ul 3 3 5min h mmol/L 1. 3mm 100mm 1 2ml 0.4ml mm 2.5mm" 0 " 4. 1h mm 5. 3h g/L 10g/L ACD

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1 EDTA K 2 EDTA K 2 2 H 2 O mg 1ml 4. 6h 2h 5. EDTA K % 1. Hinkelmann ml

2 ul 3 3 5min h mmol/L 1. 3mm 100mm 1 2ml 0.4ml mm 2.5mm" 0 " 4. 1h mm 5. 3h g/L 10g/L ACD 1. 1 ACD min 1

3 Miller min min ml r/ h r/ h 2. 50g/L NaOH

4 ml g/L NaOH PH g/L 2. 2mol/L ph

5 ml 1ml g/L - tolidine Hb / Mb 2. 5ml 2.8g80% 5 Mb Hb Rous 1 20g/L 2 3 % 1. 15ml 2000r/min 5min 2. 20g/L 3%2ml 10min 3.

6 um AR ml2 3ml2000r/min 5min ml 2ml 2. 4ml 3ml 3. 4ml

7 g/L ml 1ml 3min g/L ~4min /4 1/ ml 1500r/ min 5min ml ml 18mm 18mm h h 5:30

8 : h 10ml 1500r/min 5min 9ml 1ml /h/h /h 1. PH min

9 min % 2 3ml % 1.

10 u l ul0.38ml 4 50 ul % Pandy %60min 100ml 100ml 0.1ml PH /L /L 2.

11 min- HE min ml 20ul min /L ml 10 9 /L 1. 3~

12 ph 2. Pentagastrin 6ug/kg15min 4 3. BAO MAO ph ph 3 ph

13 Duke

14 h4h 0.3g/ vwf : AgELISA 1.0~1.5ml 30mmol/L - PH5.0 1:9 v/v 1h ELISA 3. ELISA ELISA

15 ~15min 4. EDTA.Na 2 1.0~1.5ml ml

16 ml 0.5ml 109mmol/L 1. PRPPPP 2. ADP Ristocetin PAgT 1. ph6.8~8.5 ph ~25 3h 3ml mmol/L 1:9 1. 2h r/min 10min 3. C ml 109mmol/L 0.2ml mol/L CaCl 2

17 h 4,4h ml 5ml 1.8ml 0.2ml109mmol/L mmol/L 2. 1% 3. ph mol/LCaCl min t-pa 2. PAI 0.9ml, 0.1ml 109mmol/l mol/LTris PH % v/v 4. 50% v/v

18 D-DIC 1~1.5ml EDTA.Na 2 ELISA 1. 10% 2. 8h 4 4 D D- 1.0 ~1.5ml mmol/L 2. 10g/L ph EDTA ELISA

19 1370 1~1.5ml mmol/L h 4h 2. EDTA.Na 2 5s 0.9ml 0.1ml 109mmol/L mg/ mmol/L ~1.5ml ~1.5ml NaCL 2 2h 2.

20 ~ NaCL NaCL PH 1~1.5ml 9g/L NaCl ph PH ph g/L HiCN mol/L ATP 2ml 37 24h 1.

21 h 5ml 1. Ham's mol/ L HCL g/ L NaCl 3 AB PH ml 92.4g/L ~1.0ml EDTA ACD mol/L Tris-HCL ph mol/L KCl mol/L MgCl mol/L G 6 PNa 2 2mg/ml mol/L NADP TPN 5mg/ml 6.

22 1373 EDTA ACD 448 2~2.5ml 0.2ml 109mmol/L mol/L 0.28mol/L mmol/L mol/L PH mmol/L ACD ACD St B 8 Heinz g/L g/L GSH 2.0~2.5mlEDTA.Na 2 ACD mol/L Na 2 HPO 4

23 g/L EDTA.Na g EDTA.Na 2 0.2g NaCl 30g 100ml DTNBN mmol/L GSH umol/L GSH 1. GSH ACD 3 2. GSH PCV GSH GSH : G6PD GSH G6PD 2.0~2.5ml ACD EDTA.Na 2 100mg 1ml 0.05ml 5mg 37 8ml ~1.5ml EDTA.Na mol/L Tris ph ph B mol/L NaOH 7. 8.

