999 1 075 1 050 1 008 1 130 850 1 031 2000 1 074 1 065 994 1 122 856 1 026 2001 1 072 1 074 986 1 105 858 1 021 2002 1 065 1 104 974 1 082 856 1 014 2003 1 062 1 085 946 1 067 857 998 2004 1 063 1 067 933 1 051 856 988 2005 1 062 1 045 920 1 041 856 979 2006 1 063 1 039 907 1 030 857 971 2007 1 065 1 032 898 1 019 860 965 2008 # 1 071 1 026 889 1 004 864 959 Definition: Sex ratio refers to the ratio of the number of males per 1 000 females. # Note: # Provisional figures.

Change in Sex Ratio of Each Age Group (Cont d) 0 14 0 14 Age Group 1 060 1 080 Remained fairly stable at 1 060 1 080, reflecting the biological phenomenon that there was a moderate excess of baby boys than baby girls at birth. 22

Change in Sex Ratio of Each Age Group (Cont d) 23 15 24 15 24 Age Group 1 023 975 Being 1 023 and 975 in 1996 and 2008 respectively, indicating that the numbers of males and females were roughly the same. A few female foreign domestic helpers working in Hong Kong are very young.

Change in Sex Ratio of Each Age Group (Cont d) 25 44 25 44 Age Group 944 758 Decreased from 944 in 1996 to 758 in 2008, indicating a large excess of females. 24

Change in Sex Ratio of Each Age Group (Cont d) Mainly due to: A large inflow of female One-way Permit Holders from the mainland of China joining their husbands in Hong Kong. A considerable number of female foreign domestic helpers working in Hong Kong. 25

Change in Sex Ratio of Each Age Group (Cont d) Increasing number of HK people staying substantially in the mainland of China for work and other purposes, of whom there are more men than women 26

Change in Sex Ratio of Each Age Group (Cont d) 45 64 45 64 Age Group: 1 143 975 Decreased from 1 143 in 1996 to 975 in 2008. 27

Change in Sex Ratio of Each Age Group (Cont d) 28 Due to the interplay of the following factors 70 80 Large inflow of people from the Mainland, of whom most were young men, in the late 1970s and early 1980s prior to abolition of the reached-base policy.

Change in Sex Ratio of Each Age Group (Cont d) 29 Female foreign domestic helpers working in Hong Kong. More men staying substantially in the mainland of China than women. Inflow of female One-way Permit Holders from the mainland of China joining their husbands in Hong Kong.

Change in Sex Ratio of Each Age Group (Cont d) 30 65 Age Group 65 and over: 824 863 Being 824 and 863 in 1996 and 2008 respectively, indicating that there was an excess of females. Mainly attributable to the fact that the expectation of life for females is higher than that for males.

31 Fertility Trend

Birth Statistics vs Fertility Statistics Birth statistics Statistics related to new born babies Common indicator: Crude birth rate Fertility statistics Statistics related to females giving births Common indicator: Total fertility rate 32

Birth Statistics ( ) Year Number of births Crude birth rate (per 1 000 population) 1961 110 884 35.0 1966 91 832 25.3 1971 79 789 19.7 1976 78 511 17.4 1981 86 751 16.8 1986 71 620 13.0 1991 68 281 12.0 1992 70 949 12.3 1993 70 451 12.0 1994 71 646 11.9 1995 68 637 11.2 1996 63 291 9.9 1997 59 250 9.1 1998 52 977 8.1 1999 51 281 7.8 2000 54 134 8.1 2001 48 219 7.2 2002 48 209 7.1 2003 46 965 7.0 2004 49 796 7.3 2005 57 098 8.4 2006 65 626 9.6 2007 70 875 10.2 33

34 Births born in Hong Kong to Mainland women, 2001 2007 (1) Reference period Number of live births (1) Of which number of live births born in Hong Kong to Mainland women: (2) (3) whose spouses are Hong Kong Permanent Residents whose spouses are not Hong Kong Permanent Residents (2) Others (3) Sub-total 2001 48 219 7 190 620-7 810 2002 48 209 7 256 1 250-8 506 2003 46 965 7 962 2 070 96 10 128 2004 49 796 8 896 4 102 211 13 209 2005 57 098 9 879 9 273 386 19 538 2006 65 626 9 438 16 044 650 26 132 2007 70 875 7 989 18 816 769 27 574 (1) Notes: (1) The figures refer to the total number of live births born in Hong Kong in the reference period counted by the occurrence time of the events (i.e. births actually taking place in that reference period). (2) (2) Include Hong Kong Non-permanent Residents (Persons from the Mainland having resided in Hong Kong for less than 7 years being grouped in this category) and visitors. (3) (3) Mainland mothers chose not to provide the father s residential status during birth registration.

