Nutritional solutions to improve the PSY of sows 提高母猪 PSY 的营养关键技术 Prof. De Wu 吴德教授 Institute of Animal Nutrition Sichuan Agricultural University 四川农业大学动物营养研究所 Oct. 12, 2017
Contents 内容 1 Introductions 前言 2 Nutritional solutions for gilts 后备母猪营养关键技术 3 Nutritional solutions for gestation sows 妊娠母猪营养关键技术 4 Nutritional solutions for lactating sows 泌乳母猪营养关键技术 5 Management of backfat thickness 背膘管理
国内外高产母猪生产水平对比 Comparison of reproductive performance of sows 项目 Parameter 1. Introduction 前言 丹麦 Denmark 美国 USA 中国 China 窝产仔数 Total Born,n 14 12.0 12.1 窝活产仔数 Total born alive,n 13.8 11.4 10.1 窝产断奶数 Number of weaning,n 12.4 10.2 8.8 断奶存活率 Preweaning survival,% 92 90 88 分娩窝数 Parities farrowed, n 2.4 2.4 2.1 发情间隔 Weaning-to-estrus interval, n < 7 < 7 >7 年产仔猪数 PSY,n 30 24 18 注 : 数据摘自 (Jensen, 2011) 和吴德 (2010)( 中国统计 500 头母猪以上规模化场 30 个 )
Definition of PSY 什么是 PSY? Number of the weaning piglets provided per sow per year 母猪年产断奶仔猪数, 或每头母猪每年所能提供的断奶仔猪数 PSY is the key economic parameter for swine production 衡量猪场经济效益的重要指标 Calculation of PSY PSY 计算方法? PSY = Number of weaning piglets parities farrowed 窝断奶仔猪数 * 年产胎次
Factors influencing the PSY 影响母猪年产仔猪数的因素 PSY 断奶仔猪数 / 母猪 / 年 断奶仔猪头数 / 窝 (65%) Number of weaning piglets 窝数 / 母猪 / 年 (35%) Parities farrowed per sow per year 活产仔猪数 Total born(70%) 断奶前死亡率 Pre-weaning death(30%) 泌乳期时间 Lactation length(10%) 非生产天数 Non-pregnant day(90%) 妊娠期时间 Gestation length(0%) (Anonymous,2003) Weaning-toestrous interval 发情间隔 (25%) Conception failure 返情 (35%) Culling 淘汰 (40%)
Conception rate 配种率解决的关键问题2 Key nutritional solutions for replacement gilts 后备母猪营养关键技术 Puberty onset 初情期启动 Estrus rate of the 2 nd,3 rd estrus 二 三情期发情率 Health of ovary and uterus, quality of oocytes 卵巢和子宫健康 卵母细胞质量
Rational for nutritional regulation of pubertal onset and follicle development 营养调控后备母猪初情启动和卵泡发育原理图 Energy levels and sources 能量水平及来源 High fat 高脂日粮 Blood metabolites 血液代谢物 (Glu,TG 和 TCH) Peripheral tissue 感受器官 Hormone 激素 (Insulin, IGF-Ⅰ 和 leptin) light 光照 steroid hormone 类固醇激素 Kisspeptin 下丘脑神经肽 GnRH FSHR,LHR 垂体 (FSH, LH) Folliculalr fluid 卵泡液 (IGF-Ⅰ 和 E 2 ) Theriogenology (IF2.04),Reproduction in Domestic Animal (IF1.58)
Rationalfornutritional regulation of primordial follicle activation and maturation forreplacement gilts 营养调控后备母猪卵泡激活与发育原理图 Starch Soluble DF Insoluble DF Microbiota
Trail 1 Effects of energy levels and sources on puberty onset and follicle development 能量水平和来源对后备母猪情期启动及卵泡发育的影响 Materials and methods 120 LY gilts 材料与方法 3 2 Energy levels : 能量水平 87.5% (Low), 100% (Medium) 112.5% (High) Energy sources: 能量来源 Rich in starch 富含淀粉 Rich in fat 富含脂肪 59.0 ± 4.2 kg 147 ± 3 d 周东胜, 周平, 谭现义吴德,2007
Fat-rich diet influenced puberty onset, whereas starch-rich diet promote oocyte maturation. 能量来源影响母猪发情率, 以脂肪为主供能提前初情期日龄, 以淀粉为主供能促进卵泡发育 和成熟 IGF-I GDNF and E2 Follicular fluid 卵泡液 Cumulus expansion 卵丘扩散 Cumulus cell Oocyte First polar body 第一极体 Granulosa cells 颗粒细胞 (Therogenology 2010, corresponding author)
Trail 2 Effects of dietary energy sources on reproductive performance of gilts 能量来源对后备母猪生产性能的影响 基础日粮 +50kg/t 淀粉 Basal diet: +50kg/t starch 基础日粮 +30kg/t 脂肪 Basal diet: +30kg/t fat 基础日粮 +30kg/t fat + 8kg/t soluble fiber Basal diet: +30kg/t fat + 8kg/t soluble fiber Gilts 后备母猪 55-100kg: Ad libitum 自由采食 100kg-puberty: 2.5kg/d 石晓琳, 吴德,2013
