2011 2011 A B A 18 A 2006 2007 2008 2007 2007a 2007b 2007 2010 2010 2011 2009 2007 2011 23

A 18 * A 18 A D035. 1 A 1674-2486 2015 02-0022 - 25 Bennett 1976 Cell 1977 Whyte 1974 * chennabo@ mail. sysu. edu / 12YJC840048 13YJA810002 985 22

2011 2011 A B A 18 A 2006 2007 2008 2007 2007a 2007b 2007 2010 2010 2011 2009 2007 2011 23

2007 2009 2000 2007 2009 2011 2011 1 2011 84 1 24

1 2011 2011 2012 2012 1999 2011 67 2011 1 2011 25

Bureaucracy 2009 2012 26

2014 2010 2011 2012 A B 2011 2012 2009 1 2 1 2 27

2012 142 VS VS A 18 A 2006 28

2007 2008 1989 1989 600 A 1990 2002 1990 1991 9 A A 1992 2003 2004 2003 A 2004 A 2005 2006 2003 A 2005 2006 A A 2007 2008 A 2007 A A A 29

A 18 A 1990 2006 2007 2008 2006 1990 2006 1990 A 1990 2006 16 2005 2006 1. A 1990 30

A 2. 1991 9 A 2004 1 2 3. A A 1 A 1 / A 2 1 A 31

A A 1 A A 1 / 1 A 1 2 1000 A A 1 2 32

1 A 100% 90% 70% 60% A A 85% 80% 30% A 2004 70% 2 2 A A A 2004 10 1 2 A 2005 30% 50% 33

3 1 A 10 65 A A 2 A 4. A 18 7 3 1 A A 2 A 3 34

1 A 2 A 2004 9 1 9 12 A A A 1998 1 A A 18 A A ZJ 1 2013 3 8 2008 35

1 5. A 7 2005 2006 2005 A A 2006 6 A A A 2012 A A 16 1. 1 A ZJ 36

16 A A A 2. A 1989 A 1991 A 2003 A W20130403 2003 37

3. 2002 A 90% 80% X20130306 A 1993 A A Z J 1994 A 1995 8 Z J A A 1996 10 Z A 1998 2 A J Z 9 L J 2002 1 1 A 38

Z A A 10 A A 6 2000 2006 4. A A A A A 2003 A 2 H20130403 39

A A 2007 2005 2006 A 2005 2006 A A A A 2006 A 17 A 2007 A 2007 2007 2007 A 40

2007 1 8 950. 61 26 311 50 2007 2007 W20130403 A 1991 / W20130402 2007 17 A 41

2007 12 A 1 2007 A 2 A A A 1 / A A 1 A 42

A 44 29 2 2 A 1990 2008 1990 1999 2000 2008 18 11 29 1997 10 10 8 18 2 42 44 2005 2007 29 30 61 91 A A A L20130401 2007 A 4 8 5. 6 3 1 1. 6 1 A 1 2013 4 1 2007 43

2007 8 14 A A 18 16 17 18 A A 44

2011. A. 3 68-87. 2012. 2 135-143. 2010.. 1978 2004.. 2010.. 3 83-106. 2002.. 2011. 73-97... 1 2007a.. 2 29-32. 45

2007b. 1999. 2009. 2 46-54.. 10 56-58. 1768.... 2008.. http / /news. qq. com /a /20080301 /000937. htm. 2013 3 8. 2014. S. 2 70-96 171-172. 2007. 3 115-131. 2009. 2 31-35. 2000. 95-98. 2009. 92 244. 2007.... 6. 2 61 - S. 7 114-128. 2009. 2011. 2012.. 3 54-77 244.. 10 67-85.. 9 105-125. 2007.. 5 5. 6 http / /news. qq. com /a /20071106 /002364. htm. 2013 4 1. Bennett G. A. 1976. Yundong Mass Campaigns in Chinese Communist Leadership. Berkeley Center for Chinese Studies University of California. Cell C. P. 1977. Revolution at Work Mobilization Campaigns in China. New York Academic Press. Whyte M. K. 1974. Bureaucracy and Anti - Bureaucracy in the People' Republic of China. in Britan G. & Cohenzz R. Eds. Hierarchy and Society Anthropological Perspectives on Bureaucracy. Philadelphia Institute for the Study of Human Issues. 46

JPA Journal of Public Administration Vol. 8 No. 2 2015 SYMPOSIUM Introduction Campaign - style Governance Supervision Mechanism The Channel for Bureaucracy Mobilization Abstract Nabo Chen Jiajian Chen After researching the Chinese administrative system many scholars argue that two different patterns exist - bureaucracy and mobilization - in practical administrative process. However there's no definite analysis of the symbiotic relationship between these two administrative patterns. For the local government mobilizing the bureaucracy system is the key to effective administration. So there must be some special mechanism to coordinate the two patterns. Through empirical studies the author finds that the supervision department in most local governments is a channel for coordinating and integrating the two administrative patterns. In the process of informing important policy coordinating conflicts between bureaucracy departments managing key projects and solving difficult problems the supervision mechanism may be activated. Through the supervision mechanism the horizontal relationships between bureaucracy departments are coordinated and the vertical powers are realized. In this process the administrative resources are reconstructed and concentrated to make preparation for mobilizing the bureaucracy system. Keywords Supervision Bureaucracy Mobilization Mobilizing Bureaucracy Legitimacy Loading A New Explanation for the Political Campaign in China 18 Years of Creating a National Sanitary City in a Chinese City Yan Xu Nana Fan & Nabo Chen Abstract To govern by campaign is generally treated as an alternative to govern by bureaucracy in China. This is a case study of the 18 year campaign in a Chinese city known as Creating a National Sanitary City Chuangwei. The campaign was learned adopted and routinized by the bureaucracy all of which led to the failure of the campaign for the first 16 years. The campaign regained its power and finally succeeded because years of failure led to the legitimacy loading of the campaign which triggered a real campaign. Further this study argues that legitimacy loading should be the key to understanding the inter - transformational mechanism between the campaign and bureaucracy. Keywords Governance Political Campaign Legitimacy Loading 179