/5/0 杜邦先锋的全球业务 DuPont Pioneer Worldwide Operations 雇员人数 Employees:,00 生产基地数量 Production Locations: >78 研发基地 Research Locations Croatia Austria Canada Romania United States 5 先锋全球奶业科学经理 墨翰拿 Turkey 5 Egypt Ethiopia Kenya # of Research Facilities South Africa Chile Argentina Zambia # of Production Facilities 7 India Pioneer Seed Sales Pakistan Brazil China Italy Mexico Spain Puerto Rico France Russia Ukraine Hungary Germany 9 Philippines Thailand Indonesia Zimbabwe Australia New Zealand 在所有青贮玉米是主要作物的区域- 尤其北美和欧洲 青贮玉米是先锋研发基地的一个重点 Corn Silage is a focus of Pioneer Research Locations in all regions where silage is a major crop - particularly North America and Europe - 0 北京中国粗饲料大会 文档可打开但不能被修改 北美青贮玉米研发站 先锋引领全球青贮杂交种研发 创新快速营养分析 North American Corn Silage Research Stations Pioneer is the Global Leader in Silage Hybrid Development and an Innovator in Rapid Nutritional Analysis 这0个青贮玉米站每年分析0,000多个参试杂交品种 These 0 corn silage stations analyze over 0,000 samples yearly from experimental silage hybrids 99年先锋欧洲青贮研发人员开始使用装在切割机的近红外 光谱仪快速分析实验品种的下列表现 In 99 Pioneer European silage researchers started using chopper mounted NIR to rapidly analyze experimental hybrids for: 含水量 moisture content 淀粉 starch 纤维 fiber (ADF and NDF) 蛋白质 protein 008年 美国开始在研发用切割机上使用近红外光谱仪 In 008, the US started using NIR on Research Choppers 现在 我们的育种站使用几十台带近红外光谱功能的收割机 Today, we have dozens of research choppers with NIR capability 0世纪80年代后期 先锋首次发表研究报告称不是所有的青贮杂交种都是一样的 In the late 980 s, Pioneer was the first company to publish research showing that not all silage hybrids were the same 989年 在对先锋77和89两青贮品种进行的公牛消化和生长试验 中 日粮均由5% 干物质计 玉米青贮组成 77品种日粮可消化 能量 干物质消化率和粗蛋白质含量都更高( P <.05) 77日粮比 89日粮酸性洗涤纤维及中性洗涤纤维消化率趋势也是高的 ( P >.05) 在生长试验中 与食用89青贮的公牛相比 食用77的公 牛有更高的 ( P <.05) 日增重 (.09 vs.0 kg/d) 消耗更少的 ( P =.09) 干物质 提高了( P <.0) 喂养效率(.75 vs 7.9 饲料:增长) 试验结果显示 含有相似谷物成分的玉米青贮可能在饲料价值上有着很 大的不同 In 989 silages from 77 and 89 were harvested to evaluate diets containing 5% (DM basis) corn silage in steer digestion and growth trials. Digestible energy and digestibility of DM and CP were greater ( P <.05), and the trend ( P >.05) was for greater NDF and ADF digestibility for the 77 than for the 89 diet. In a growth trial, steers fed the 77 silage diet had greater ( P <.05) daily gain (.09 vs.0 kg/d), consumed numerically less ( P =.09) DM, and had improved ( P <.0) feed efficiency (.75 vs 7.9 feed:gain) compared with steers fed the 89 silage diet. Results of the experiments indicate that large differences in feed value of corn silage may exist among hybrids with similar grain content. 在此之前 营养学家普遍使用玉 米青贮营养成分的书本值Prior to this it was very common for nutritionists to use book values for corn silage Wes Kezar 博士 Dr. Wes Kezar, 先锋营养学家 已退休 Pioneer Nutritionist (retired) 99年 成立了先锋动物营养中心 专注于饲料/谷物营养和青 贮管理的研究 In 99, we opened in the Pioneer Livestock Nutrition Center focused on forage/grain nutrition and silage management