Number and Proportion of Births (Total Known Births in HK) Born to Married/Unmarried Mothers, 1976-2006 Year 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 No. of births born to married mothers No. of births born to Total No. of births born to unmarried cohabitating mothers mothers No. of births born to registered marriage mothers 72 098 81 519 68 722 65 653 60 148 44 522 59 199 (91.8%) (94.0%) (96.0%) (96.2%) (95.0%) (92.3%) (90.2%) 6 262 5 038 2 696 2 353 2 677 3 160 5 177 (8.0%) (5.8%) (3.8%) (3.4%) (4.2%) (6.6%) (7.9%) 78 360 86 557 71 418 68 006 62 825 47 682 64 376 (99.8%) (99.8%) (99.7%) (99.6%) (99.3%) (98.9%) (98.1%) 151 194 202 275 466 537 1 250 (0.2%) (0.2%) (0.3%) (0.4%) (0.7%) (1.1%) (1.9%) Total no. 78 511 86 751 71 620 68 281 63 291 48 219 65 626 35

Fertility Total Fertility Rate (TFR) Most commonly used indicator to measure the fertility level of an economy. Referring to the average number of children that would be born alive to 1 000 women during their lifetime if they were to pass through their childbearing ages 15 49 experiencing the age specific fertility rates prevailing in a given year. 36

100 90 80 70 Number of births ( ) (thousand persons) 1977 Births : 80 022 TFR : 2 376 生 育 趨 勢 Fertility Trend Total fertility rate ( ) (per 1 000 women aged 15-49) 2007 Births : 70 875 TFR : 1 024 4 000 3 000 60 50 2 000 40 30 20 1 000 10 0 0 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 Number of births Year Total fertility rate 37 The fertility of Hong Kong women is reaching an extremely low level, much below the replacement level of 2 100.

Total Fertility Rate of Hong Kong Compared with Selected Economies Economy 1986 1991 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 (Number of live births per 1 000 women) Hong Kong 1 367 1 281 1 191 1 127 1 016 981 1 032 931 941 901 922 959 984 1 024 Australia 1 870 1 850 1 800 1 780 1 760 1 760 1 760 1 730 1 760 1 750 1 770 1 810 1 810 - Japan 1 720 1 530 1 430 1 390 1 380 1 340 1 360 1 330 1 320 1 290 1 290 1 260 1 320 1 340 Netherlands 1 550 1 610 1 530 1 560 1 630 1 650 1 720 1 710 1 730 1 750 1 730 1 710 1 720 1 720 Singapore 1 430 1 730 1 660 1 610 1 480 1 470 1 600 1 410 1 370 1 260 1 250 1 250 1 260 1 290 U.K. 1 780 1 820 1 730 1 720 1 720 1 680 1 640 1 630 1 640 1 710 1 770 1 780 1 840 1 900 U.S.A. 1 840 2 060 1 980 1 970 2 000 2 010 2 060 2 030 2 010 2 040 2 050 2 050 # - - # Provisional figures 38

Age Specific Fertility Rates 200 Number of live births per 1 000 women 150 100 50 0 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Age 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 39

低 生 育 率 的 主 要 因 素 Some Factors for Low Fertility Marriage postponement Increased prevalence of spinsterhood Postponement of low-order births Curtailment of high-order births 40

100 80 60 遲 婚 Marriage Postponement 况 Marital distribution of women aged 25-29 and median age of spinsters Percentage Age (years) 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.6 30.7 38.8 46.8 53.8 61.7 68.9 30 28 26 40 20 30.3 37.5 45.5 52.0 59.7 67.7 24 22 0 1981 1986 1991 Year 1996 2001 2006 Never Married Now Married Others Median age of Spinsters at marriage 020 41 23.9 28.2 Median age of spinsters at marriage rose from 23.9 in 1981 to 28.2 in 2006. Marriage postponement of women shortens their childbearing exposure period.