Effects of energy sources on puberty onset of gilts 能量来源对后备母猪初情启动的影响 Starch 淀粉组 Fat 脂肪组 Fiber 纤维组 Number of sows 母猪数 BF at puberty,mm 初情背膘 BW at puberty,kg 初情体重 Age at puberty 初情日龄 49 56 54 14.20 ± 0.34 b 15.08 ± 0.29 a 14.28 ± 0.28 b 125.74 ± 2.86 b 134.44 ±2.43 a 120.28 ± 2.05 b 241.02± 4.19 a 244.30±3.69 a 228.65±2.92 b Dietary soluble fiber is more beneficial for puberty onset with the same energy intake 等能摄入情况下, 纤维更有利于初情启动
Subsequent reproductive performance in 1 st -parity sows 能量来源对一胎母猪产仔性能的影响 Item Starch 淀粉组 Fat 脂肪组 Fat+DF 脂肪 + 纤维 Number of sows 母猪数 49 51 55 Total born,n 带仔数 9.90±0.78 9.95±0.57 10.48±0.69 Piglets born alive,n 活产仔数 9.55±0.77 9.68±0.56 10.04±0.69 IUGR,n 弱仔数 0.84±0.21 ab 1.19±0.29 a 0.60±0.15 b Subsequent reproductive performance in 2 nd -parity sows 能量来源对二胎母猪产仔性能的影响 项目 Starch 淀粉组 Fat 脂肪组 Fat+DF 脂肪 + 纤维 Total born,n 总产仔数 11.15±0.43 10.39±0.53 11.44±0.61 Piglets born alive,n 活产仔数 10.31±0.42 9.34±0.59 10.86±0.57 Litter weight,kg 初生窝重 14.95±0.81 14.23±0.73 15.37±0.86 Stillborn piglets,n 死胎数 0.35±0.10 0.79±0.23 0.46±0.15 IUGR,n 弱仔数 0.49±0.11 0.34±0.10 0.46±0.12
Subsequent reproductive performance in 3 rd -parity sows 能量来源对三胎母猪产仔性能的影响 项目 Starch 淀粉 Fat 脂肪 Fat+DF 脂肪 + 纤维 Total born,n 总产仔数 10.78±0.46 b 10.57±0.63 b 12.24±0.47 a Piglets born alive,n 产活仔数 9.81±0.45 b 9.43±0.65 b 11.55±0.42 a Litter weight, kg 窝重 14.84±0.67 b 14.03±1.02 b 16.59±0.64 a Stillborn piglets,n 死胎数 0.83±0.17 0.86±0.32 0.53±0.14 IUGR,n 0.52±0.14 0.41±0.14 0.53±0.14 Subsequent reproductive performance in 4 th -parity sows 能量来源对四胎母猪产仔性能的影响 项目 Starch 淀粉 Fat 脂肪 Fat+DF 脂肪 + 纤维 Total born,n 总产仔数 11.65±0.48 ab 10.91±0.55 b 12.42±0.38 b Piglets born alive,n 产活仔数 10.65±0.58 ab 10.06±0.54 b 11.54±0.35 b Litter weight, kg 窝重 15.31±0.68 a 16.14±0.76 ab 17.23±0.57 b Stillborn piglets,n 死胎数 0.6±0.17 0.57±0.17 0.35±0.13 IUGR,n 0.35±0.098 0.23±0.08 0.52±0.15
Nutritional requirement for gilts 后备母猪日粮部分营养技术参数 60-80 kg 80 kg-breeding Energy,(MJ/kg ) 能量 14.23 13.38 Fat/starch 脂肪淀粉比值 1 8 1 8 CP content, % 粗蛋白水平 18 17 Lys content,% 赖氨酸水平 0.9 0.8 Fiber content, % 纤 维 2.5 3.5 SDF: ISDF 可溶性纤维 : 非可溶纤维 3:7 4:6
Constipation 便秘解决的关键问题2 Nutritional solutions for gestating sows 妊娠母猪营养关键技术 Low litter size 有效产仔数低 Low litter birth weight 仔猪初生重低 Dystocia, prolonged farrowing duration 难产 产程长
Mechanism and pathway of nutritional effects on embryo survival 营养影响胚胎存活的途径及机理 Nutrients 营养 Oocyte quality 卵母细胞质量 Embryo development 胚胎发育 Embryo survival 胚胎存活 Maternal and fetal immunity 母体及胎儿免疫力
Effects of nutrition on oocyte quality and competence 营养调控卵母细胞质量及发育能力 Effects of GDNF on small follicular oocyte maturation and competence GDNF 对来自小卵泡卵母细胞成熟和发育能力的影响 GDNF level(ng/ml) 0 25 50 75 Oocyte MII 卵母细胞 MII 期 (%) 40.5 44 58 49.5 CyclinB1(%) 100 105.3 118.5 109.3 Cleavage rate 卵裂率 (2-cell %) 48.6 53.2 68.6 56.3 Blastocyst rate 囊胚率 (%) 11.2 12.6 19.3 15.5 Ovary 卵巢收集 GV MⅡ blastula stage 囊胚期 De Wu,Biology of Reproduction(IF3.67);Endocrinology(IF5.04) 2007
Effects of nutrition on maternal and offspring s immunity 营养影响母体及胎儿免疫力的机制 Estrogen 雌激素 (maternal recognition signal 母体识别信号 ) 营 VEGF 血管内皮生长因子 Expression of Toll-R Toll 受体的表达 Cytokine changes 细胞因子变化 Th1/Th2 homeostasis Th1/Th2 免疫平衡 Before embryo implantation 胚胎附植前 养 Nutrition Alive or dead 生或死 Specific immunity 特异性免疫 Competition for uterus nutrition 胚胎争夺子宫营养 Uterus capacity and placental efficiency 子宫容量和胎盘效率 Before embryo implantation 胚胎附植前 British Journal of Nutrition,Vitaminology(2009)
2.1 Effects of nutrition level on embryo development 营养水平对胚胎发育的影响 150 gilts(80kg) Mating at the third estrus 第 3 情期配种 Single factor design 单因素试验设计 High: 2 maintenance requirement / d (H) 高 : 2 维持需要 /d(h) Medium: 1.2 maintenance requirement / d (M) 中 :1.2 维持需要 /d(m) Low: 0.6 maintenance requirement / d (L) 低 :0.6 维持需要 /d(l) Slaughter 屠宰 80kg d12 of gestation d25 of gestation d35 of gestation 徐盛玉, 吴德 (2011)
