2018 6 54 2 37-46 Guidance Quarterly, 54(2), 37-46. July 2018 以情緒取向伴侶治療探究外遇與依附關係創傷之修復歷程 : 依附創傷處遇模式之理念與應用 The Healing Process of Affairs and Attachment Injuries In Emotionally Focused Marital Therapy: The Rationale and Application of Attachment Injury Repair Model (AIRM) 1 2 杜珝萌 藍菊梅 Hsu-Meng Tu 1, Chu-Mei Lan 2 摘要外遇如同一把鋒利的刀在婚姻中劃出一道深邃傷口, 外遇更是多數伴侶求助的緣由 然而, 外遇的背景及依附關係, 成為外遇是否使伴侶產生依附創傷的指標 本文從實務經驗觀察, 求助伴侶諮商之當事人有七成以上是針對伴侶外遇而來, 其中近九成諮商目標希望透過伴侶諮商重建親密關係 當伴侶的依附關係因外遇事件導致依附創傷, 使雙方難以在互動中找到修復關係之方法, 不同依附類型的情緒調節及內在運作模式影響其溝通模式, 導致關係連結有困難 本文透過文獻回顧及筆者之實務經驗, 首先彙整各個依附類型的重要概念, 探討依附類型如何影響溝通模式, 再論述逃避退縮外遇者及焦慮矛盾的被外遇者, 探究情緒取向伴侶治療下伴侶依附創傷的修復歷程, 以期提供適切方向提升日後輔導諮商人員協助伴侶治療的品質 關鍵詞 : 壹 前言 Emotionally Focused Therapy EFT 2016 2006 The tendency to seek proximity 1 2 251151 E D104E-m a i l snoopy79725@gms.tku.edu.tw 37
Makinen Johnson 2006 54% EFT Johnson, 2004 2011 EFT EFT EFT Johnson & Whiffen, 1999 EFT Z i m m e r m a n n M a i e r W i n t e r Grossmann 2001 EFT Johson, 2004 2011 貳 情緒取向伴侶治療一 依附類型概述 EFT Johnson, 2004 2011 Johnson, 2013 2016 EFT ( 一 ) 安全依附型 2012 38
( 二 ) 不安全依附型 1. E F T Pursuer2014 Johnson, 2013 2. E F T withdrawer Johson, 2004 2011 3. disorganized 15-20% 2013 2013 二 依附類型與內在運作模式 Bowlby 1980 39
1 依附類型與其內在運作模式 ( 引自 Hazan & Shaver, 1987) 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. ( 一 ) 安全依附型之內在運作模式 C o l l i n s & F e e n e y, 2004Johnson 2013 ( 二 ) 焦慮矛盾型之內在運作模式 Johnson 2013 Johnson, 2013 ( 三 ) 逃避退縮型之內在運作模式 Collins Feeney 2000 ( 四 ) 混亂依附型之內在運作模式 2016 Johnson, 2004 2011 參 伴侶外遇與依附創傷 2015 40
Johnson, 2004 2011 一 何謂依附創傷 Johnson & Whiffen, 1999 Attachment Injuries Naaman, Pappas, Makinen, Zuccarini, & Johnson, 2005 EFT 2015 2015 2002 二 外遇與依附創傷的表現 EFT 1 2 3 2015 EFT 2016 肆 伴侶外遇之依附創傷修復歷程 EFT 2016 85% 41
Johnson 2004 2011 EFT Makinen Johnson 2006 The Attachment Injury Resolution Model, AIRM AIRM AIRM 8 20 Johnson 2004 2011 1 2 3 Z u c c a r i n i, Johnson, Dalgleish, & Makinen, 2013 一 第一階段 降低負向循環 Zuccarini, et al., 2013 ( 一 ) 第一步驟 Johnson, 2004 2011 2016 2016 EFT Johnson, 2004 2011 ( 二 ) 第二步驟 Johnson, 42
2004 2011 Zuccarini, et al., 2013 ( 三 ) 第三步驟 Zuccarini, et al., 2013 2016 ( 四 ) 第四步驟 J o h n s o n, 2012 2016 二 第二階段 改變互動位置 Zuccarini, et al., 2013 Johnson, 2004 2011 ( 一 ) 第五步驟 EFT Johnson, 2004 2011 2016 43
Davila, Karney, & Bradbury, 1999; Johnson, 2008 Accessibility Responsiveness Zuccarini, et al., 2013 2016 ( 二 ) 第六步驟 Johnson 2004 2011 2016 ( 三 ) 第七步驟 2016 Johnson 2004 2011 Johnson, 2004 2011 2016 44
三 第三階段 強化與整合 EFT Zuccarini, et al., 2013EFT 2016 ( 一 ) 第八步驟 Makinen & Johnson, 2006 2016 ( 二 ) 第九步驟 EFT 伍 結果與討論 EFT EFT 參考文獻 2015 5 1 214-20 2012 44 2 273-293 2015 S. M.JOHNSON 2002 2013 45
9 167-93 2006 2014 54 6 46-56 2014 S. M. Johnson 2013 2011V.S. S. M. Johnson 2004 20166 EFT / ASIA EFT Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss, volume 3: loss; sadness and depression. Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe h a v e n : A n a t t a c h m e n t t h e o r y perspective on support-seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1053-1073. Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2004). Working models of attachment shape perceptions of social support: evidence from experimental and observational studies. Journal of personality and social psychology, 87 (3), 363. Davila, J., Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (1999). Attachment change processes in the early years of marriage. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 783-802. Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52 (3), 511. Johnson, S. M., & Whiffen, V. E. (1999). M a d e t o m e a s u r e : A d a p t i n g emotionally focused couples therapy to partners' attachment styles. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 6, 366-381. Johnson, S. M. (2008). Couple and family therapy: An attachment perspective. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications, 2, 811-829. Johnson, S. M. (2012). The practice of emotionally focused couple therapy: Creating connection. Routledge. Makinen, J. D., & Johnson, S. M. (2006). Resolving attachment injuries in couples using emotionally focused therapy: Steps toward forgiveness and reconciliation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74,1055-1064. Naaman, S., Pappas, J. D., Makinen, J., Zuccarini, D., &Johnson-Douglas, S. (2005). Treating attachment injured couples with emotionally focused therapy: A case study approach. Psychiatry, 68 (1), 55-77. Zuccarini, D., Johnson, S. M., Dalgleish, T. L., & M a k i n e n, J. A. ( 2 0 1 3 ). Forgiveness and reconciliation in emotionally focused therapy for couples: The client change process and therapist interventions. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 39 (2), 148-162. 46