女 性 獨 身 情 況 增 加 Increased Prevalence of Spinsterhood 100 40 44 况 Marital distribution of women aged 40-44 Percentage 4.3 4.8 4.9 6.1 7.6 8.9 80 60 93.0 91.4 88.3 84.8 80.2 74.6 40 20 0 2.7 3.8 6.8 9.0 12.2 16.5 1981 1986 1991 Year 1996 2001 2006 Never Married Now Married Others 42 40 44 2.7% 16.5% Proportion of never-married women aged 40-44 increased from 2.7% in 1981 to 16.5% in 2006.

延 遲 低 次 活 產 Postponement of Low-order Births Median interval from marriage to first birth 35 Median interval (months) 30 25 20 15 10 5 14.7 21.9 0 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 Year 43 Median interval from marriage to first birth increased by 7 months during the past 25 years.

Percentage 100% 80% 60% 縮 減 高 次 活 產 Curtailment of High-order Births Percentage distribution of live births by order of live births 19% 36% 13% 9% 39% 39% 40% 20% 45% 49% 52% 44 0% 1986 1996 2006 Year First order Second order Third and higher-order 20 10 The proportion of the third and higher order live births dropped by 10 percentage points in the past 20 years.

縮 減 高 次 活 產 Curtailment of High-order Births Average Number of Children Ever Born by Mother s Year of Birth and Age Age 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Mother s 15 to before 15 to before 15 to before 15 to before 15 to before 15 to before 15 to before year of birth attaining 20 attaining 25 attaining 30 attaining 35 attaining 40 attaining 45 attaining 50 1936 0.18 1.16 2.50 3.31 3.67 3.73 3.73 1941 0.21 1.28 2.53 3.19 3.41 3.44 3.44 1946 0.20 1.20 2.36 2.86 3.00 3.02 3.02 1951 0.09 0.75 1.64 2.09 2.22 2.24 2.24 1956 0.09 0.58 1.28 1.68 1.84 1.86 1.86 1961 0.07 0.42 0.97 1.38 1.54 1.56 1966 0.04 0.23 0.69 1.06 1.21 1971 0.03 0.26 0.60 0.90 1976 0.03 0.19 0.48 1981 0.03 0.17 1986 0.02 45

46 Mortality Trend

Death statistics Common indicators Crude death rate Standardised death rate Expectation of life at birth 47

Mortality Crude death rate that year refers to the number of deaths in a given year per 1 000 mid-year population of 48 Standardised death rate refers to the standardised number of deaths divided by the standard population (expressed as per 1 000 population). The standardised number of deaths for a given age-sex group is computed by multiplying the age-sex specific mortality rate in a given year by the number of persons of the same age-sex group in the standard population

49 Death Statistics Year Number of deaths Crude death rate (per 1 000 population) Standardised death rate (per 1 000 population) 1961 19 325 6.1-1966 19 261 5.3-1971 20 374 5.0 12.6 1976 22 633 5.0 10.5 1981 24 832 4.8 9.0 1986 25 912 4.7 7.9 1991 28 429 5.0 7.6 1992 30 550 5.3 8.0 1993 30 571 5.2 7.6 1994 29 905 5.0 7.1 1995 31 468 5.1 7.1 1996 32 176 5.0 6.8 1997 31 738 4.9 6.5 1998 32 847 5.0 6.6 1999 33 258 5.0 6.5 2000 33 758 5.1 6.4 2001 33 378 5.0 6.0 2002 34 267 5.1 5.9 2003 36 971 5.5 6.1 2004 36 918 5.4 5.9 2005 38 830 5.7 5.9 2006 37 457 5.5 5.5 2007 39 476 5.7 5.5

Mortality Expectation of life at birth refers to the number of years that a person born in a given year is expected to live if he/she was subject to the prevalent mortality conditions as reflected by the set of age-sex specific mortality rates (the number of deaths occurring among 1 000 persons for a given sex in a given age group) for that year 50