/5/0 先锋动物营养中心 PLNC 消化能力试验 Digestibility Studies 先锋动物营养中心 PLNC 动物饲喂试验 Feeding Studies PLNC 粗饲料和谷物动物喂试验 Feeding Trials with Forages and Grain PLNC Urbandale 分析实验室 Urbandale Analytical Lab 营养成分分析方法试验 - 近红外反射光谱和近红外透射光谱合作研发 HAE( 高可获得能量玉米 ), HTF, 未发酵的玉米青贮 - Methods Development -NIR and NIT Calibrations for HAE, HTF, unfermented corn silage- PLNC 方法试验 - 青贮玉米籽粒破碎评分 - Methods Development -kernel processing score- 90 年代后期, 先锋组建有美国最优秀的奶牛营养专家组成的顾问委员会, 帮助先锋规划未来青贮研发方向 In the late 90 s, we also sought the advice of the leading US dairy nutrition experts to help guide Pioneer on future silage research efforts 先锋奶业顾问委员会 Dairy Advisory Board (997-00) 营养学家 Nutritionists Tom Sawyer, M.S. Dave Mertens, Ph.D. (USDA/ARS Dairy Forage Research Center) Mary Beth Hall, Ph.D. (USDA/ARS Dairy Forage Research Center) Rick Lundquist, Ph.D. 兽医专家 Veterinarians Dr. Paul Johnson (SE) Dr. Gary Oetzel (UW-M) Dr. Walter Guterbock (NW)
籽粒产量 ( 蒲式耳 @ 5.5% 水分含量 / 英亩 Grain yield (bu @ 5.5% moisture/a) /5/0 先锋全球营养专家团队 Pioneer Global Nutritional Sciences Team Bill Mahanna,Ph.D.,Dipl ACAN Bill.mahanna@Pioneer.com 55-9-09 cell Bill Seglar,DVM Bill.seglar@Pioneer.com 55-0-990 cell Fred Owens, Ph.D. Fred.owens@Pioneer.com 55-55- Scott Dennis, Ph.D. Scott.dennis@Pioneer.com 55-0-5089 cell 史枢卿 Sam Shi, M.S. 中国奶牛营养经理 CHINA DAIRY NUTRITION MANAGER Sam.shi@Pioneer.com 8-088 决定种植和收获什么青贮品种将影响下一个整年的奶牛场业务 Decisions made in the on hybrids to plant and harvest for silage will impact the dairy for the next full year 要成为一个好的青贮品种, 必须是一个好的粮食 ( 谷粒 ) 品种, 因为相对较少的纤维消化率 (0-70% 可消化 ) 的增加无法弥补淀粉的缺失或不足 (>90% 可消化 ) To be a good silage hybrid, it must start as a good grain hybrid because you can not overcome lack of starch (>90% digestible) with relatively small increases in fiber digestibility (0-70% digestible). 但是 不是每个粮食品种都会成为好的青贮品种, 因为它们可能太矮, 不能产出满意的秸秆产量 BUT not every grain hybrid makes a good silage hybrid because they may be too short and not deliver the desired stover yield. 在根据农艺性状筛选杂交种之后, 威斯康辛大学青贮玉米联盟给奶业生产者推荐以下的青贮玉米选择优先次序 :After hybrids have been screened for agronomic traits, the UW Consortium recommended these corn silage selection priorities for dairy producers: st Grain Yield 谷粒产量 nd Whole Plant DM Yield 全株干物质产量 rd Standability 抗倒伏能力 th Relative Maturity 相对成熟度 5 th Quality (e.g. fiber digestibility) 质量 ( 例如纤维消化率 ) Source: http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/aadvice/997/a05.html 籽粒产量 ( 淀粉含量 ): 在威斯康辛大学研究中玉米青贮性状选择位列首位 Grain Yield (starch content): Ranked # as a corn silage selection trait in UW Research 全株玉米青贮 5% 的能量来自谷粒 5% of the Energy in Corn Silage Comes from the Grain 对青贮玉米总消化能 CS TDN x 的相对贡献 来源 :Randy Shaver 博士威斯康辛大学农业研究所奶牛营养学家 00 InterMountain 营养大会 Source: Dr. Randy Shaver, University of Wisconsin Extension Dairy Nutritionist 00 InterMountain Nutrition Conference 淀粉中性洗涤纤维 NSTNFC 粗蛋白脂肪 籽粒产量高等同于每亩青贮干物质产量高 High Corn Grain Yield Equates to High Total Silage Dry Matter Yield per Acre 玉米谷粒产量和青贮产量的关系 70kg/mu 058 8 5 997-998 威斯康辛大学青贮试验 Relationship Between Corn Grain Yield and Silage Yield 997-998 University of WI Corn Silage Trials 0. 0.... DM ton/mu 青贮产量 ( 吨干物质 / 英亩 )Silage Yield (Tons DM/Acre)