Effects of nutrition on embryo size, ovulation rate and embryo survival 营养水平对胚胎数量 排卵率及胚胎存活的影响 Item Gestation,d High (2M) Medium (1.2M) Low (0.6M) Total embryo size 总胚胎数 Ovulation rate 排卵数 Embryo survival rate 胚胎存活率 (%) 25 10.20±1.48 12.50±2.26 10.00±1.87 35 9.00±1.26 11.20±2.17 8.80±2.39 25 15.80±0.97 15.50±0.67 16.00±0.45 35 14.33±0.56 14.20±0.58 14.00±1.05 25 65.20±11.53 b 80.23±9.92 a 62.38±9.85 b 35 62.76±6.34 b 78.45±10.10 a 62.31±9.62 b A. d12 B. d25 C. d35 Compared with H or L group, M group had greater embryo survival rate on d 25 and 35 of gestation. 在妊娠 25 和 35 天, 中等营养水平与高或低营养水平组相比显著提高胚胎存活率 徐盛玉, 吴德 (2011)
Trial 2 Effects of energy levels on reproductive performance of different breeds of sows 能量水平对不同品种母猪繁殖性能的影响 42 Yorkshire gilts 42 头约克母猪 42 Meishan gilts 42 头梅山母猪 High DE 3.4 Mcal/kg Low DE 3.0 Mcal/kg High DE 3.0 Mcal/kg Low DE 2.6 Mcal/kg Slaughter at d35, 55, 90 of gestation 妊娠 35, 55,90 天屠宰 Embryo size Embryo weight Embryo size Embryo weight 胚胎数 胚胎重 胚胎数 胚胎重 杨震国, 吴德 (2013)
Effects of energy levels on embryo development of gestation sows 妊娠期能量水平对母猪胚胎数量的影响 Item High DE Low DE P - value Yorkshire sows 约克母猪 Day 35 15.00±2.16 13.25±2.63 0.343 Day 55 13.67±0.47 14.25±2.36 0.646 Day 90 12.50±0.58 14.33±0.94 0.016 Meishan sows 梅山母猪 Day 35 13.00±3.46 14.67±2.31 0.526 Day 55 13.00±1.00 13.67±0.58 0.374 Day 90 12.25±0.96 12.75±3.10 0.768 杨震国, 吴德 (2013)
High DE Low DE 92.59±3.82 g 86.07±6.17g Yorkshire embryo on d55 of gestation 约克母猪妊娠 55 天胚胎 High DEP=0.024 Low DE 784.77±31.55 g 651.65±56.98 g Yorkshire embryo on d90 of gestation 约克母猪妊娠 90 天胚胎 杨震国, 吴德 (2013)
Effects of energy levels on body weight CV of Yorkshire piglet fetus Low DE 低能量水平 : 能量水平对大约克胎猪体重变异度的影响 High DE 高能量水平 : Body weight uniformity of Yorkshire fetus was increased with high DE level 提高饲粮能量水平, 增加大约克胎猪重量整齐度!
Effects of energy levels on body weight CV of Meishan piglet fetus 能量水平对梅山胎猪体重变异度的影响 Low DE 低能量水平 : High DE 高能量水平 : Dietary energy levels have no effects on body weight uniformity of Meishan fetus 饲粮能量水平对梅山胎猪重量分布无显著影响
Effects of energy levels on placenta weight of gestation sows 妊娠期能量水平对母猪胎盘重量的影响 Item High DE Low DE P-value Yorkshire sows 约克母猪 Day 35, g 953.80±57.78 855.23±45.63 0.56 Day 55, g 1377.76±126.45 1167.59±39.92 0.028 Day 90, g 2496.70±289.65 2045.50±113.56 0.015 Meishan sows 梅山母猪 Day 35, g 412.21±63.74 331.45±55.63 0.11 Day 55, g 1362.17±138.58 1058.45±31.92 0.021 Day 90, g 1739.80±158.50 1340.86±263.94 0.041 杨震国, 吴德 (2013)
Trial 3 Effects of nutrition levels on reproduction of gestation sows 妊娠期不同营养水平对母猪繁殖性能的影响 Group 1-30d of gestation 31-90d of gestation 91d-farrowing Low-nutrition, 低营养水平 0.75 M 0.9 M 1.125 M Medium-nutrition 中营养水平 Sixty-six LY gilts with similar age and BW 156 头日龄 体重相近的 LY 后备母猪 Low-nutrition level 低营养水平 (52 头 ) Mating at 4 th estrus 第 4 情期配种 Medium-nutrition level 中营养水平 (52 头 ) Single factor design 单因素试验设计 High-nutrition level 高营养水平 (52 头 ) 1.0 M 1.2 M 1.5 M High-nutrition 高营养水平 1.5 M 1.8 M 2.25 M 曹猛, 吴德 (2013)