出 生 時 平 均 預 期 壽 命 Expectation of Life at Birth 86 Expectation of life at birth (years) 84 85.5 82 Female 80 78 76 78.5 Male 79.4 74 72 70 72.3 68 66 0 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 Year 51

Expectation of Life at Birth of Selected Economies Hong Kong (2007) Singapore (2007) Japan (2007) Sweden (2007) Norway (2007) Netherlands (2007) Australia (2006) Denmark (2007) France (2007) # U.K. (2005) Germany (2007) U.S.A. (2005) # 50 60 70 80 90 100 Number of years Male Female 52 # Provisional figures

Expectation of life at birth for Hong Kong and selected economies Economy 1986 1991 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Male Hong Kong 74.1 75.2 76.7 77.2 77.4 77.7 78.0 78.4 78.5 78.5 79.0 78.8 79.4 79.4 Japan 75.2 76.1 77.0 77.2 77.2 77.1 77.7 78.1 78.3 78.4 78.6 78.5 79.0 79.2 Netherlands 73.1 74.0 74.7 75.2 75.2 75.3 75.5 75.8 76.0 76.2 76.9 77.2 77.6 78.0 Sweden 74.0 74.9 76.5 76.7 76.9 77.1 77.4 77.5 77.7 77.9 78.4 78.4 78.7 78.9 U.K. 71.9 73.2 74.3 74.3 74.8 75.0 75.4 75.7 75.9 76.3 76.3 76.9 - - U.S.A 71.2 72.0 73.1 73.6 73.8 73.9 74.3 74.4 74.5 74.8 75.2 75.2 # - - Female Hong Kong 79.4 80.7 82.7 83.2 83.0 83.2 83.9 84.6 84.5 84.4 84.8 84.6 85.5 85.5 Japan 80.9 82.1 83.6 83.8 84.0 84.0 84.6 84.9 85.2 85.3 85.6 85.5 85.8 86.0 Netherlands 79.6 80.2 80.4 80.6 80.7 80.4 80.6 80.7 80.7 80.9 81.4 81.6 81.9 82.3 Sweden 80.0 80.5 81.5 81.8 81.9 81.9 82.0 82.1 82.1 82.4 82.7 82.8 82.9 83.0 U.K. 77.7 78.7 79.4 79.6 79.7 79.9 80.2 80.4 80.5 80.7 80.9 81.3 - - U.S.A 78.2 78.9 79.1 79.4 79.5 79.4 79.7 79.8 79.9 80.1 80.4 80.4 # - - - # Notes: - Figures not available. # Provisional figures. 53

死 因 ( 腫 瘤, 循 環 系 統 疾 病, 呼 吸 系 統 疾 病, 其 他 ) Cause of Deaths (Neoplasms, Circulatory Disease, Respiratory Disease, Others) Percentage 100 (a) ICD 9 (b) ICD 10 Percentage 100 80 29.0 21.9 80 23.1 22.5 60 15.7 16.6 60 16.6 19.0 40 28.9 28.1 40 25.4 26.9 20 26.4 33.4 20 34.9 31.6 0 1981 2000 0 Year 2001 2007 54 Neoplasms Circulatory disease Respiratory disease Others

55 Marriage and Divorce Trend

Marriage statistics Common indicators Crude marriage rate Median age at marriage 56

Marriage Statistics ( ) Year Number of marriages Crude marriage rate (per 1 000 population) 1971 27 006 5.6 1976 39 617 7.8 1981 50 756 8.4 1986 43 280 6.8 1991 42 568 6.9 1992 45 702 7.5 1993 41 681 6.8 1994 38 264 6.1 1995 38 786 6.1 1996 37 045 5.5 1997 37 593 5.7 1998 31 673 4.8 1999 31 287 4.7 2000 30 879 4.6 2001 32 825 4.8 2002 32 070 4.7 2003 35 439 5.2 2004 41 376 6.1 2005 43 018 6.3 2006 50 328 7.3 2007 47 453 6.8 Definition: Crude marriage rate refers to the number of marriages registered in a calendar year per thousand mid-year population of that year. 57

Number of First Marriages and Remarriages 50 Thousands 40 First marriage 30 20 10 Remarriage 0 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Year 58