Value, % of DM or of Nutrient Component, % of feed DM /5/0 淀粉的重要性 The Importance of Starch Yield is approximately 50% grain 产量占谷物的 50% % Starch is a ratio of grain to stover 淀粉含量是谷物和秸秆的比例 植株越高, 淀粉含量越被更多的秸秆产量稀释而下降 The taller the plants, the more stover will dilute starch content Maturity at harvest 收获时的成熟度 作物越成熟, 淀粉含量越高一有助于质量提高 Increased starch content as the plant matures is responsible for quality improvement energy sources in corn silage 玉米青贮中的能量来源 5% grain 谷物 0% cell contents 细胞物质 5% NDF (fiber) 中性洗涤纤维 ( 纤维 ) 在黑层形成之前, 淀粉在持续沉积 Prior to black layer, starch is still being produced 在完全不成熟时收获会减少淀粉产量 Harvesting too premature will reduce starch yields ½ ML ¾ ML 淀粉 Starch 胚芽 Germ 随着天气干燥程度不同, 青贮玉米每天减少 0.5%- % 的水分并不少见 每天沉淀 0.5%-% 的淀粉直到完全生理成熟, 谷粒黑层出现 ( 淀粉沉积显著地推动整株水分的减少 ) It is not unusual for silage to dry down.5-.0 points of moisture per day, depending upon drying conditions. It is also not unusual for corn silage to lay down.5-.0 points of starch per day until kernel reaches physiological maturity at blacklayer (starch deposition significantly contributes to reducing moisture in whole plant samples as the plant matures) 0 Later Composition Harvest Maturity Yields and More Digestion Starch with Changes Minimal Impact with on Fiber Silage Digestibility DM 00 晚熟使产量更高, 对纤维消化率影响小 9. 95. 9. 淀粉消化率 ( 加工过 )Starch Digestibility (Processed) 随着如今谷物成本的增加, 更高的淀粉含量以及成熟后期植株健康 ( 活杆成熟 ) 的品种弥补了中性洗涤纤维 80 消化率的较小降低 ( 淀粉也稀释了中性洗涤纤维含量 ) With the cost of grain today, increased starch content of hybrids with excellent late-season plant health compensates for relatively minor decreases in NDF digestibility (and starch also dilutes NDF content) Source: Dr. Fred Owens, Pioneer Senior Research Scientist. Journal of Animal Science and Journal of Dairy Science literature review summary 0 中性洗涤纤维消化率只下降一小点 NDF Digestibility declines only minimally 7. 5.. 0. 9. 中性洗涤纤维含量 NDF Content 8. 0.9. 7.5 淀粉含量每天近 % 的增长 Starch increases by as much a % point per day 0 质价 8.0.7 专注收获这个区域的干物质以得到更多的淀粉, 同 5. 不专注收获这个阴影或值糖 + 有机酸含量 Sugar + Organic acid Content 时对 NDFD 影响小区域的干物质 Target harvest DM in 营, Rather than target this area to capture harvest DM in this more starch with 养占 0 shaded area little impact on NDFD 物干物 0 8 0 青贮干物质,% Silage Dry Matter, % % 选择纤维消化率好的青贮 Selecting for Fiber Digestibility in Corn Silage 对奶牛养殖户的重要性 Importance to the Dairyman 毫无疑问纤维消化率很重要 : There is no doubt that fiber digestibility is important to: 青贮的能量含量 The energy content of silage 如果纤维消化率低则减少高产奶牛的干物质采食量 Reducing dry matter intake in high producing cows if the fiber digestibility is low. 青贮玉米纤维的好处是高纤维素 半纤维素和相对低的木质素 The Advantage to Corn Silage Fiber is High Cellulose and Hemicellulose with Relatively Low Lignin 00 90 80 70 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 Wheat straw Oat straw NDF Cellulose Bermudagrass hay 木质素 Brome hay Orchardgrass hay Alfalfa silage Lignin Hemicellulose Corn silage Alfalfa hay Corn cobs Rice hulls Soybean hulls 中性洗涤纤维 NDF 纤维素 半纤维素 Cottonseed hulls Beet pulp 中性洗涤纤维消化率的遗传力高, 在高产的商品种子中变化范围 ( 不稳定性 ) 小. 选择一个基因稳定性好的性状让选择变得轻松 Heritability of NDFD is high but the range (variation) among commercial, high yielding germplasm is low...and it doesn t help to apply selection pressure to a trait with minimal genetic variation
