~ a J. C. Caldwell 1976 Becker 1974 Lee Parish and Willis 1994 Zi

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1 Vol. 35 No. 3 May Population Research * Intergenerational Relationship between Adult Only Child and their Parents Song Jian Huang Fei Abstract Using the youth survey data collected in November 2009 we examine intergenerational relationship between only child ages and their parents in urban China comparison with that of adults with siblings in same age cohort.results show that only child is more likely to co - reside with parents and get more economic support from parents but there is no significant difference between only child and their counterparts with siblings in providing parents with economic support and emotional contact.employment marital status and childbearing have important effects on intergenerational relationship by raising the probabilities of children living apart from parents getting less help from parents having less contact with parents and offering more economic support for their parents.implications are discussed in the paper. Keywords Intergenerational Relationship Only child Life Events Comparative Study Authors Song Jian is Associate Professor Center for Population and Development Studies Renmin University of China.Huang Fei is graduate student School of Sociology and Population Studies Renmin University of China.Beijing songjian@ ruc.edu.cn * 08BRK

2 ~ a J. C. Caldwell 1976 Becker 1974 Lee Parish and Willis 1994 Zimmer and Kwong 2003

3 Logan and Bian 1999 Logan Bian and Bian 1998 Logan and Bian Zimmer and Kwong a 60% b ~ ~

4 Figure 1 1 Intergenerational Interactions between Children and Parents ~ %

5 % Table 1 Variables Definitions and Descriptions / 1 = 0 = / 1 = 2000 / 0 = ~ 8000 / 1 = 2001 ~ 8000 / 0 = / 1 = 8001 / 0 = / 1 = 2000 / 0 = ~ 8000 / 1 = 2001 ~ 8000 / 0 = / 1 = 8001 / 0 = = 0 = = 0 = = 0 = = 1 0 = = = = = = 1 0 = = 1 0 = = = = 1 0 =

6 / 1 = 0 = = 0 = = 0 = = 0 = = 0 = = 0 = ~ = 0 = < / 1 = / 0 = ~ / 1 = ~ / 0 = ~ / 1 = ~ / 0 = / 1 = / 0 = = 0 = = 0 = = 0 = = 0 = ~ = 0 = = 0 = = 0 = = 0 = = 0 = = 0 = = = = 0 = ~ = 1 = 1 = 0 = = 0 = = 0 = % 2 3 4

7 b % % % % 20%~ 44% 6%~ 7% 5% % % % % % % % 7. 95%

8 logistic Table 2 Binary Logistic Regression Model Results of Living Arrangements *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ** *** ** ** *** *** / ~ / ~ / / *** *** *** *** *** *** ** ** *** *** Log Likelihood LR chi Pseudo R ***p < **p < * p < p < 0. 1

9 % 25% 39% 36% b 30% ~ 60% b % % % % % % % % ~ ~ ~ % ~ 19% % ~ 7% ~ 2 2 ~ 3 3

10 ~ ~ % % logistic % 7% ~ 9% % % % 61. 7% % 86. 6% 68. 8% % 85. 5% 44. 3% 1 logistic OLM Ordinal Logistic Regression Model OLM logistic

11 3 13 Table 3 3 logistic Multinomial Logistic Regression Model Results of Intergenerational Net Economic Flow * *** * *** *** ** / ~ / ** ~ / *** / *** * ** ** *** * ** Log Likelihood LR chi Pseudo R *** p < ** p < * p < p < 0. 1

12 % 1 45% p < % ~ 60% %

13 3 15 /References ~ 72 Bao Leiping and Chen Jianqiang Marriage and Childbearing of Only - child Parents A Case Study of Shanghai. Population Research ~ 145 Chen Jieming Investment and Old - age Support Causal - effect Analysis of Intergenerational Exchange of Urban Inhabitants. Social Sciences in China David Bopenoe Sociology. Translated by Li Qiang et al. China Renmin University Press Deng Weizhi and Xu Rong Family Sociology. China Social Sciences Press Fei Xiaotong Old - age Support in Context of Family Structure Changes Reanalysis on Changes in Chinese Family Structures. Collection of Sociological Papers by Fei Xiaotong. Tianjin Renmin Press a ~ 110 Feng Xiaotian. 2009a. Family Structure of Parents of First Generation of Only Children Analysis of Five Cities in China. Social Science Research b 5 24 ~ 30 Feng Xiaotian. 2009b. Living Arrangement of Urban Only Children and their Parents. Academia Bimestris ~ 95 Feng Xiaotian Relationship of Working Youth to their Parents A Comparative Analysis of Only Children with those of Siblings. Jiangsu Social Sciences a 4 5 ~ 10 Feng Xiaotian. 2006a. Only Children in China Size Difference and Evaluation. Theory Monthly b 5 57 ~ 63 Feng Xiaotian. 2006b. Living Arrangements of the First - generation Married Only Children An Analysis based on the Survey in 12 Cities. Population Research ~ 61 Feng Xiaotian Family Role Characteristics of Only Children. Fujian Forum Social Sciences and Education ~ 132 Hao Yuzhang An Empirical Study on Parental Role of Married Only Children. Inner Mongolian Social Sciences in Mandiran ~ 24

14 16 35 Song Jian Only Children and Only - children Family in China. Population Research ~ 16 Wang Guangzhou Size Structure and Future Trends of Chinese Only Children. Population Research ~ 21 Wang Yuesheng Theoretical Analysis of Intergenerational Relationship in Chinese Families. Population Research ~ 31 Xu Qin A Comparative Study on Support for Parents of Sons and Daughters. Population Research ~ 53 Yang Juhua and Li Lulu Intergenerational Interaction and Family Cohesion A Comparative Study of East - Asian Countries and Regions. Sociological Studies ~ 17 Yang Shuzhang and Guo Zhenwei Current Situation of Chinese Only Children and Influence on Future Population Development. Market and Population Analysis ~ 36 Yin Zhigang Choices for Models of Old - Age Support by One - child Parents in Beijing Based on an Investigation into the First One - child Families in Xicheng and Xuanwu. Journal of Nanjing College for Population Programme Management ~ 37 Zhang Wenjuan and Li Shuzhuo A Study on Intergenerational Support for the Elderly in Rural Chinese Families. Statistical Research Becker. G. S A Theory of Social Interactions. Journal of Political Economy Caldwell J. C Toward a Restatement of Demographic Transition Theory. Population and Development Review Lee Y. J. W. L. Parish and R. J. Willis Sons Daughters and Intergenerational Support in Taiwan. American Journal of Sociology Logan J. F. Q. Bian & Y. J. Bian Tradition and Change in the Urban Chinese Family The Case of Living Arrangements. Social Forces Logan J. & F. Q. Bian Family Values and Coresidence with Married Children in Urban China. Social Forces Zimmer Z. & J. Kwong Family Size and Support of Older Adults in Urban and Rural China Current Effects and Future Implications. Demography

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38 1 2014 1 Vol. 38No. 1 January 2014 51 Population Research 2010 2010 2010 65 100028 Changing Lineal Families with Three Generations An Analysis of the 2010 Census Data Wang Yuesheng Abstract In contemporary