Median Age at Marriage 59 Males Females Year Bachelors Divorcees Widowers Spinsters Divorcees Widows 1986 28.0 36.5 53.1 25.3 31.4 38.7 1987 28.3 36.7 52.5 25.6 31.8 38.7 1988 28.6 37.1 51.3 25.8 32.3 39.7 1989 28.7 37.6 54.9 26.1 32.5 39.9 1990 28.9 37.4 53.2 26.3 32.6 40.1 1991 29.1 37.7 53.6 26.2 33.2 40.4 1992 29.4 37.9 53.1 26.3 33.2 39.2 1993 29.6 38.4 51.4 26.5 33.2 40.2 1994 29.6 38.5 51.7 26.5 33.5 40.2 1995 30.0 39.1 52.5 26.9 33.9 39.7 1996 30.0 39.2 50.8 26.9 33.8 40.7 1997 29.6 39.4 52.9 26.8 33.7 41.1 1998 29.8 39.8 55.6 26.9 34.3 43.2 1999 29.9 40.2 54.4 27.0 34.1 42.1 2000 30.0 40.6 57.5 27.3 34.9 42.2 2001 30.2 41.4 59.0 27.5 35.0 42.9 2002 30.5 42.6 59.6 27.6 35.7 42.6 2003 30.8 43.1 61.0 27.8 35.7 43.7 2004 31.1 43.4 62.1 28.1 36.3 42.7 2005 31.2 44.8 63.6 28.0 37.0 43.6 2006 31.2 44.3 62.1 28.2 36.8 43.8 2007 31.2 44.9 59.7 28.3 36.9 43.3

Divorce Statistics Year Divorce petitions Divorce filed decrees Crude divorce rate General divorce rate (per 1 000 population) (per 1 000 population aged 15+) 1976 1 054 809 0.18 0.26 1981 2 811 2 060 0.40 0.53 1986 5 339 4 257 0.77 1.00 1991 7 287 6 295 1.11 1.40 1996 12 834 9 473 1.48 1.82 1997 13 827 10 492 1.62 1.98 1998 13 399 13 129 2.01 2.44 1999 12 732 13 408 2.03 2.46 2000 12 748 13 247 1.99 2.39 2001 13 737 13 425 2.00 2.39 2002 15 233 12 943 1.92 2.28 2003 15 915 13 829 2.05 2.43 2004 14 233 15 604 2.30 2.70 2005 14 956 14 873 2.18 2.54 2006 16 410 17 424 2.54 2.94 2007 15 846 18 403 2.66 3.06 60 Source: Divorce figures were provided by the Judiciary, whereas the population figures were provided by the Census and Statistics Department.

粗 離 婚 率 3.0 2.5 Crude divorce rate (per 1 000 population) 2.66 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.40 0 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 Year 61 0.40 2.66 The crude divorce rate increased rapidly from 0.40 per 1 000 population in 1981 to 2.66 in 2007.

Never married males compared with never married females, 1996 and 2006 Female 1996* 2006* Difference Male Female Difference Male Age group (1) (2) (3)=(1) (2) (4) (5) (6)=(4) (5) 20 24 211 400 181 700 29 700 (1 164) 218 400 202 500 15 800 (1 078) 25 29 174 800 127 400 47 400 (1 372) 181 900 159 200 22 700 (1 143) 30 34 118 700 77 300 41 400 (1 536) 118 300 93 000 25 300 (1 272) 35 39 59 200 40 700 18 500 (1 456) 72 200 63 700 8 600 (1 135) 40 44 26 800 20 300 6 500 (1 318) 55 500 53 900 1 600 (1 030) 45 49 16 900 10 500 6 500 (1 618) 31 900 36 800-4 900 (868) : Notes: Figures in brackets refer to the corresponding sex ratios. * * Excluding foreign domestic helpers. 62

No. 50 000 45 000 40 000 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0-5 000-10 000 29 700 Excess of Never Married Males with Never Married Females 15 800 47 400 22 700 41 400 25 300 18 500 8 600 6 500 6 500 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 1 600-4 900 63 Age group of males 1996 2006

