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1 Vol. 38 No. 4 July Population Research * Determinants of Changes in Housing Sources for Migrant Workers in Urban China An Empirical Study Based on a Twelve-city Migrant Survey Wang Yujun Yang Wenhui Liu Zhilin Abstract Housing for migrant workers has become a major social challenge to the large-scale urbanization in China. Many studies have demonstrated housing disadvantages of temporary migrants in that migrants have limited access to both market-based housing due to their economic conditions and government-sponsored affordable housing due to their official residency hukou. In particular much literature has analyzed institutional and individual factors of migrant housing conditions. This paper however investigates the extent to which migrant workers are able to move from employer-provided dorms or housing provided by social ties to market-based housing while working and living in cities and institutional and individual factors contributing to such changes. Statistical analysis using data derived from a twelve-city migrant survey shows that whereas most migrant workers live in dorms from employers and housing from social ties upon moving to cities many of them gradually move to rent or even purchasing housing from formal and informal housing markets. The odds of such change are significantly influenced by factors such as years of working in the city types of migration willingness to permanently settle in the city migrant social capital education and types ofdanwei. Keywords Migrant Workers Housing bources Market-based Housing Urban Integration Authors Wang Yujun is Assistant Professor School of Sociology and Population Studies Renmin University of China. ruc. edu. cn Beijing Yang Wenhui is Master Student School of Public Policy and Management Tsinghua University. Liu Zhilin is Associate Professor School of Public Policy and Management Tsinghua University. * 14XNJ020

2 % % Wang Xu et al Tao and Xu Huang 2003 He et al Wu Huang 2003 Wu Zheng et al Wang et al He et al

3 Table 1 1 Provisions of the Affordable Housing Policy on Target Population in Five Cities and Provinces * * Fan 2003 Zhuang Wu Zhuang Li and Zhang 2011 Li et al. 2009

4 Wang et al ~ % % 62. 4% 81. 6% % 36. 5% % % % % 1

5 4 67 Table 2 2 Resources of First Housing of Urban Migrant Works and the Situation when they Arriving at the City % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 7. 27% % % % 2331 Pearson chi2 8 = p = % 59. 3% 23 5% % % % % % N Table 3 3 Changes in Housing Resources of Urban Migrant Workers % % % N % % 1. 03% % % 1. 41% % % % % % 4. 86% 2324 Pearson Chi2 4 = P =

6 % 13% 11% Table 4 Descriptive Statistics of Key Variables % % 0

7 % a a a a Binary Logistic Regression

8 Logistic % 35. 1% 5 50% % 83. 5% % =

9 Logistic Table 5 Logistic Regression Results for Determinants of Changes in Housing Resources of Migrant Workers in Cities Unstandardized Coefficient B SE Exp B B SE Exp B *** *** *** *** * * * * *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** * * ** ** a * * a * * = ** ** = *** *** *** *** 80 = *** *** *** *** LR Chi-Square *** *** - 2 Log likelihood McFadden's R Nagelkerke R N a + p < * p < ** p < *** p <

10 Logistic 1 /References EB /OL http / /www. bjstats. gov. cn /rkpc _6 /pcdt /pcxw / / t _ htm. Leading Group Office of Beijing Sixth National Population Census Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistic Beijing Survey Office of National Bureau of Statistics of China Beijing Sixth National Population Census Data Communique Released May Online Available HTTP http / /www. bjstats. gov. cn /rkpc_6 /pcdt /pcxw / /t _ htm Cao Ziwei Reconstructing Social Network of Migrant Workers and the Resource Flows within the Network. Sociological Studies Fan C. C Rural-urban Migration and Gender Division of Labor in Transitional China. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research EB /OL http / / www. stats. gov. cn / tjgb / rkpcgb / qgrkpcgb / t _ htm. National Bureau of Statistics of China First Communique of Main Results from the 2010 Sixth National Population Census Released April Online. Available HTTP http / /www. stats. gov. cn /tjgb /rkpcgb /qgrkpcgb /t _ htm Accessed 23 May EB /OL http / / 1

11 4 73 www. cin. gov. cn /zcfg /gwwj / /t _ htm. State Council The Opinions about Resolving Housing Difficulties on Urban Low-income Families. Released August Online Available http / /www. cin. gov. cn /zcfg /gwwj / /t _ htm. 6 He S. Liu Y. Wu F. & Webster C Social Groups and Housing Differentiation in China's Urban Villages An Institutional Interpretation. Housing Studies Hou Huili and Li Chunhua The Non-institutional Factors of Beijing's Migrant Housing. Social Science of Beijing Huang Y Renters Housing Behavior in Transitional Urban China. Housing Studies Li B. and Zhang Y Housing Provision for Rural-urban Migrant Workers in Chinese Cities The Roles of the State Employers and the Market. Social Policy & Administration Li B. Duda M. & An X Drivers of Housing Choice among Rural-to-urban Migrants Evidence from Taiyuan. Journal of Asian Public Policy Li Shuchu et al Social Integration of Migrant Workers in China and Its Determinants An Analysis Based on Social Supporting Network. Population & Economics Li Qiang and Tang Zhuang Migrant Workers and Informal Employment in Urban Cities. Sociological Studies Lv Wei and Wang Weitong Unbalanced Development Public Services and Government Responsibility An Analysis Based on Government Preference and Government Efficiency. Social Sciences in China Ren Yuan and Wu Minle Social Integration of Floating Population in Urban China A Literature Review. Population Research Tao R. & Xu Z Urbanization Rural Land System and Social Security for Migrants in China. Journal of Development Studies Wang Chunguang A Study of Floating Rural People's Semi-urbanization. Sociological Studies Wang Y. P Urban Poverty. Housing and Social Change in China. London and New York Routledge. 18 Wang Y. P. Wang Y. & Wu J Housing Migrant Workers in Rapidly Urbanizing Regions A Study of the Chinese Model in Shenzhen. Housing Studies Wu W Migrant Housing in Urban China - Choices and Constraints. Urban Affairs Review Wu W Sources of Migrant Housing Disadvantage in Urban China. Environment and Planning A Xu Q. Guan X. & Yao F Welfare Program Participation among Rural-to-urban Migrant Workers in China. International Journal of Social Welfare Xu Tianzeng An Empirical Analysis of Migrant Workers Permanent Settlement Intention Based on Beijing Area. Economic Sciences Zhang Chunni and Liu Linping Diversity of Social Network and Labor Market Outcome A Study on How Social Contacts Affect the Wage of Migrant Workers. Sociological Studies

12 Zheng S. Long F. Fan C. C. & Gu Y Urban Villages in China A 2008 Survey of Migrant Settlements in Beijing. Eurasian Geography and Economics Zheng Siqi and Yang Cao Housing Problems of Rural-urban Labor Migrants A Perspective of Economic Growth and Social Integration. Social Science in Guangdong Zhou Da The Analysis of Housing Needs of Urban Migrants in China. Urban Problems Zhou Tao and Lv Ping The Characteristics and Supply Strategy of Migrant Workers Housing Consumption. Construction Economy Zhuang M The Social Support Network for Rural Migrant Workers in Chengdu China Local Governance and Civil Society in the Fight Against Poverty and Exclusion. IDS Bulletin

Li An

Li An 41 4 2017 7 Vol. 41 No. 4 July 2017 82 Population Research 2013 100872 Hukou Relocation andregistered Population Urbanization Hou Yajie Abstract In the Chinese context migration is defined to be move withhukou