Effects of nutrition levels on reproduction of gestation sows 妊娠期不同营养水平对母猪繁殖性能的影响 Low-energy 低营养水平 Medium-energy 中营养水平 High-energy 高营养水平 Total born 总产仔数 14.44±3.28 15.11±2.03 13.29±2.43 Born alive 产活仔数 13.44±2.96 14.22±1.39 12.50±1.51 Born alive, BW>900 g 健仔数 11.44±2.01 b 13.44±2.30 a 12.00±1.15 b Litter weight at d0, kg 初生窝重 16.08±2.19 b 18.62±1.78 a 17.42±1.86 b Birth weight, kg 仔猪初生重 1.17±0.14 b 1.28±0.14 b 1.38±0.14 a Litter weight at weaning,kg 28 天窝重 74.06±9.73 76.16±7.87 75.89±4.99 weight at weaning,kg28 天个体均重 6.45±0.97 6.72±0.35 6.87±0.90 Medium-nutrition level group had higher born alive piglets with BW > 900g and litter weight at birth. 中营养水平组健仔数和初生窝重较其他组高 The birth weight of piglets were increased with increasing gestational nutrition levels. 仔猪初生重随妊娠饲粮营养水平的升高而增大 曹猛, 吴德 (2013)
Trial 4 Effects of fiber levels on reproduction of gestating sows 不同纤维水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响 351 LY first-parity sow 351 头初产长大母猪 119 头 116 头 116 头 Low 低 (10.8%) Medium 中 (15.8%) High 高 (20.8%) 85 头 83 头 77 头 245 second-parity LY sows 245 头二胎长大母猪 Fiber evaluation index 评价指标 :NDF 中性洗涤纤维 Fiber sources 纤维来源 :wheat bran and rice bran 麸皮和脱脂米糠 冯冬冬 吴德 (2011)
Effects of NDF levels on reproduction of first parity sows NDF 水平对第一胎次母猪繁殖性能的影响 NDF level, % 纤维水平 Number of sows 母猪数量 Farrowing rate, % 分娩率 Birth weight of piglets, kg 初生个体重 10.8 15.8 20.8 119 116 116 89.47 87.22 87.22 1.35±0.50 1.40±0.30 1.39±0.31 Litter weight at birth, kg 初生窝重 14.91±3.51 14.93±3.80 13.88±4.29 Born alive, BW>900 g 有效活仔数 12.09±2.16 a 11.35±2.66 ab 11.04±2.59 b 冯冬冬 吴德 (2011)
Effects of NDF levels on reproduction of second parity sows NDF 水平对母猪第二胎次繁殖性能的影响 NDF level, % 纤维水平 Number of sows 母猪数量 Farrowing rate, % 分娩率 Birth weight of piglets, kg 初生个体重 10.8 15.8 20.8 85 83 77 77.27 79.81 74.76 1.51±0.35 1.50±0.37 1.53±0.33 Litter weight at birth, kg 初生窝重 15.96±3.85 b 17.82±4.15 a 16.45±3.75 ab Born alive, BW>900 g 有效活仔数 11.25±2.21 b 12.16±2.34 a 11.13±2.66 b The optimal NDF level for first-parity sows is 10.8 %. 针对头胎母猪最适的 NDF 水平为 10.8% The optimal NDF level for second-parity sows is 15.8 %. 针对二胎母猪最适的 NDF 水平为 15.8% 冯冬冬 吴德 (2011) 32
Trial 5 Effects of dietary fiber on reproduction of gestation sows 膳食纤维对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响 Sixty LY sows 60 头长大母猪 From mating to farrowing 配种 - 分娩 Basal 基础组 Basal+1.5%inulin 基础 +1.5% 菊粉 Basal+5%SO 基础 +5% 大豆油 Basal+1.5% inulin + 5%SO 基础 +1.5% 菊粉 +5% 大豆油组 项目 Basal 1.5% inulin 5% SO 5% SO+1.5% inulin Starch 淀粉 Soybean oil 大豆油 6.5% 5% 1.5% 5% 5% Inulin 菊粉 1.5% 1.5% Number of sows 母猪数 15 15 15 15 周盼, 吴德 (2014)
Effects of inulin addition on reproduction of gestation sows 妊娠饲粮中添加菊粉对母猪繁殖性能的影响 Item 项目 Dietary treatments 处理组 Basal 1.5%In 5%SO 5%SO+1.5%IN SEM 基础 1.5% 菊粉 5% 大豆油 5% 大豆油 +1.5% 菊粉 F 油脂 P- value In F I 菊粉 油脂 菊粉 Total born, n 总产仔数 13.07 b 13.40 b 14.93 a 14.85 a 0.3 0.01 0.85 0.75 Born alive, n 活仔数 12.14 b 12.47 ab 14.00 a 13.92 ab 0.3 0.01 0.67 0.58 Piglet birth weight, kg 仔猪初生重 1.31 1.29 1.34 1.26.02 0.95 0.17 0.48 Litter weight at birth, kg 初生窝重 15.73 b 16.37 ab 18.69 a 17.53 ab 0.4 0.01 0.74 0.25 Stillborn rate, % 死胎数 6.75 5.15 5.70 5.55 1.1 0.88 0.69 0.74 Farrowing duration,min 产程 238 209 243 206 7.7 0.93 0.04 0.78 Fat addition increased the total born and born alive piglets, possibly related to the improved body condition during gestation ( the BF thickness at mating is around 13 mm)
Item 项目 Effects of inulin addition on body weight distribution of piglets 菊粉和大豆油对仔猪初生体重分布的影响 Basal 基础 Dietary treatments 处理组 1.5%In 1.5% 菊粉 5%SO 5% 大豆油 5%SO+1.5%IN 5% 大豆油 +1.5% 菊粉 SEM F 油脂 P- value In 菊粉 F I 油脂 菊粉 Intra-litter CV, 窝内体重变异系数 19.21 a 17.00 b 18.07 ab 15.92 b 0.3 0.30 0.05 0.97 Newborn BW distribution, % 新生仔猪体重分布 BW < 1.0 kg 15.17 10.00 12.66 10.48 1.3 0.69 0.15 0.55 1.0kg<BW<1.5kg 58.84 b 75.49 a 56.27 b 73.94 a 2.0 0.61 0.01 0.89 BW > 1.5 kg 25.99 ab 14.52 b 31.07 a 15.57 b 2.6 0.56 0.01 0.69 Inulin addition improved the uniformity of piglets, increased the medium-bw piglets and decreased the low- and high-bw piglets 菊粉改善初生仔猪均匀度, 增加中等体重仔猪数, 减少低 高初生体重的仔猪数