Never married males aged 20 49 compared with never married females 3 years younger, 1996 and 2006 1996* 2006* Age group of Male Female Difference Male Female Difference males (1) (2) (3)=(1) (2) (4) (5) (6)=(4) (5) 20 24 211 400 189 500 21 900 (1 116) 218 400 212 400 6 000 (1 028) 25 29 174 800 165 400 9 400 (1 057) 181 900 194 700-12 900 (934) 30 34 118 700 104 200 14 400 (1 138) 118 300 127 000-8 700 (931) 35 39 59 200 61 100-1 900 (969) 72 200 79 000-6 800 (914) 40 44 26 800 30 400-3 600 (881) 55 500 59 300-3 800 (936) 45 49 16 900 15 900 1 000 (1 061) 31 900 47 700-15 800 (669) : Notes: Figures in brackets refer to the corresponding sex ratios. * * Excluding foreign domestic helpers. 64

25 000 Excess of Never Married Males with Never Married Females 3 Years Younger 21 900 20 000 15 000 14 400 No. 10 000 5 000 0 6 000 9 400 1 000-5 000-1 900-3 600-3 800-10 000-8 700-6 800-15 000-20 000-12 900 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 -15 800 65 Age group of males 1996 2006

Cross Boundary Marriages Hong Kong males can marry females from the mainland of China in two ways: - Hong Kong males can apply for a Certificate of Absence of Marriage Record (CAMR) and get married in the mainland of China. - Females from the mainland of China can come to Hong Kong as visitors and registered their marriages with Hong Kong males in Hong Kong. 66 (and vice versa)

67 Year (1) Number of Marriages Registered in Hong Kong with Bridegrooms/Brides from the Mainland of China (1) and Successful Applicants of Certificate of Absence of Marriage Records (CAMR) for the Purpose of Marrying in the Mainland of China Marriages Issue of Total (2) Year registered in HK CAMR Bridegrooms are Hong Kong residents and Brides from the mainland of China Male 1996 2 215 22 349 24 564 1997 2 269 26 040 28 309 1998 2 685 16 416 19 101 1999 3 054 14 752 17 806 2000 3 834 13 886 17 720 2001 5 169 13 211 18 380 2002 7 724 10 127 17 851 2003 10 185 7 501 17 686 2004 13 126 7 842 20 968 2005 16 775 8 094 24 869 2006 18 182 9 963 28 145 2007 15 978 5 910 21 888 (2) Marriages Issue of Total (2) registered in HK CAMR Brides are Hong Kong residents and Bridegrooms from the mainland of China Female 1996 269 1 552 1 821 1997 366 1 824 2 190 1998 390 1 313 1 703 1999 369 1 118 1 487 2000 546 1 142 1 688 2001 723 1 636 2 359 2002 977 1 394 2 371 2003 1 324 1 083 2 407 2004 1 888 1 504 3 392 2005 2 726 2 193 4 919 2006 3 406 3 077 6 483 2007 2 490 1 825 4 315 (1) (2) Notes: (1) Bridegrooms/brides from the mainland of China refer to persons from the mainland of China whose duration of stay in Hong Kong is less than one year. This figure is estimated with reference to two data items in the individual registered marriage records provided by the Immigration Department on a monthly basis: place of previous residence being in the mainland of China and duration of stay in Hong Kong being less than one year. The figure thus compiled might have included a few one-way permit holders entering Hong Kong and getting married in less than one year. Nevertheless, it still provides a good proxy indicator to cross-boundary marriage statistics. (2) Since successful applicants of CAMR for the purpose of marrying in the mainland of China may not eventually lead to marriages, the total figure above only gives a crude indicator of the total number of marriages. (2)

Number of registered marriages in HK with both bridegrooms and brides are HK residents Year Number of Of whom: Both bridegrooms and marriages in HK brides are Hong Kong residents 1996 37 045 31 143 (84%) 1997 37 593 31 592 (84%) 1998 31 673 25 172 (79%) 1999 31 287 24 565 (79%) 2000 30 879 23 804 (77%) 2001 32 825 24 176 (74%) 2002 32 070 20 713 (65%) 2003 35 439 21 441 (61%) 2004 41 376 23 853 (58%) 2005 43 018 21 102 (49%) 2006 50 328 25 682 (51%) 2007 47 453 25 280 (53%) 68

69 Thank you