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1 Open Innovation The Challenge and Response of Traditional Newspaper Industry

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5 Peopo 2008 feature writing Pearls Before Breakfast 5

6 New media and mobile technology are transforming traditional newspapers. Under resource constraints and technology disadvantages, how traditional newspapers innovate the contents, the media channels and business models by leveraging outside resources? This research select five cases to illustrate new open media innovation, including the Peopo citizen news platform, National Geographic Channel, one outstanding Pulitzer feature writing prize Pearls Before Breakfast, Next Media Animation, and Thermaltake. In theoretical implication, we find out five specific open innovation principles: open by energizing social capital, open by investing local media, open by leveraging design capability, open by IP management, and open by managing community. In practical implication, we reflect how traditional newspapers can learn from these cases to innovate their content, carriers and business models. carrier 6

7 PEOPO

9 NIELSEN

10 JOSHUA BELL

11 open innovation Seattle Post Intelligencer 104 The Pulitzer Prize Arthur Sulzberger 11

12 (Economist, 2011) iphone ipad The Huffington Post Web 2.0 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD % (OECD, 2008) 12

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17 investigative journalism citizen journalism photography journalism visual journalism 17

18 research development Research Development New Market Research Projects Current Market Firm boundaries 18

19 (Chesbrough, 2011) OECD 2005 GDP 70% (OECD, 2008) 2011 Chesbrough IBM IBM Xerox 19

20 UPS FedEx UPS 20

21 Peopo National Geographic Channel Washington Post Next Media Animation NMA Thermaltake Pearls Before Breakfast 21

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23 2003 Henry Chesbrough closed innovation P&G 23

24 Chesbrough (2003) IBM PricewaterhouseCoopers 24

25 P&G 2002 IBM 1989 IBM IBM (Chesbrough, 2011) 25

26 (Von Hippel, 2001) design thinking (Henkel, 2006) (Fleming & Waguespack, 2007) Henry Chesbrough

27 (Chesbrough, 2003a) Nokia (Dittrich & Duysters, 2007) (Lee, Park, Yoon, & Park, 2010) (Laursen & Salter, 2006) GE (Chesbrough, 2012) TiC100 27

28 FIAT (Di Minin, Frattini, & Piccaluga, 2010) (Chesbrough & Appleyard, 2007) 28

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38 Peopo qualitative research method anthropology sociology 38

39 (Langley, 1999) action research Peopo 2011 International Press Institute IPI Peopo ,907 6, Peopo 39

40 Gene Weingarten

41 CNN TMP Web TV 3D original design manufacturing ODM original equipment manufacturing OEM

42 theoretical sampling statistical sampling recontextualize Peopo Peopo 42

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53 Peopo Peopo Web 2.0 Peopo 53

54 Peopo 2006 CNN ireport ireporter NOWnews Wenews 54

55 watta Peopo 2010 watta Peopo Peopo 2009 ireporter NOWnews 2008 Wenews Wenews 55

56 Peopo Peopo Public Television Service Peopo 6,810 79, % 11% 49%

57 Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo n al er io sit y Nat Ch engchi i n U v 57

58 Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo 850 Peopo 58

59 Peopo 430 Peopo Peopo Peopo BBC Phil Harding Peopo The Guardian Peopo Peopo

60 Peopo 6 13 Peopo n er io sit y Nat al Ch engchi i n U v Peopo 60

61 Peopo CNN ireport Peopo Peopo CNN ireport 7 22 Peopo CNN ireport Peopo 61

62 Peopo Peopo Peopo PO Peopo Peopo 9 Peopo 62

63 Peopo 1200 Peopo 850 Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo crowd sourcing Linux 63

64 SARS Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo CNN ireport Peopo PeoPo

65 Peopo Peopo Peopo Peopo 65

66 2009 Peopo youtube itunes PeoPo Peopo BBC Phil Harding 66

67 HBO 1999 udn.com App HD 67

68 2007 National Geographic Channel NGC National Geographic Ventures FOX Entertainment Group National Geographic Society

69 % Explorers in Resident

71 2006 Happy Bingo V Happy Bingo 71

72 20% Open Pitch production insurance E&O insurance, Error & Omission NGC Production Management Handbook LV Discovery Coach 72

74 171 74

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76 The Washington Post Washington, D.C. New America Foundation, Pearls Before Breakfast Feature writing Investigative Journalism Facebook 76

77 Gene Weingarten Fatal Distraction 1979 Gene 2000 Humor Colum Gene 2005 McPherson Square I bet Yo Yo Ma himself, if he were in disguise, couldn't get through to these deadheads. Gene urban behavioral experiment 2007 Gene Joshua Bell 100 L Enfant Plaza 43 Gene beauty 77