Trial 6 Effects of dietary fiber mixture on reproduction of gestation sows 膳食纤维复合物对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响 Experimental design 试验设计 At mating 配种 LY sows 长大母猪 Farrowing 分娩 Control 对照组 Dietary fiber mixture 复合纤维组 伍剑 轩跃东 (2017)
Effects of dietary fiber mixture on reproduction of gestation sows 膳食纤维混合物对妊娠母猪产仔性能的影响 (N=80) Item Control 2% DF mixture 项目对照组 2% 复合纤维 SEM P- value Parity 胎次 3.10 3.15 0.14 BF at mating, mm 配种背膘 14.18 13.45 0.34 0.309 BF at parturition, mm 分娩背膘 17.08 16.86 0.31 0.573 BF gain during gestation, mm 妊娠期背膘增幅 2.90 3.40 0.24 0.741 Farrowing duration, min 产程 217.86 250.10 10.53 0.152 Total born, 总产仔数 14.03 14.61 0.25 0.280 Born alive, 活产仔数 12.93 13.79 0.24 0.090 Born alive, BW>900 g 健仔数 12.50 13.33 0.22 0.072 Litter weight, kg 初生窝重 18.51 18.99 0.36 0.529 Birth weight, kg 初生体重 1.43 1.39 0.02 0.407 IUGR rate, % 弱仔数 2.39 2.49 0.60 0.937 BW CV, % 体重变异系数 18.95 18.62 0.69 0.821 Dietary fiber mixture addition tended to increase the born alive piglets and piglets born alive with BW > 900g. 膳食纤维复合物有增加活产仔数和初生体重 > 900g 仔猪的趋势
Effects of dietary fiber mixture on lactation performance of gestation sows 膳食纤维混合物对妊娠母猪泌乳性能的影响 (N=80) Item Control 2% DF mixture 项目对照组 2% 复合纤维 SEM P- value Litter size at beginning 初始带仔数 12.25 12.19 0.17 0.867 Litter weight at beginning, kg 初始窝重 21.09 21.04 0.42 0.958 Litter size at weaning 断奶仔猪数 11.28 11.16 0.18 0.746 Litter weight at weaning, kg 断奶窝重 69.50 71.57 1.43 0.471 BW at beginning, kg 初始体重 1.72 1.73 0.03 0.865 BW at weaning (21 d), kg 断奶体重 6.16 6.42 0.09 0.169 Litter weight gain, kg 平均窝增重 2.65 2.75 0.06 0.353 ADG,kg/d 平均日增重 233.62 246.62 4.05 0.109 Survival rate,% 存活率 92.43 91.72 1.19 0.77 ADFI,kg/d 平均日采食量 4.94 5.01 0.08 0.688 BF loss during lactation, mm 背膘变化 2.59 3.31 0.20 0.077 Dietary fiber mixture addition tended to increase the BF loss during lactation. 膳食纤维复合物 有增加泌乳期背膘损失的趋势
Item 营养指标 Suggested nutritional standard for gestation sows 妊娠母猪日粮建议营养标准 Content 营养水平 Item 营养指标 Content 营养水平 Lys, % 赖氨酸 0.75 Crude fiber, % 粗纤维 5-7 Calcium, % 钙 0.8 VA, IU/kg 10000 Phosphorus, % 磷 0.6 VD, IU/kg 2000 Folic acid, mg/kg 叶酸 5 VE, IU/kg 100 Biotin, mg/t 生物素 250-300 DE, MJ/kg 12.5-13.0 Vegetable oil+ fish oil + CLA, % 植物油 + 鱼油 + 共轭亚油酸 3 Arginine 精氨酸 0.5-1%
不孕解决的关键问题3 Key nutritional solutions for lactating sows 泌乳母猪营养关键技术 Agalactia,refused to breast-feeding 产后无乳或奶少, 拒绝哺乳 Low litter weaning weight, poor uniformity 断奶窝重小, 仔猪均匀度差 Low feed intake and milk yield 夏季采食量低, 产奶量下降 Anestrus, failure to concept postweaning 断奶后母猪不发情, 屡配
采食量是影响泌乳母猪生产性能的重要因素 As litter size increased, the feed intake of lactation sow decreased. 实验明确表明通过遗传选育可使产仔数提高, 但随之而来的问题是母猪的采食量下降 Changes of sows growth performance in the past 20 years Growth rate 生长率 :+0.41 Lean rate 瘦肉率 :+0.79 Feed conversion rate 饲料转化率 :-0.69 Backfat thickness 背膘厚 :-1.66 Feed intake 饲料摄入量 :-0.32
3.1 Effect of protein level on lactating sow performance 不同蛋白质水平对泌乳母猪生产成绩影响 (n=40) Item 指标 Summer 夏季 Winter 冬季 DE, 消化能 (MJ/Kg) 14.59 14.59 14.59 14.22 14.22 14.22 CP, 蛋白质水平 (%) 19.5 18.5 17.5 19.5 18.5 17.5 Litter weight gain 断奶窝增重 (Kg) Milk production 泌乳量 (Kg) Feces N excretion 粪氮排泄 (%) 43.9 46.0 42.8 43 46.3 47.5 176.4 186.2 171 172 185.2 190 100 93.6 90.1 100 94.1 88.7 Low protein diets improved the litter weight gain(3-4kg), milk production(15-20kg), and reduced feces N excretion(6-11%) 低蛋白日粮可以使断奶仔猪窝增重增加 3-4kg, 泌乳量增加 15-20kg, 母猪氮排泄降低 6%- 11%
