Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan 56(2): , 2009

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1 Census of Marine Life のデータベース OBIS 誌名日本プランクトン学会報 ISSN 著者巻 / 号白山, 義久藤倉, 克則 56 巻 2 号掲載ページ p 発行年月 2009 年 8 月農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局筑波産学連携支援センター Tsukuba Business-Academia Cooperation Support Center, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat

2 Census of Marine Life 155 predatory fish communities. Nature 423: Pauly, D., V. Christensen, D. Johannes, F. Rainer & T. Francisco Jr Fishing down marine food webs. Science 279: Roman, J. & S. R. Palumbi Whales before whaling in the North Atlantic. Science 301: Worm, B., E. B. Barbier, N. Beaumont, J. E. Du#y, C. Folke, B. S. Halpern, J. B. C. Jackson, H. K. Lotze, G. Micheli, S. R. Palumbi, E. Sala, K. A. Selkoe, J. J. Stachowicz & R. Watson Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science 314: Census of Marine Life OBIS 1) 2) 1) ) OBIS: the database of the Census of Marine Life project YDH=>=>H6 S=>G6N6B6 1) 6C9 K6IHJCDG> FJ?>@JG6 2) 1) Seto Marine Biological Laboratory Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, 459Shirahama , Japan 2) Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2 15 Natsushima, Yokosuka , Japan Corresponding author. meiobenthos2007@yahoo.co.jp Abstract OBIS was established by the Census of Marine Life program ( It is an evolving strategic alliance of people and organizations sharing a vision to make marine biogeographic data, from all over the world, freely available over the World Wide Web. It is not a project or program, and is not limited to data from CoML-related projects. Any organization, consortium, project or individual may contribute to OBIS. OBIS provides, on an open access basis through the World Wide Web: taxonomically and geographically resolved data on marine life and the ocean environment; interoperability with similar databases; software tools for data exploration and analysis. OBIS was one of the earliest Associate Members of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility ( org) which publishes data on all species. OBIS is a very active participant in GBIF activities, and one of the largest publishers of data to GBIF, reflecting its role as a specialist network for marine species. GBIF recommends that marine data are first published through OBIS, because OBIS can add special value (e.g. depth) and will manage the subsequent publication of data through GBIF. This also avoids duplication of data being separately published to GBIF and OBIS. All data obtained through field projects of Census of Marine Life are stored in OBIS. So far, OBIS has 19.1 million records of species from 643 databases. To utilize these data, OBIS provides tools that help using these huge data. For example, mapping of records of selected species can be done easily. This helps greatly for preparing national report of biodiversity for UN Convention of Biodiversity (CBD). Also these tools will be utilized by CBD itself for drafting Global Biodiversity Outlook. OBIS has central facility at Rutgers University in USA. In addition, however, OBIS has Regional OBIS Nodes (RON). Regional OBIS Nodes (RONs) are organizations that have committed to a continued support of OBIS within a geographic and/or national region using resources they have obtained. This will include serving data online and developing a data provider and end-user community. Some RON will provide tools, di#erent language versions of the OBIS website, and/or provide mirror sites for the OBIS portal. OBIS itself was adopted as biological part of IODE in the IOC recently. In JAMSTEC, a new database was established recently as Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL). It is important for Japanese community to develop this database with more information. We also expect this database will be Japanese RON of OBIS in the near future. Key words: Database, Biogeography, Biodiversity, GBIF, Census of Marine Life

3 (2009) 1. OBIS (Ocean Biogeographic Information System) 2. OBIS OBIS Census of Marine Life (CoML) OBIS CoML (Fig. 1) OBIS GBIF (The Global Biodiversity Information Facility: Darwin Core OBIS Schema 70 1 Institution Code JAMSTEC Collection Code Catalog Number ID 6 3. OBIS OBIS (Fig. 2) OBIS Schema KGSMapper ACON mapper Barcode of Life, GenBank, Catalogue of Life,ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System), Google Images, Google Scholar OBIS OBIS 4. OBIS OBIS OBIS (JODC) NaGISA, CoMARGE CoML OBIS Fig. 2 OBIS OBIS 2 1) 2) OBIS 1) 2) Darwin Core OBIS Darwin Core GBIF JODC JABIC Darwin Core 5. OBIS

Census of Marine Life 157 Fig. 1 Distribution of all data points stored in OBIS.

scale information. Fig. 2. Distribution map of Pacific Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus orientalis).

Home page of newly established database, namely the Biological Information System for Marine

4 Census of Marine Life 157 Fig. 1 Distribution of all data points stored in OBIS. The geographical coverage of this database is extensive enough to consider it has global scale information. Fig. 2. Distribution map of Pacific Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus orientalis). OBIS data of this species is locally biased, and few data exists around Japan. Fig. 3. Home page of newly established database, namely the Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL). It stores huge data of movie clips collected through dives of submersibles and ROVs belonging to JAMSTEC.

5 (2009) JAMSTEC Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) ( bismal/searchspecies.jsf) JAMSTEC (Fig. 3) Darwin Core BISMaL OBIS GBIF GBIF GBIF JST 6. OBIS CoML 2010 OBIS OBIS IODE (International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange) IOC (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission) IOC OBIS IOC OBIS Future perspective of zooplankton database RNJ?> J. M68=>96 Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Minamidai, Nakano-ku, Tokyo , Japan ryuji@ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp Abstract Alarge number of biological information databases have been recently constructed. Two factors could be considered primary causes for the increase. First, there is demand for estimation of the impact of climate change on organisms. Second, recent advances in information technology have made data sharing widely available. One possible use of this biological information is through integration of these data with earth observation systems. Physical, chemical, and meteorological data have been e#ectively integrated into earth observation systems, but relatively little biological information is available in these systems. Integration of biological data would enable better assessment of the e#ects of climate change and environment problems on organisms. In the present study, I discuss the promise and pitfalls of biological information databases, and make several recommendations for future data collections. Key words: metadata, Darwin Core, ABCD

Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan 56(2): , 2009

Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan 56(2): , 2009 自然史系博物館の GBIF への貢献誌名日本プランクトン学会報 ISSN 03878961 著者巻 / 号松浦, 啓一 56 巻 2 号掲載ページ p. 169-173 発行年月 2009 年 8 月農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局筑波産学連携支援センター Tsukuba Business-Academia Cooperation Support Center, Agriculture,