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2 1. Major Events and Persons God promises Abraham many descendants, 2100 BCE Abraham lived around 2100 BCE in what is now Iraq. God told him to move to Canaan, which later became Israel. Unlike many people, Abraham believed in the one true God. God rewarded Abraham's faith and made him the father of a great nation (Israel). Jacob (Israel) is born, 2000 BCE Jacob, the son of Isaac, who was the son of Abraham, is born in Canaan. Jacob's name is changed to Israel. (Canaan is later renamed Israel, after Jacob). He has 12 sons, for whom the 12 Tribes of Israel are named. Joseph sold into slavery, 1900 BCE Joseph, one of the 12 sons of Jacob (Israel), is sold into slavery by his brothers, who are jealous of him. Joseph ends up in Egypt, where he rises to power as a trusted assistant of a pharaoh. His father and his brothers later leave Canaan, because of a famine, and move to Egypt. They are later saved from harm by Joseph.

4 Moses and the burning bush The Hebrews, or Israelites (descendants of Jacob), are enslaved for 400 years in Egypt until Moses leads them out of Egypt. At the time of his calling Moses is a refugee shepherding a flock of sheep in the Sinai desert Exodus 3:1-6 Moses was keeping the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian; he led his flock beyond the wilderness, and came to Horeb, the mountain of God. 2 There the angel of the LORD appeared to him in a flame of fire out of a bush; he looked, and the bush was blazing, yet it was not consumed. 3 Then Moses said, "I must turn aside and look at this great sight, and see why the bush is not burned up." 4 When the LORD saw that he had turned aside to see, God called to him out of the bush, "Moses, Moses!" And he said, "Here I am." 5 Then he said, "Come no closer! Remove the sandals from your feet, for the place on which you are standing is holy ground." 6 He said further, "I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob." And Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look at God. Exodus 3:1-6 摩西牧养他岳父米甸祭司叶忒罗的羊群 ; 一日领羊群往野外去, 到了神的山, 就是何烈山 (2) 耶和华的使者从荆棘里火焰中向摩西显现摩西观看, 不料, 荆棘被火烧著, 却没有烧毁 (3) 摩西说 : 我要过去看这大异象, 这荆棘为何没有烧坏呢? (4) 耶和华神见他过去要看, 就从荆棘里呼叫说 : 摩西! 摩西! 他说 : 我在这里 (5) 神说 : 不要近前来当把你脚上的鞋脱下来, 因为你所站之地是圣地 ; (6) 又说 : 我是你父亲的神, 是亚伯拉罕的神, 以撒的神, 雅各的神摩西蒙上脸, 因为怕看神

5 Moses and the Burning bush By Marc Chagall

6 Exodus and Torah, 1446 BCE The Hebrews, or Israelites (descendants of Jacob), are enslaved for 400 years in Egypt until Moses leads them out of Egypt, through the Red sea and into the desert. As they come to Mount Sinai the people camp and Moses climbs the mountain to receive instructions from God. Moses spends 40 days and nights on the mountain and the people get impatient. They believe that Moses will not come back....

7 Exodus 32:1-6 When the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people gathered around Aaron, and said to him, "Come, make gods for us, who shall go before us; as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him." 2 Aaron said to them, "Take off the gold rings that are on the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me." 3 So all the people took off the gold rings from their ears, and brought them to Aaron. 4 He took the gold from them, formed it in a mold, and cast an image of a calf; and they said, "These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!" 5 When Aaron saw this, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation and said, "Tomorrow shall be a festival to the LORD." 6 They rose early the next day, and offered burnt offerings and brought sacrifices of well-being; and the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to revel. Exodus 32:1-6 百姓见摩西迟延不下山, 就大家聚集到亚伦那里, 对他说 : 起来! 为我们做神像, 可以在我们前面引路 ; 因为领我们出埃及地的那个摩西, 我们不知道他遭了什麽事 (2) 亚伦对他们说 : 你们去摘下你们妻子儿女耳上的金环, 拿来给我 (3) 百姓就都摘下他们耳上的金环, 拿来给亚伦 (4) 亚伦从他们手里接过来, 铸了一只牛犊, 用雕刻的器具做成他们就说 : 以色列啊, 这是领你出埃及地的神 (5) 亚伦看见, 就在牛犊面前筑坛, 且宣告说 : 明日要向耶和华守节 (6) 次日清早, 百姓起来献燔祭和平安祭, 就坐下吃喝, 起来玩耍