/5/0 籽粒含量高品种并不是中性洗涤纤维消化率就低 NDF Digestion is NOT Lower For High Grain Hybrids 中性洗涤纤维消化率 vs 谷粒产量 威斯康辛青贮试验 NDFD vs Grain yield (Wisconsin Silage Tests) 7 <90 d 9-00 d 0-05 d 0+ d NDF 中性洗涤纤维消化率 % NDF Digestibility, % 7 生长环境怎样 何时 影响中性洗涤纤维消化率 How (when) does growing environment influence NDFD 营养生长期最高 抽丝前 Greatest during vegetative growth (pre-silking) 充足的水分 中性洗涤纤维消化率低 Adequate water, lower NDFD 生长早期缺水 中性洗涤纤维消化率高 Early moisture stress, higher NDFD 70 Heat Units 热量单位 R Silking 抽丝 越多的热量 越低的中性洗涤纤维消化率 8 More heat, lower NDFD 越低的热量 越高的中性洗涤纤 维消化率 Less heat, higher NDFD 0 Kg/Mu 58 7 75 59 5 00 5 50 70 75 8 00 Grain yield, bushel/acre 谷粒产量 蒲式耳/英亩 环境对明尼苏达州立大学试验点上同样品种的影响越来越明显 00年 湿润 vs. 007年 干旱 Growing Environment Effect on the Same Hybrids Grown in MSU silage plots in 00 (wet year) vs. 007 (drought year) 举例 你会选择哪个青贮品种 For Example: Which silage hybrid would you choose? Source: Dann Bolinger, Pioneer Dairy Specialist - Michigan 009年种植于密歇根州不同的位置 they are all the same hybrid (A89) but grown in different locations in Michigan in 009 淀粉 Source: Dann Bolinger, M.S. Pioneer Dairy Specialist, Michigan 5 淀粉 中性洗涤纤维消化率 7 8 9 0 Source: Dann Bolinger, M.S. Pioneer Dairy Specialist, Michigan 意外.Surprise.同一个品种 A89 但是 产量 产量 中性洗涤纤维消化率 旨在提高纤维消化率的关于收获管理的研究 Research into Harvest Management Options to Increase Fiber Digestibility 留茬高收获的玉米青贮可以提供给生产者 拨入 适合 围产期奶牛和育肥肉牛期望的纤维消化率的选择 High-chopping corn silage allows producers the option of dialing in desired fiber digestibility for transition & high string rations 5
NDFD - hour incubation NDFD - hour incubation /5/0 高切割影响举例 Example of Influence of Chopping Height 先锋切割高度田间试验年份 ( 纽约,000) Pioneer Chopping Height Field Trial Year (New York, 000) 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 高切割对中性洗涤纤消化率的影响 Chop Height Influence on NDFD % 增长 % increase 9 (.5cm) _ cut X =. 8 (5cm) _ cut X = 9.7 生长季节对高切割时中性洗涤纤维消化率的影响很大 见下页同样品种 同样产量但是对下一生长季不同的影响 Growing season exerts a strong influence on the NDFD effect from high chopping.see next slide for same hybrid, same field but effect of the next growing season B 7 (7.5cm) _ (cut X = 5.7 5 7 8 9 0 5 明显的基因 x 生长环境互动 There appears to be a significant Genetic x Growing Season Interaction 先锋切割高度田间试验年份 ( 纽约,00) Pioneer Chopping Height Field Trial Year (New York, 00) 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 高切割对中性洗涤纤消化率的影响 Cutting Height Influence on NDFD 7% increase 这一季节仅 5% 的增长 7 _ cut This season only a 5% 5% increase X = 50. 9 _ cut X = 9.9 increase 8 _ cut X =.7 B 5 7 8 9 0 5 高切割的 个科学和流行杂志的文章总结 (Wu 和 Roth, 宾夕法尼亚州 ) Review of Scientific and Popular Press articles on high-chopping by Wu and Roth at Penn State 7+cm 8+7 cm 切割高的的时候你的确放弃了一些产量 You Do Give Up Some Yield When High-Chopping 每提高 0 厘米 ( 英尺 ) 切割高度 For each 0cm ( in) of increased cutting height 准备好每英亩产量会减少 900 公斤湿青贮 (0% 干物质 )( 每亩 50kg)Expect yields to be reduced by 900 kg of wet silage ton (0%DM) per acre 但是你留在地里的是茎秆, 不是高淀粉含量的玉米青贮 But what you leave in the field are stalks, not high-starch corn silage 淀粉含量.7.% unit increase Source: http://www.das.psu.edu/user/publications/pdf/das0-7.pdf 根据青贮种植季节及已有青贮品种改变青贮收割高度 Vary Silage Chop Height Depending on the Silage Growing Season and the Quality of the Other Forages Already in Storage.. 我们通常手动切割代表植株, 在切割之前分析中性洗涤纤维消化率 We often hand-chop representative plants and analyze NDFD before chopping 然后根据已贮备饲料 ( 例如干草 半干青贮 ) 的 NDFD 和期待的 NDF 消化率来调整切割高度 Then alter chop height based on desired NDFD and NDFD of other forages in storage (e.g. hay haylage) 生长季节对消化率的影响要求对作物进行提前测试, 以精确测量高切割可获得消化率 The growing season influence on NDFD requires pre-testing the crop to determine the exact NDFD impact from high chopping Thank You