微生物学通报 SEP 20, 2009, 36(9): 1397~1403 Microbiology tongbao@im.ac.cn 2009 by Institute of Microbiology, CAS 专论与综述 预报微生物学在食品安全风险评估中的作用 * 胡洁云欧杰 李柏林 ( 201306) 摘要 : 随着中国食品工业的发展, 食品安全问题日益凸显, 建立一种准确及时的食品安全风险评估是产品市场对食品安全体系提出的挑战 预报微生物学是食品安全风险评估的核心预警技术, 依据建立的预报微生物学模型, 可快速地对食品中的致病菌和腐败菌生长情况进行判断, 对食品中病原微生物和腐败微生物的控制有重要的意义 本文概述了预报微生物学模型的建立和研究现状, 探讨预报微生物学在食品安全风险评估中的应用现状, 概述了预报微生物学模型在食品安全风险评估应用中的发展前景 关键词 : 预报微生物学, 预报模型, 食品安全风险评估 The Role of Predictive Microbiology in Food Safety Risk Assessment HU Jie-Yun OU Jie * LI Bai-Lin (College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China) Abstract: With the development of the food industry in China, it has been found that food safety is becoming the biggest issue in the food manufacture and logistics. Accurate and timely to establish a risk assessment method in produce market is the challenge for food safety system. Predictive microbiology is a core early warning technology in the food safety risk assessment. According to the microorganism predicting model, the pathogen and spoilage microorganism s growth in food can be fast judgment in advance. And it plays an important part in controlling the growth of pathogen and the spoilage microorganism in food. This paper summarized the predictive microbiology model s establishment and the present research situation, and discussed the present situation and application of predictive microbiology in food safety risk assessment. The future trend of predictive microbiology in food safety risk assessment was prospected as well. Keywords: Predictive microbiology, Predicting model, Food safety risk assessment,,, [1],, ( O157: H7 基金项目 : (No. 2007BAD52B05) * 通讯作者 :Tel: 86-21-61900382; : jou@shou.edu.cn 收稿日期 :2009-01-04; 接受日期 :2009-03-20
1398 微生物学通报 2009, Vol.36, No.9 ) [2], 25% [3],,,,, 10 2009 6 1,,,,, 1 预报微生物学 1.1 预报微生物学概况 (Predictive Microbiology) [4] 80,,, 1.2 预报微生物学模型的建立与研究现状,,, 19, (TDT) Z F D,,, Buchanan Whiting [5] 1.2.1 初级模型 (Primary model): 1825, Gompertz, S, Gibson [6] Gompertz,, S,, : LogN=A+C/{1+exp [ B(t M )]} N ; A ; C (); M ; B, (Linear model) (Logistic function) Gompertz Baranyi & Roberts ; Logistic Gompertz, Gompertz,, Gibson Zwietering [7] :, Gompertz S, Gomeprtz 3, Buchanan RL [8] (Three phase linear model) Branyi Gompertz Escherichia coli O157:H7, Gompertz 1.2.2 二级模型 (Secondary model):
: 1399,, ( ph ) 3 : (Response surface equation) (Square root model) Arrhenius [9] Escherichia coli O157:H7, ph NaCl Raktowksy [10],,,, ;, ;,,,,,,, [11] :, Smith [12], ph Lindroth [13], 1.2.3 三级模型 (Tertiary model):,,,,, : ; ;, [14], 1988, Food MicroModel, Food Micro- Model, PMP(Pathogen modelling program) (http://www.arserrc.gov/mfs) 2003 5, 2, ComBase(Combined database) [15] 2003 7,, ComBase 2006, 2 ComBase, ComBase Predictor 25000, (www.combase.cc),,,,, MKES (Microbial kinetics expert system) FMM (Food MicroModel) (Seafood spoilage and safety predictor, SSSP), 1999 (Seafood spoilage predictor, SSP, http://www. dfu.min.dk) (Relative rate of spoilage, RRS) (Microbial spoilage, MS), 2 预报微生物学与食品安全风险评估的关系,,
1400 微生物学通报 2009, Vol.36, No.9,,,, (Risk assessment), [16] 20 80,,,,,, 1998, O157: H7, Haas CN Rose JB [17] O157: H7 -,,, [18],,,,,,,, 4, 1) () ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) [19],,,, 3 微生物风险评估在预测水产品安全中的应用,,,, 20 60,, Spencer [20] Olley [21],, Daud [22] Olley 90, Dalgaard [23],, Dalgaard [23,24]
: 1401 ;,, (Pseudomonas spp.) (Shewanella putrefaciens) (Photobacterium phosphoreum), FSP(Food spoilage predictor) SSP(Seafood spoilage predictor) [25,26],,, Tasmania (FSP, Foods spoilage predictor), [27], (Pseudomonas putida)1442, Aw ph 800, 500,,, (Accuracy factor, Af),,, (Bias) 20% FSP, [28], FSLP(Fish shelf life predictor); Lalitha KV Surendran PK [29], [30], 4 研究前景与展望,,,, : 1),,,, 2), 3),,, 4), : (Quorum sensing),,
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