8 The Golden Cal By Poisson

9 The Golden Calf By Emil Nolde

10 Exodus 32: The LORD said to Moses, "Go down at once! Your people, whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have acted perversely; 8 they have been quick to turn aside from the way that I commanded them; they have cast for themselves an image of a calf, and have worshiped it and sacrificed to it, and said, 'These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!'" 9 The LORD said to Moses, "I have seen this people, how stiff-necked they are. 10 Now let me alone, so that my wrath may burn hot against them and I may consume them; and of you I will make a great nation." Exodus 32:7-10 耶和华吩咐摩西说 : 下去吧, 因为你的百姓, 就是你从埃及地领出来的, 已经败坏了 (8) 他们快快偏离了我所吩咐的道, 为自己铸了一只牛犊, 向他下拜献祭, 说 : 以色列啊, 这就是领你出埃及地的神 (9) 耶和华对摩西说 : 我看这百姓真是硬著颈项的百姓 (10) 你且由著我, 我要向他们发烈怒, 将他们灭绝, 使你的後裔成为大国

11 Exodus 32: But Moses implored the LORD his God, and said, "O LORD, why does your wrath burn hot against your people, whom you brought out of the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand? 12 Why should the Egyptians say, 'It was with evil intent that he brought them out to kill them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth'? Turn from your fierce wrath; change your mind and do not bring disaster on your people. 13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, your servants, how you swore to them by your own self, saying to them, 'I will multiply your descendants like the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have promised I will give to your descendants, and they shall inherit it forever.'" Exodus 32:11-14 摩西便恳求耶和华他的神说 : 耶和华啊, 你为什麽向你的百姓发烈怒呢? 这百姓是你用大力和大能的手从埃及地领出来的 (12) 为什麽使埃及人议论说他领他们出去, 是要降祸与他们, 把他们杀在山中, 将他们从地上除灭? 求你转意, 不发你的烈怒, 後悔, 不降祸与你的百姓 (13) 求你记念你的仆人亚伯拉罕以撒以色列你曾指著自己起誓说 : 我必使你们的後裔像天上的星那样多, 并且我所应许的这全地, 必给你们的後裔, 他们要永远承受为业 (14) 於是耶和华後悔, 不把所说的祸降与他的百姓 14 And the LORD changed his mind about the disaster that he planned to bring on his people.

12 Exodus 32: Then Moses turned and went down from the mountain, carrying the two tablets of the covenant in his hands, tablets that were written on both sides, written on the front and on the back. 16 The tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved upon the tablets. 1 7 When Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said to Moses, "There is a noise of war in the camp." 18 But he said, "It is not the sound made by victors, or the sound made by losers; it is the sound of revelers that I hear." 19 As soon as he came near the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, Moses' anger burned hot, and he threw the tablets from his hands and broke them at the foot of the mountain. 20 He took the calf that they had made, burned it with fire, ground it to powder, scattered it on the water, and made the Israelites drink it. Exodus 32:15-20 摩西转身下山, 手里拿著两块法版这版是两面写的, 这面那面都有字, (16) 是神的工作, 字是神写的, 刻在版上 (17) 约书亚一听见百姓呼喊的声音, 就对摩西说 : 在营里有争战的声音 (18) 摩西说 : 这不是人打胜仗的声音, 也不是人打败仗的声音, 我所听见的乃是人歌唱的声音 (19) 摩西挨近营前就看见牛犊, 又看见人跳舞, 便发烈怒, 把两块版扔在山下摔碎了, (20) 又将他们所铸的牛犊用火焚烧, 磨得粉碎, 撒在水面上, 叫以色列人喝