24 1375 H 3~4 0.5ml 10g/L 1g0.4g 100ml 1. HbH 10min 1h Hb Heinz 3h 2. A 2 1.0~1.5ml EDTANa 2 Hb F 1~2ml EDTANa 2 ACD mol/L PH ph ph Hb F 0.5~1.0mlEDTA.Na 2 ACD

25 % V/V 2. Hb 2ml mlHb 375min 40min ph b 70~130g/L 100g/L 3. b et b 4. Hb F b 20g/L 0.5~1.0mlEDTA.Na 2 ACD mol/L Tris PH mol/L Tris-HCl 2. ADP 3. 5mmol/L NADH 4. LDH 600u/ml 5. 30mmol/L (PEP) PK PK 1~1.5ml 1 0.2g/100ml 2 1%H 2 O %

26 Hb 0.5~1.0ml 1 ph %H 2 O 2 4 4mol/LH 2 SO mol/L ph mmol/L 7 ph4.7 PH ml min 1

27 :1 2 10:1 3 20:1 4 50:1 5300: ul1ml ul 1.5 3cm /2 50%

28 1379 Auen 4 1/ % Mayer Pereira g/L %H 2 O % 2. B 3. 4.

29 ACP Gomori ph g/L 4. Schiff 5. PAS 1. 15~20min 2. 8

30 g/L

31 :

35 cm

36 DNA G C 30 39mol 27 DNA G C 34 46mol% 12 PYP DNA G C 37 45mol 10 DNA G C mol% 4 DNA G C mol 16 9

37 1388 DNA G C 37 44mol DNA G C 51 59mol% 7 DNA G C 36 38mol DNA G C 38 51mol% 9 6.0% NaCL O/129 DNA G C57 63mol 1 1 5

38 DNA G C51mol rrna rrna DNA DNA 3 DNA CDC Vb-3 3 DNA 2 rrna DNA DNA 5 rrna DNA DNA 3 rrna DNA DNA 2 rrna DNA DNA CDC 1 DNA G C50 70mol 6 DNA G C mol 7 DNA G C% mol DNA G C56 70mol 8 4 DNA G C31 42mol%

39 DNA G C 50 51mol DNA G C 44 45mol 27 35mol% 7 4 DNA G C 36 43mol 26 7 DNA G C 40 55mol DNA G C 26 34mol 19 10% DNA G C 22 55mol% K-B M H 3. 4.

40 M H TTC ATB

41 D'Antoni 4.

42 ELISA ~

43 /630nm 1 HB S Ag HB S HBeAg C.O =A N 2.1A A S/C.O 1 HBsAg HBs HBeAg S/N 2.1 A S/C.O 1 HBsAg HBs HBeAg S/N HBe HB C C.O =A N 0.5 A S/C.O 1 HBe HB C S/N 0.50 A S/C.O 1 HBe HB C S/N 0.50 ELISA HBV HBV HBV HBsAg ELISA HBV HBV 1 A A C.O = 2.8 A >0.08 A >0.08 A < A S/C.O 1 A S/C.O<1 ELISA

44 1395 HBV HBV ~8 1 1 HDAg 2 HD 2 450nm A 1 HDAg A A HD1/2 A +A ELISA HBV HBV 1C.O =A A S/C.O 1 3 A S/C.O<1 A ELISA HBV HBV 1 450nm A 2=0.15+ A 3 A

45 1396 ELISA 1ELISA 2 1 HIV 2 TORCH TO R C H I TORCH ELISA IgM IgG IgM IgG IgM IgGIgM IgG

46 ml 70 /m120.0g/l 5u1( ) O 1 80 H OIgM H IgG 1 A S O 102min10 2min A B Ba C D~K L 1 L 2 L 3 ELISA ELISA 1 ELISA 450nm

47 1398 RPR ~++++ RPR 1:2~1:32 123~ ~ TRUST RPR 100 ~++++ 1:2 1:4~1:32

48 1399 1:40 1:80 1:5 1:10 1TPPA TPHA TPPA 2 USR RPR TRUST TPHA TPPA VDRL FTA-ABS FTA-ABS TPHA TPPA VDRL USR RPR TRUST FTA-ABS TPHA TPPA ELISA nm AFP AFP ELISA AFP AFP ELISA CEA EIA 1 2 CEA ug/l CEA CEA ug/l

49 1400 CEA EB EB VCA MAEA EBNA EBV-IgA VCA EBVCA-IgA EBV-IgA 1 2 EB VCA IgA 3 4 Ig PEG Ig Ig 495nm 1 Ig 2 RF RF ELISA

50 RF 4~10 3 RF IgM RFRF IgG IgA 540nm nm 8,2~848

51 nm 420nm BIO RED Hb GHb GHb Hb 415nm 500mg/L 530nm 604nmTritonX 100 Tween 80

52 GOD505nm 2 HK340nm 3 O TB630nm 4 GDH340nm 1 GOD O~TB 2 3 GOD HK 1 4~8 2 GOD HK O~TB 4~8 3 24h O TB GOD ~300ml 3 0.5h 1h 2h 3h nm 2530nm ~ ~ 2

