中國「市場社會主義」媒體的探索 ~21凌晨

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1 Is It Legitimate To Imagine China's TV as Socialist? The State, the media and 'market socialism' in China by Chien-san FENG << 陸兩見論更 Key words: state, market socialism, China s TV economics, public sphere, private ownership Abstract This paper puts forward a polemical questioning of whether it is still possible to imagine or construct China's media as socialist, or if the potential for bringing out a socialist media order in China has been exhausted. Some data, however insufficient, is presented to argue that, economically, the Chinese media has not yet totally failed its 'truth claim' of market socialism in China. For example, the taxation policy on broadcasting is used to raise revenue from the richer regions of China that is partly transferred to help improve the infrastructure and services available in the poor, remote and rural areas. Athough further reforms are required, China does not need to make its media ownership policy 'clearer' lest the policy becomes another method for legitimating private ownership. Issues related to the public sphere under party-state control are also examined 1

2 and it is demonstrated that there has been a rise in citizen involvement in the public controversy. The paper concludes it is not inevitable that Chinese media will develop into full market capitalism. a 1 2

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26 Brus, W. (1991) Market socialism, pp.336-9, in A Dictionary of Marxist Thought (2 nd ed.), edited by Tom Bottomore, Laurence Harris, V.G.Kiernan and Ralph Miliband, Oxford: Blackwell. Callinicos, Alex 1999 'Social theory put to the test of politics: Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens', New Left Review, No.236: Duckett, Jane (1998) The Entrepreneurial State in China, London:Routledge. Feng, Chien-san (2003) 'Is it legitimate to imagine China's media as socialist?', Javnost/The Public: Journal of the European Institute for Communication and Culture, Vol.10,No.4, December, pp Gittings, John (1997) Real China:from cannibalism to karaoke, London:Pocket Books. Gowan, Peter (1999) 'The NATO powers and the Balkan tragedy', New Left Review, No.234, March/April, pp 兩 Holmstrom, Nancy and Richard Smith (2000) 'Necessity of ganster capitalism: primitive accumulation in Russia and China',Monthly Review, February,51(9:1-15). Lau, W.K. (2001) 'A book review' (of Jane Duckett's) The Entrepreneurial State in China, London:Routledge,1998), Capital and Class, 25th anniversary supplement,autumn: Lynch, Daniel C. (1999) After the Propaganda State: media, politics,and "thought work" in reformed China, Stanford University Press. Mann, Michael (1988) States, War and Capitalism:studies in political sociology, Oxford:Basel Blackwell. Miller, Toby, Nitin Govil, John McMurria and Richard Maxwell (2001) Global Hollywood, London:BFI. Poggi, Thomas W. (2001) 'Economic justice, national and global', < ><<>> Renwick, Neil(2003) 'Greater China, globali8ation and emancipation',in Rawnsley, 26

27 Gary D.and Ming-yeh T. Rawnsley (eds), Political Communications in Greater China:the construction and reflection of identity, pp , London: Routledge Curzon. Roemer, John 1994A Future for Socialism, Cambridge, Mass.:Havard University Press. Rosen, Stanley (2002) < > <<>> Stiglitz, Joseph (1989) Economic role of the State, (1998)<< >> Tollison, Robert D.(1982) 'Rent seeking: a survey', Kyklos, 35,4: Zhao, Yuezhi (1998) Media, Market and Democracy in China:between the Party line and the bottom line, Illinois University Press. ---(2000)'Watchdogs on Party Leashes? Contexts and implications of investigative journalism in post-deng China',Journalism Studies,1(4: ). Wallerstein, Immanuel (1995) After Liberalism, <<>>2001 北聯 Weil, Robert1996Red Cat, White Cat : China & the Contradictions of "Market Socialism", NY:Monthly Review Press. Wong, Kokkeong 2001Media and Culture in Singapore: a theory of controlled commodification, NJ:Hampton Press. 27

引言

1 2 Szelenyi Kostello (1996) Gordon (2000) (Alcock, 1997, pp92-96; Burden, 2000; Duffy, 1998; Gordon et al, 2000; Jordan, 1996; Saraceno, 1997; SEU, 2001) (Bauman, 1998 Silverman & Yanowitch, 1997) 1979