* 1 1978 1* 42
1994 1995 2011 2012 2012 1978 1994 GDP 1 1981 15% 1994 60% 10 43
2018. 1 1 2008 2009 1994 2009b 340 2009a 211 222 + 2009c 89 44
106 80 GDP 1980 12. 7% 1993 60% 1 Weitzman & Xu 1994 1995 Naughton 1996 2005 1 1995 45
2018. 1 2005 1999 Weitzman & Xu 1994 2013 2013 Oi 1992 46
2009 Qian & Weingast 1997 Zhang & Zou 1998 2005 1 80 80 1986 80 40% 1 fiscal decentralization 47
2018. 1 2012 1994 2012 48
1998 2004 1997 1994 1994 75% 100% 1994 90 49
2018. 1 2003 2006 2010 1990 2008 2016 3. 5 8. 7 1 2. 4 1 1 2017 50
1 2013 80 2 70% 1 2 2010 19 51
2018. 1 2015 2 2 52
2 21 2008 15 2005 2007 2014 2008 53
2018. 1 1 2008 2008 2012 1 2014 54
1 2010 2015 2014 2 1 2 2017 2012 2013 55
2018. 1 2012 2012 1 2017 3 2013 2 1 2 1995 2012 807 15296 2015 16204 2009 2010 2016 2014 2015 2013 56
3 2014 2020 2015 2013 53. 7% 2014 1 20 2015 3 9 2016 41. 2% 2017 2 10 2014 4 2014 2020 2000 2011 1. 33 3045 1996 2007 3. 66% 0. 12% 2010 1996 2008 2. 09 350 1 1996 2012 8 2005 2014 1 57
2018. 1 58
2011 2016 2003 90 2008 2009 2011 2016 59
2018. 1 2013 2016 2009d 285 1 1 2008 2013 60
2009e 348 + + 61
2018. 1 2008 2008 7 62
2010 2014 2014 2 2003 2015 6 2009a 2009b 2009c 2009d 2009e 2011 4 2009 4 2016 5 1995 4 2003 1 2017 2 1999 4 2012 2016 6 2012 8 2008 2010 10 2014 1978 2011 4 2013 1 2 2009 30 6 2013 4 2013 12 2014 7 1998 6 2004 6 63
2018. 1 1997 2014 6 2017 3 2005 4 2011 2 2005 4 2008 30 2006 6 2009 6 2010 3 2012 2013 3 2015 1 2013 3 1994 2005 2 2016 3 Naughton Barry 1996 Growing Out of the Plan Chinese Economic Reform 1978-1993 Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Oi Jean C. 1992 Fiscal Reform and the Economic Foundations of Local State Corporatism in China World Politics 45 1. Qian Yingyi & Barry R. Weingast 1997 Federalism as a Commitment to Preserving Market Incentives Journal of Economic Perspectives 11 4. Weitzman Martin L. & Chenggang Xu 1994 Chinese Township-Village Enterprises as Vaguely Defined Cooperatives Journal of Comparative Economics 18 2. Zhang Tao & Heng-Fu Zou 1998 Fiscal Decentralization Public Spending and Economic Growth in China Journal of Public Economics 67. 64
From Industrial Urbanization Land Urbanization to People-Centered Urbanization A Sociological Investigation on the Chinese Pathway to Urbanization Zhou Feizhou Wu Liucai Zuo Wenmin & Li Songtao 42 Abstract This article reviews and investigates the Chinese pathway of urbanization from a sociological perspective. This article finds that the pathway is distinctively connected to the gradual transformation of the Reform and Opening up which manifests three stages industrial urbanization land urbanization and people-centered urbanization. In each stage the themes and tasks are different and the following stage targets on the problem left by the preceding one like a relay race. This article argues that this pathway is shaped by the dynamic interactions between multiple agencies. The most important pairs are government vs. enterprise central vs. local and nation vs. peasants which have sequently taken a lead in different stages. The current neo-urbanization is marked by the state's interventions such as the comprehensive help to the migrant and poor peasant population to achieve comprehensive and coordinated development. Split Residence Housing Purchase Choice of Migrant Workers Jin Jun 65 Abstract The data on migrant workers in three Chinese cities indicates that although increasing number of migrant workers recently bought their own private properties in cities most of these purchases are not in the same cities where they are working. This significant spatial separation suggests a complex migration pattern between migrant workers' home villages cities of home and cities of work. The date also shows most migrant workers would not choose township to settle down when they leave the home villages. Rural Industry and Household Economy in the Process of Urbanization A Fieldwork Report in the Surrounding Rural Areas of S City Fu Wei 81 Abstract For decades the rural industry has created numerous job opportunities in China. The household economy is the micro-basis of the operation of the rural industry. Depending on the local areas historical tradition natural resources labor forces and social relations the rural industry has created a diverse decentralized and flexible employment system. The development of rural industry in the new era enriches the system of part-work and part-farm and fuels up rural industrial growth. Additionally rural families make decisions between local non-agricultural jobs and non-local jobs 243