13 Moses breaks the Tablets of the Decalogue By Rembrandt

14 40 Years in the Desert 1. Rameses Israel was thrust out of Egypt (Ex. 12; Num. 33:5). 2. Succoth After the Hebrews left this first campsite, the Lord attended them in a cloud by day and in a pillar of fire by night (Ex. 13:20-22). 3. Pi-hahiroth Israel passed through the Red Sea (Ex. 14; Num. 33:8). 4. Marah The Lord healed the waters of Marah (Ex. 15:23-26). 5. Elim Israel camped by 12 springs (Ex. 15:27). 6. Wilderness of Sin The Lord sent manna and quail to feed Israel (Ex. 16). 7. Rephidim Israel fought with Amalek (Ex. 17:8-16). 8. Mount Sinai (Mount Horeb or Jebel Musa) The Lord revealed the Ten Commandments (Ex ). 9. Sinai Wilderness Israel constructed the tabernacle (Ex ). 10. Wilderness Camps Seventy elders were called to help Moses govern the people (Num. 11:16-17). 11. Ezion-geber Israel passed through the lands of Esau and Ammon in peace (Deut. 2). 12. Kadesh-barnea Moses sent spies into the promised land; Israel rebelled and failed to enter the land; Kadesh served as the main camp of Israel for many years (Num. 13:1-3, 17-33; 14; 32:8; Deut. 2:14). 13. Eastern Wilderness Israel avoided conflict with Edom and Moab (Num. 20:14-21; 22-24). 14. Arnon River Israel destroyed the Canaanites who fought against them (Deut. 2:24-37). 15. Mount Nebo Moses viewed the promised land (Deut. 34:1-4). Moses delivered his last three sermons (Deut. 1-32). 16. Plains of Moab The Lord told Israel to divide the land and dispossess the inhabitants (Num. 33:50-56). 17. Jordan River Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground. Near Gilgal, stones from the bottom of the Jordan River were placed as a monument of Jordan s waters being divided (Josh. 3-5). 18. Jericho The children of Israel possessed and destroyed the city (Josh. 6).

15 The Conquest, 1406 BCE After Moses dies, Joshua leads the Israelites into Canaan and begins conquering the land, establishing a sovereign country of Israel for the first time in history. Judges, 1400 BCE From about 1400 BCE to about 1050 BCE, Israel was not ruled by kings but by judges. The people think of God as their King. Instead of an earthly king, Israel is led by judges who settled disputes. The last judge is Samuel, who also is a prophet.

16 Saul becomes Israel's first king, 1050 BCE After about 350 years of being ruled by judges, the people of Israel demand to have a king, like the neighboring countries. By demanding a king, the people are questioning God as their sole king. God thus commissions Samuel to anoint Saul to be king. Saul reigns about 40 years. But Saul is a bad king and Samuel is commissioned to anoint another king another king in secret. The new king is still a boy. Still during the reign of Saul, David, the boy becomes known as a great warrior. The story of David and Goliath:

17 David and Goliath by Osmar Schindler

18 David and Goliath by Rubens

19 David, King of Israel, 1010 BCE David becomes king of Israel in about 1010 BCE and reigns for 40 years. Unlike his predecessor Saul, David follows the commands of God. He is presented as a king who makes mistakes, but who also repents for them, thus epitomizing the good King, the king who pleases God. He expands Israel and rules over surrounding territories. Thus Israel becomes an Empire. Empire, latin Imperium = a geographically extensive group of states and peoples (ethnic groups)

20 The Empire of King David

21 Solomon, 970 BCE Solomon, son of David, becomes king in about 970 BCE. Like his father he too reigns for about 40 years. Solomon builds the Temple in honor of God. The work is completed in about 960 BCE. Salomon is known to be a wise king, and many of the Proverbs and Wisdom sayings in the poetical books of the Bible are attributed to him.