Item 项目 0.9% 组 1.0% 组 1.1% 组 1.2% 组 Litter weight,d0(kg) 出生窝重 (kg) Litter weight,d 21 断奶窝重 (kg) Litter weight gain 断奶窝增重 (kg) 15.96±0.46 15.86±0.40 15.87±0.39 15.90±0.53 61.04±2.98 b 62.97±3.58 a 62.87±3.45 a 61.04±4.41 b 45.08±3.01 b 47.10±3.60 a 47.00±3.45 a 45.14±4.43 b ADG, 日增重 (g/d) 244±16 b 257±19 a 255±18 a 245±24 b Milk yield, 产奶量 (kg/d) 10.61±0.71 b 11.06±0.84 a 11.05±0.78 a 10.62±1.04 b ADFI, 平均采食量 (kg/d) 5.94±0.11 5.98±0.12 5.98±0.13 5.98±0.10 BF loss, 背膘损失 (mm) 0.81±1.14 ab 0.92±1.15 a 0.66±1.22 a 0.35±1.24 b Addition of 1.1% lysine in lactating sow diets increased milk production, piglets performance, and reduced the BF loss of sows. 饲粮添加 1.1% 赖氨酸显著提高母猪产奶量, 改善仔猪生产性能, 且 降低母猪背膘损失 3.2 Effect of lysine level on lactating sow performance 不同赖氨酸水平对泌乳母猪生产成绩的影响 (n=40)
3.3 Effect of different methionine sources on suckling pig growth performance 泌 Item 项目 Control 对照组 Methionine 蛋氨酸 MHA 蛋氨酸羟基类似物 Day 0 ( 出生 ) 1.42±0.02 1.42±0.03 1.44±0.04 Day 7 (7 日龄 ) 2.50±0.25 2.49±0.26 2.58±0.19 Day 14 (14 日龄 ) 3.63±0.53 b 3.77±0.69 b 4.14±0.39 a Day 21 (21 日龄 ) 5.08±0.92 5.11±1.01 5.82±0.65 MHA supplementation in lactating sow diets improved the suckling pig growth performance 乳母猪添加不同蛋氨酸源对哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响 泌乳母猪日粮添加液体蛋氨酸显著提高哺乳仔猪生产性能 李豪 吴德 (2013)
3.4 Effect of extruded soybean inclusion level on lactating sow performance 不同膨化大豆水平对泌乳母猪生产成绩影响 (n=20) Extruded soybean level 膨化大豆添加水平 0 6.10% 12.20% 18.30% SEM P-value Litter weight,d0 出生窝重 16.05 16.08 16.1 16.04 0.11 0.99 Litter weight, d28 断奶窝重 Litter weight gain 窝增重 59.76 b 62.01 ab 64.41 a 63.38 ab 0.63 0.04 43.71 b 45.93 ab 48.31 a 47.35 ab 0.60 0.03 ADFI 采食量 5.17 5.21 5.68 5.22 0.08 0.08 Addition of 12.20% extruded soybean level in lactating sow diets increased feed intake and piglet weanling weight. 添加 12.20% 的膨化大豆可改善母猪采食量, 增 加哺乳仔猪断奶重
Effect of extruded soybean inclusion level on lactating sow milk composition 不同膨化大豆水平对泌乳母猪乳成分的影响 Item 项目 Lactose 乳糖 milk fat 乳脂肪 milk protein 乳蛋白 non-fat solid 非脂固形物 extruded soybean level 膨化大豆添加水平 s.e.m. P-value 0 6.10% 12.20% 18.30% 5.56 5.76 6.24 5.67 0.11 0.32 6.65 b 6.91 ab 7.40 a 6.95 ab 0.06 0.02 3.76 b 3.89 ab 4.20 a 3.81 b 0.06 0.03 10.46 10.42 10.81 10.23 0.06 0.07 添加适宜水平的膨化大豆可增加母猪乳脂肪和乳蛋白含量
Nutritional parameters of diets for lactating sows 冬 夏季泌乳母猪营养技术参数 Winter 冬季 Summer 夏季 DE, 消化能 (MJ/Kg) 14.22 14.43 CP, 粗蛋白 (%) 16.5 18.0 Lys, 赖氨酸 (%) 0.19 0.343 Selenium Yeast, 酵母硒 (mg/kg) 0.5 0.5 Folate, 叶酸 (mg/kg) 5.0 5.0 Amino acids balance 氨基酸平衡模式为 : Dlys Dmet+cys Dthr Dtrp Dval = 100 60 66 19 100
Item 营养指标 Nutritional requirement for lactation sows 哺乳母猪日粮建议营养标准 Level, 营养水平 Item 营养指标 Level, 营养水平 Lys, 赖氨酸 /% 1.0-1.25 CF, 粗纤维 /% 3 Ca, 钙 /% 0.8 VA, 维生素 A(IU/kg) 10000 P, 磷 /% 0.65 VD, 维生素 D(IU/kg) 2000 Val, 缬氨酸 /% 0.9-1.0 VE, 维生素 E(IU/kg) 100 Folate, 叶酸 /(mg/kg) 5 DE, 消化能 /(MJ/kg) 13.8-14.2 Oil, 植物油 /% 5.5-6.5
5 Management of backfat thickness for a greater PSY 背膘管理
初产母猪配种背膘厚度对后代生长性能影响 Effects of BF at mating on the growth performance of offspring pigs 仔猪数 No. of offspring 初配背膘 BF at mating SEM P 12 mm 19 mm 37 47 初生重 birthweight 1.49 1.49 0.05 断奶 weaning weight 6.8 7.4 0.6 42 天 BW on d42 9.8 10.5 0.8 56 天 BW on d56 17.2 17.5 1.3 <0.05 77 天 BW on d77 30.4 30.3 2.0 <0.1 119 天 BW on d119 62.2 63.7 4.0 <0.1 158 天 BW on d158 95.8 98.8 4.7 <0.05 +3.0 kg Animal (2014), 8:2, pp 236 244