78 Joshua Bell Interview does nothing less than tell human beings why they bother to live. 39 Joshua Bell 1998 The Red Violin John Corigliano Best Original Dramatic Score Joshua Bell Plays like a god. Joshua Bell Gene Joshua Bell (Weingarten, 2007) 78

79 Gene Joshua Bell T-shirt Leonar Slatkin Joshua Bell Gene Joshua Bell 350 Chaconne Gene Bell Bell Bell 32 Joshua Bell Joshua Bell Joshua Bell 79

80 Gene Joshua Bell appreciate If a great musician plays great music but no one hears... Was he really any good? Gene Gottfried Leibniz David Hume opinion Immanuel Kant Gene Kantian Joshua Bell Gene What is this life if, full of care, we have no time to stand and stare. Gene William Henry Davies Leisure 80

81 Gene Gene Joshua Bell Bell 1070 (Weingarten, 2007) Gene Washington Post.com 4 9 Call in Gene Gene Joshua Bell 81

82 Gene Joshua Bell Gladwell 82

83 Gene 83

84 Transmedia 84

86 Next Media Ltd

87 2003 Apple Daily Nielsen

88 D story board 10 motion capture 3D 80 88

89 Conan

90 2010 CNN Cable News Network TPM Talking Points Memo CBS BBC Youtube TomoNewsJP CNN CNN 7 90

91 The US-Sino currency battle is on G20 G20 sit y Nat n al er io 8 Ch engchi i n U v 91

92 It is about news, not news. CNN 92

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105 7 Chesbrough 7 / Peopo 105

106 Chesbrough Chesbrough 106

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109 Dixon 2000 near transfer far transfer (Dixon, 2000) 109

110 Weingarten Peopo 2009 Peopo ireporter udn Peopo ireporter ireporter ireporter Peopo ireporter 110

111 ireporter 111

112 Peopo Peopo Web 2.0 Web 2.0 Call in 112

113 udn udn udn Peopo 113

114 8 / Peopo 114

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119 Chesbrough, H. 2003a. The logic of open innovation: managing intellectual property. California Management Review, 45(3): Chesbrough, H Bringing Open Innovation to Services. MIT Sloan Management Review, 52(2): Chesbrough, H GE's ecomagination Challenge: AN EXPERIMENT IN OPEN INNOVATION. California Management Review, 54(3): Chesbrough, H. W. 2003b. Open innovation : the new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. Chesbrough, H. W., & Appleyard, M. M Open Innovation and Strategy. California Management Review, 50(1): Collins, S Crazy like a fox: the inside story of how Fox News beat CNN: Portfolio. Di Minin, A., Frattini, F., & Piccaluga, A Fiat: Open innovation in a downturn ( ). California Management Review, 52(3): Dittrich, K., & Duysters, G Networking as a Means to Strategy Change: The Case of Open Innovation in Mobile Telephony. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 24(6): Dixon, N. M Common knowledge how companies thrive by sharing what they know. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. Economist, T The News Industry: Bulletins from the Future, The Economist: 14. London. Economist, T Special report:the News Industry, Bulletins from the future, The Economist: 14. London. Fleming, L., & Waguespack, D. M Brokerage, boundary spanning, and leadership in open innovation communities. Organization Science, 18(2): Henkel, J Selective revealing in open innovation processes: The case of embedded Linux. Research Policy, 35(7):

120 Langley, A Strategies for theorizing from process data. Academy of Management Review, 24(4): Laursen, K., & Salter, A Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms. Strategic management journal, 27(2): Lee, S., Park, G., Yoon, B., & Park, J Open innovation in SMEs An intermediated network model. Research Policy, 39(2): OECD OECD Factbook 2008: Economic, Environmental, and Social Statistics: Organization for Economic. Stephens, M A history of news: Oxford University Press. Von Hippel, E PERSPECTIVE: User toolkits for innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 18(4): Weingarten, G Pearls Before Breakfast, The Washington Post. Washington The Washington Post

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從封閉式轉型為開放式國家創新系統典範 business model ecosystem IBM Microsoft Intel PC PC Chesbrough & Appleyard, 2007closed innovation West, Vanhaverbeke, & Gassmann, 20

從封閉式轉型為開放式國家創新系統典範 business model ecosystem IBM Microsoft Intel PC PC Chesbrough & Appleyard, 2007closed innovation West, Vanhaverbeke, & Gassmann, 20 1 open innovation Information and Communication Technology, ICT Web 2.0 / Online Social Networks, OSNs Henry Chesbrough Chesbrough, 2003 Linux 1 1998 Vernon Ehlers valley of death Ehlers, 1998 Sci-Tech