22 Solomon s Temple

23 The Judgment of Solomon, Poussin

24 The Judgment of Solomon, Raffael

25 Israel becomes a divided kingdom, 926 BCE Solomon lived a luxurious life. His building projects temple and a great palace demanded large sums of money. So he taxed the people heavily. When he died, the people, especially in the north, demand to pay less taxes. But Rehobeam, the son and successor of Salomon, refused to lighten the burden. Thus, shortly after the death of Solomon, the Empire fell apart into: The southern kingdom, called Judah, includes the city of Jerusalem and the Temple. The northern kingdom continued to be called Israel. The two are often at war with each other.

26 The divided Kingdom Israel 10 tribes Judah 2 tribes

27 721 BCE Assyrians conquer northern kingdom of Israel The Assyrian Empire conquers the northern kingdom of Israel in about 721 BCE. The Assyrians torture and decapitate many. They force many Israelites (10 of the 12 Tribes of Israel) out of Israel and bring in foreigners BCE Babylon attacks Judah and destroys Jerusalem and the Temple Babylonian army attacks Judah and takes more Jews as captives to Babylon. Ezekiel, one of the captives, becomes a prophet of God. Ezekiel explains that God is allowing Babylon to punish Judah because the people have been unfaithful to God. Soon Babylon attacks Judah again. This time, the Babylonians destroy Jerusalem and the Temple that Solomon had built. More Jews are taken as captives to Babylon.

28 538 BCE Cyrus releases Jews from Babylonian Captivity After the death of Nebuchadnezzar, the neo-babylonian Empire begins to lose power. Cyrus the Great conquers Babylon in 539 BCE, establishing the Medo-Persian Empire. After conquering Babylon, Cyrus offers the Jews their freedom to leave Babylon and to return to Judah. Cyrus' kingdom rules over Judah and many other parts of the Middle East, but Cyrus allows people more cultural and religious freedom than did the neo- Babylonian Empire BCE Rebuilding and dedication of the Temple Some of the Jews in Babylon return to Judah and begin work in about 536 BCE to rebuild the Temple, which had been destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE. The Temple is consecrated for worship, 70 years after the Babylonians had destroyed it in 586 BCE.

29 333 BCE Greeks begin rule over land of Israel The Greeks, under the leadership of Alexander the Great, defeat Persian armies in Macedonia in 333 BCE. This marks the fall of the Medo-Persian Empire and the rise of the Grecian Empire. 250 BCE The Old Testament is translated into Greek A Greek ruler asks the Jews to translate all or part of the Old Testament into the Greek language. The translation is called the Septuagint. 175 BCE Greek ruler Antiochus Epiphanes torments the Jews Greek ruler Antiochus Epiphanes rules Syria from about 175 BCE to about 164 BCE. He reigns over Judah and tries to destroy the Jewish religion. He also defiles the Temple.

30 164 BCE to 63 BCE Jews have independence The Maccabees, a group that fought for Jewish independence, stage a revolt against the Greeks and establish the Hasmonean royal dynasty, as well as sovereignty over all or part of the land of Israel for about 100 years, from about 164 BCE to 63 BCE. 63 BCE The Romans take over land of Israel After the death of Alexander the Great, the empire of the Greeks is divided up and becomes weaker. During this time, the Roman Empire becomes increasingly powerful. The Roman general named Pompey seizes control over the land of Israel.

蔡氏族譜序 2

蔡氏族譜序 2 1 蔡氏族譜 Highlights with characters are Uncle Mike s corrections. Missing or corrected characters are found on pages 9, 19, 28, 34, 44. 蔡氏族譜序 2 3 福建仙遊赤湖蔡氏宗譜序蔡氏之先出自姬姓周文王第五子