初产母猪分娩背膘厚对繁殖性能的影响 Effects of BF at farrowing on the reproductive performance of first-parity sows BF at farrowing 9-14 mm 15-18 mm P 母猪头数 NO. of sows 24 18 分娩背膘 BF at farrowing, mm 12.21 16.11 <0.001 总产仔数 NO. of total born 11.83±2.71 13.28±2.14 0.061 健仔数 NO. of born alive 10.67±2.60 11.83±1.50 0.075 死产率 Mortality % 3.17 5.02 0.302 弱仔率 Incidence of IUGR % 4.23 2.51 0.301 出生重 Birthweight kg 1.29±0.22 1.31±0.18 0.710 产程 Parturition length, min 253±110 278±107 0.456 提高初产母猪分娩背膘有增加产仔数的趋势 High BF at farrow benefits reproduction
分娩背膘厚对经产母猪繁殖性能影响 ( 新美系 ) Effects of BF at farrowing on the reproductive performance of multiparous sows BF at farrowing mm 15-18 19-20 21-25 P No. of sows 12 29 25 分娩背膘 BF at farrowing, mm 16.92±1.56 19.55±0.51 22.36±1.63 <0.001 断奶背膘 BF at weaning, mm 13.75±2.56 17.03±1.88 19.36±2.06 <0.001 背膘损失 BF loss, mm 3.17±1.75 2.52±1.70 3.00±1.68 0.434 总仔数 Total born, n 11.50±1.78 12.90±2.01 12.08±2.71 0.106 健仔数 Born alive, n 11.08±1.68 12.00±2.19 11.36±2.63 0.418 死产率 Rate of stillbirth, % 2.90 5.85 5.58 ( 广西商大 2017 猪场试验数据 )
不同背膘厚对母猪繁殖性能的影响 ( 新丹系 ) Effects of BF on the reproductive performance of sows BF at mating 配种背膘 mm BF at farrowing 分娩背膘 mm Partition length 产程 min Total born 总产仔数 Born alive 产活仔数 Rate of IUGR 弱仔 % Rate of stillborn 死胎 % Rate of deformity 畸形 % Born Effective 合格仔 Average birthweight 平均初生重 9.74 13.37 261 14.5 13.2 3.70 8.15 0.31 12.7 1.43 12.78 16.71 260 14.1 13.1 3.53 7.10 0.81 12.5 1.44 13.89 17.28 255 14.0 13.0 4.26 7.12 0.50 12.3 1.44 18.30 20.43 297 14.7 13.3 4.46 9.30 1.39 12.5 1.36 22.39 22.50 400 14.8 13.0 5.13 10.53 0.00 12.3 1.41 背膘过低 过高均会显著影响母猪产程及死胎数
母猪分娩背膘对哺乳期背膘损失的影响 ( 新丹系 ) Effects of BF at farrowing on the reproductive performance of sows BF at farrowing 分娩背膘 mm NO. of sows Litter size BF at farrowing 分娩背膘 mm BF at weaning 断奶背膘 全期 ADFI Backfat loss 背膘损失 Weaning-toestrus interval 断奶发情间隔 Estrus rate at 7 d postweaning 断奶后 7 天发情率,% 10-14 62 12.2 12.58 10.75 5.31 2.10 4.05 97.4 14-16 57 12.0 15.40 12.85 5.26 2.55 4.97 94.7 16-18 70 12.3 17.25 14.64 5.00 2.61 5.65 91.1 18-20 50 12.3 19.18 15.63 4.76 3.86 6.42 91.7 20-26 28 11.6 21.79 17.99 4.67 3.80 5.54 91.4 分娩背膘越厚, 母猪泌乳期采食量越低 Greater BF resulted in lower feed intake during lactation
不同胎次丹系 vs 美系母猪期望配种和分娩背膘厚 Recommended Backfat thickness at mating and farrowing for Danish and American sows 新丹系 Danish sows 新美系 American sows Parity At Mating At farrowing At Mating At farrowing 配种 (mm) 分娩 (mm) 配种 (mm) 分娩 (mm) 1 12-14 15-17 14-16 16-18 2+ 13-15 16-18 15-17 17-19 启示 : 丹系母猪背膘厚度低于新美系母猪 ( 长大 )
不同胎次母猪推荐配种及分娩体重 Recommended bodyweight at mating and parturition Danish sows 新丹系 American sows 新美系 胎次 At mating 配种 At parturition At mating 配种 At parturition (kg) 分娩 (kg) (kg) 分娩 (kg) 1 140 190 135 190 2 170 215 170 210 3 200 240 180 235 4 220 260 200 240 5 240 280 220 260 6 260 300 240 280 启示 : 随胎次增加丹系母猪妊娠期维持需要高于美系母猪 Danish sows require greater bodyweight than American sows
妊娠母猪能量需要模 How to achieve a target backfat thickness (or bodyweight)? 如何调整营养参数以达到目标背膘 ( 或体重 )? 维持需要 Maintenance requirement 母体沉积 Maternal accretion 孕体能量沉积 Conceptus accretion 100*BW 0.75 +(20-T)*BW 0.75 *4.5 (-26.4+0.221*maternal empty weight +1.331*P2 thickness)*12.5 (2.28+0.178*maternal empty weight-0.333*p2)*10.6 {exp [11.72-8.62exp(-0.0138*day of gestation)+0.0932*litter size] }/4.184 型能量需要决定因素 : 母猪体重 产仔数 妊娠时间 背膘 (NRC 2012)