53 mmo1/L ISE 10mmo1/L K + Na + CL 460nm

54 EDTA 2 575nm 3 610nm 4 ISE ISE ISE ISE ISE ph, ph ph nm nm nm 340nm 380nm A340 A nm 2 Calmagi te 510nm

55 nm PCO 2 PO 2 ph 4~8 2 Urea Hb Reitman 0.015A 505nm ALT AST ALT AST 1.2A 5u/L 340nm

56 NPP 4NP98% 2 4-NPP 311nm 10mmo1/L NaOH 25 = L.mol 1 cm NP 0.3mmo1/ mo1 4-NPP 4 10mmo1/ mo1 4-NPP 4~8 450nm 510nm ALP EDTA Na 2 595nm ACP 1~2h 50% ml 5mo1/L 50ul PH 5.4 4~8 7 1 LD L 2 LD P

57 1408 I 4 8LD~L 6 LD~P 340nm 440nm LD 2~3 LD 4 LD 5 340nm 540nm. 4h 4~8 12h 2~3 CK 340nm

58 nm -HBD 2h 4a-HBD 7 A/min 0.08(), PH7.4 L L L nm GGT EDTA.Na 2 1 Hb 2 6PGD 3 G-6-PD+6PGD 6~ 4 G-6-PD u/ghb

59 mmo1/L 410nm 540nm ChE 30 2h 8h 2~848h PH nm Maltotetraose 340nm 4NP~G 7 405nm 8 2~848 EDTA.Na 2 20 CK

60 CK-MB 340nm OCV 6% RCV 12% CK LD 1 2 LD1 340nm CK~MB LD J~G Cm, 453nm nm. TBIL DBIL umo1/l 8h 2~848h

61 1412 BOD BOD 2~ nm J G DMSO 560nm 340nm EDTA.Na 2 EDTA.Na 2 2~42~3h -2024h ~ 560nm mmo1/l

62 nm mmo1/l 540nm 1 50 mmo1/l WHO mmo1/l mmo1/l BUN 510nm Cr umo1/l 2~4 510nm 20~50 660nm

63 1414 umo1/l 3 520nm 1-2 TG EDTA.Na 2 EDTA.Na 2 4 3h 30~ CHOD~PAP 500nm 520nm TC Chol Chol CV 1.5% CV 2.5% TC5.2mmo1/L(200mg/dl) A 500nm 0.30~0.35 A 500nm=0.005 TC 0.08mmo1/L(3mg/dL) 1:100 13mmo1/L(500ng/dL)

64 1415 GPO~PAP 500nm TG FG FG 20~251 43~7 A500nm min11.3mmo1/L(100mg/dL) CV 3% CV 5%2mmo1/L TG A 500nm 0.2 TG 1apoB 2 HDL TC HDL HDL3 TC 1apoB HDL 2apoB HDL2 HDL3 3HDL~C HDL3~CTC HDL2~C HDL~C

65 1416 TC HDL 1 Friedwald 1 LDL-C=TC HDL-C TG/5 mg/dl 2 LDL-C=TC HDL-C TG/2.2 ( mmo1/l ) 3TG 4.52mmo/L 4 TC TG HDL-C LDL-C 2 TC 1 TC 2 LDL HDL C VLDL C TC 3LDL C 340nmCV 5% 2~ nm 340nmCV 5% 2~ apoa1

66 nm HCO - 3 mmo1/l CO 2 K + Na + CL K + Na + CL 2h 1 HCG 2 3BS Urea K Na Cl Ca CO2-CP TCO2 4 3P PTFP 5 AMS ChECK CK~MB LD CTnI 6

碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 血清 30-123U/L 增高 : 肝胆疾病 : 阻塞性黄疸急性或慢性黄疸性肝炎肝癌等 ALP 与转氨酶同时检测有助于黄疸的鉴别阻塞性黄疸,ALP 显著升高, 而转氨酶仅

碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 血清 30-123U/L 增高 : 肝胆疾病 : 阻塞性黄疸急性或慢性黄疸性肝炎肝癌等 ALP 与转氨酶同时检测有助于黄疸的鉴别阻塞性黄疸,ALP 显著升高, 而转氨酶仅临床生化常见主要检验项目生化分析仪在进行临床生化检验时, 主要用于检验血清中生化物质的含量和酶活性, 通常可用于以下常规项目的检验 : 1). 肝功白蛋白 (ALB) 总蛋白 (TP) 碱性磷酸酶 (ALP/AKP), 谷丙转氨酶 (ALT/GPT), 谷