新 美 系 Energy requirement for sows (Danish vs American sows) 丹系 vs 美系妊娠母猪能量需要 Parity 胎次 BW at mating 配种体重 (kg) BW at farrowing 分娩体重 (kg) Total born 总产仔数 Birthweight 出生重 (kg) BF gain 增长背膘 (mm) ME, Mcal/d 1 135 200 11 1.45 2.5 7.0 2 160 220 12 1.45 2.5 7.5 3 180 232 13 1.45 2.5 7.8 4 200 245 13 1.45 2.5 8.1 新 丹 系 1 140 190 13 1.35 3.0 6.7 2 170 215 14 1.35 3.0 7.2 3 200 240 15 1.35 3.0 7.9 4 200 240 15 1.35 3.0 8.3 启示 : 丹系母猪妊娠能量需要量高于美系母猪 +0.1-0.2Mcal/d(2 胎以上 )
Providing amino acids to achieve target body condition 提供适宜氨基酸达到适宜体况 Maintenance requirement 维持 Endogenous lysine loss 内源性胃肠道赖氨酸损失 (g/d)= 采食量 *(0.522/1000)*0.90*1.1 integument losses 表皮赖氨酸损失 (g/d)=0.0045*bw 0.75 fetal 胎儿 Y=exp(10-15.005*exp(-0.017*x)-0.025*12) Tissue accretion 沉积 mammary gland 乳腺 Y=exp(11.8866-10.0202*exp(-0.0076*(x-29.18))) placenta + amniotic fluid 胎盘 + 羊水 Y=[38.54*(t/54.969) 7.5036 ]/[1+(t/54.969) 7.5036 ] Uterus 子宫 Y=exp(6.7169-2.7162*exp(-0.0097*x)) Energy intake dependent 依赖能量摄入母体蛋白沉积 Y=( 摄入代谢能 - 维持代谢能 )* 校正值 Time dependent 依赖时间母体蛋白沉积 Y=1522.48*[(56-t)/36)] 2.2 /[1+((56-t)/36) 2.2 ] SID 赖氨酸 (g/day)= 总赖氨酸沉积量 /0.49 (NRC, 2012)
丹系 vs 美系妊娠母猪赖氨酸需要量 胎次 配种体重 (kg) 分娩体重 (kg) 总产 仔数 出生重 (kg) SIDLys Total-Lys 0-90d 91-114d 0-90d 91-114d 1 135 200 11 1.45 9.3 18.3 10.9 21.5 新 美 系 2 160 220 12 1.45 8.6 16.7 10.1 19.6 3 180 232 13 1.45 7.8 15.3 9.2 18.0 4 200 245 13 1.45 7.1 13.1 8.4 15.4 1 140 190 13 1.35 8.8 17.8 10.4 20.9 新 丹 系 2 170 215 14 1.35 7.7 17.3 9.1 20.4 3 200 240 15 1.35 7.6 16.1 8.9 18.9 4 200 240 15 1.35 7.2 13.6 8.5 16.0 启示 : 丹系母猪妊娠后期赖氨酸需要量高于美系母猪 +1.0 g/d(1 胎以上 )
Breeding Pig Nutrition Group Professor: Wu De Nutrition for Lactating Sows group Leader: Fang Zhengfeng This group contains 5 PhD and 11 Ms.c Nutrition for Gestation Sows group Leader: Che Lianqiang This group contains 2 PhD and 6 Ms.c Molecular Nutrition group Leader: Feng Bin 3 PhD and 8 Ms.c Nutrition for Replacement Gilts group Leader: Xu Shengyu 2 PhD and 7 Ms.c Nutrition for Boars group Leader : Lin Yan 4 PhD and 6 Ms.c
Technicians Associate Professor: Li Jian Farm management Jiang Xuemei Lab management Zhao Xilun Farm management
Governmental grants Funding sources National Natural Science Foundation National Key R&D Plan 4 Talent 1 Talent International scientific and technological cooperation project 1 Talent Industrial grants NOVUS Nutreco Tongwei WENS (500 000 sows) Governmental grants: 3.0 million/3 year Industrial grants: 1.5 million/3 year
What we are doing? Role of AMPK and mtorc1 signaling pathway in control of primordial follicle awakening and maturation in gilts fed different levels of dietary fiber. Role of liver estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in directing amino acids-dependent regulation of postweaning-to-estrous transition in sows. Role of hypothalamic micrornas in the regulation of puberty onset in gilts fed different level of dietary proteins. Role of microbiota-derived metabolites in the regulation of life-time fertility in sows fed different levels and sources of dietary fiber. Amino acid-dependent regulation of mammary tissue development through mtorc1 signaling pathway in sows. Nutrient-dependent regulation of sperm quality in boars. Others: Nutrient evaluation for sows; (We are now measuring the soluble and insoluble fiber content of the common ingredients in China. ) Novel ingredient material for sows
Welcome to Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University 四川农业大学动物营养研究所欢迎您
四川农业学雅安校区 yaan 四川省雅安市 chengdu 四川省成都市 四川农业大学 成都校区
动物营养研究所 雅安校区办公楼 动物营养研究所 成都校区办公楼
雅安校区科研楼 成都校区科研楼 营养所雅安校区科研基地