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1 castor_v_pollux Niels Bohr Heinrich Rudolf Hertz 30 Hermannvon Helmholtz

2 Carl Benz LC Maxwell 8 Michael Faraday 30/

3 Guglielmo MarconiAleksandr Popov 1887 Empedocles Aphrodite

4 Lucretius 1000 al-haytham EuclidCatoptrica PtolemyJohannes Kepler W. Snell1621 Pierrede Fermat Des Cartes Francesco MariaGrimaldi

5 Aether 17 ******** Aether Α Η Θ Η Ρ Ether Ethernet RobertBoyle 1663

6 RobertHooke 1665Micrographia impressive Christiaan Huygens (E. Bartholinus) 1690Traitedela Lumiere

7 1704 Opticks 1695 ********* my supposition is that the Attractional ways is in a duplicate proportion to the distance from the center reciprocal 30

8 Milverton Thomas Young /360001/

9 20 Etienne Louis Malus J.B. Biot Pierre Simonde La places.d. Poission Augustin Fresnel31 François Arago Grand Prix Foucault

10 100 30/ ********* Dominique François Jean Arago

11 X Γ Ludwig Boltzmann Roger PenroseThe Emperors New Mind Superb Rudolph Clausius J.D. Vander WaalsJosiah Willard Gibbs 19

12 Wilhelm Konrad RontgenX 1896Antoine Herni Becquerel 1897Marie Curie 1897J.J.Joseph John Thomson 1899Ernest Rutherford

13 Royal Institution, Albemarle Street Sir Humphry Davy Lord Kelvin 1976 The beauty and clearness of the dynamical theory, which asserts heat and light to be modes of motion, is at present obscured by two clouds George FitzGerald Hendrik Antoon Lorentz

14 6 ********* AL Laroisier 1774

15 1882J.W.S Rayleigh William Ramsay Ar 1896Antoine Herni BecquerelX X X

16 19 Samuel Pierpont Langley Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Josef Stefan1980 Wilhelm Wien 1887Physikalisch Technische ReichsanstaltPTR 1893 u = b( Λ^-5)(e^-a/ ΛT) Λ^-5e^-a/ ΛT Λ-5e-a/ ΛTu ΛTa,b F.Paschen PTR Otto Richard LummerErnst Pringsheim K PTRHeinrich Rubens

17 Ferdinand Kurlbaum 19PTR ut J.H.Jeans u = 8 Π( Τ^2)kT / c^3 -Rayleigh-Jeans Τk c ut - Λ0 Τ - - Dilemma 20

18 Max Carl Ernst Ludwig Planck1858Kiel 1867 Philipp von Jolly ut Heinrich Rubens

19 Bingo Moment 1019Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft 6 Letter to R. W. Wood, *********

20 1718 Daniel Bernoulli J.R.d'AlembertAndre Marie Ampere Nicolas Carnot 19 Friedrich Wohler until after some weeks of the most intense work of my life clearness began to dawn upon me, and an unexpected view revealed itself in the distance

21 200 A BC /2293/429 9/ penny NUnUn

22 die Wahrscheinlichkeit zu finden, dass die N Resonatoren ingesamt Schwingungsenergie Un besitzen, Un nicht als eine unbeschränkt teilbare, sondern al seine ganzen Zahl von endlichen gleichen Teilen aufzufassen Energieelement Elementarquantumquantum quantus 11/2 11/ ^-27* ^-34* h ********* Parmenides Zeno 10

23 /

24 h 1915 Hercules Albert Einstein ETH Minkowski

25 15 Niels Bohr conclusion In conclusion, I would like to mention uranium Erwin Schrodinger Akademisches Gymnasium Arthur SchnitzlerStefanie Zweig 83 Max Born Louis de Broglie8 Wolfgang Ernst Pauli8 middle nameernst Ernst Mach 12Wurzberg Werner Karl Heisenberg Enrico Fermi20 Paul Dirac ()

26 The Photo electric Effect

27

28 1905 Mileva Marec AnnalenderPhysik A Heuristic Interpretation of the Radiation and Transformation of Light h E=h Ν Eh Ν ^15h6.610^ ^-19

29 E=h Ν energyquanta lightquanta1926g.n.lewis photon E=h Ν /2mv^2=h Ν CP 1/2mv^2h Ν P

30 ********* annusmirabilis E=mc

31 C.Habicht R.A.Millikan 1923A.H.Compton XX X

32 X h Ν E=h ΝE Ν over X

33 1911 J.J. JosephJohnThomson J.J. J.J. J.J. project ErnestRutherford J.J J.J Α Α 90 Α Α 1911

34 Α ********* PaulDirac1933 J.J.

35 31 JamesChadwick 1935 PatrickM.S.Blackett E.T.SWaltonJohnCockcroft 1951 Frederick Soddy1921Georgvon Hevesy1943 Otto Hahn1944Cecil Frank Powell1950Hans Bethe1967 P.L. Kapitsa1978 case10 Hans Geiger Henry Mosley Ernest Marsden Α

36 h 1913Hans Marius Hansen Ion JohannBalmer ΝR1/2^2-1/n^2 RRydbergn2345 n2n 343.5

37 E=h Ν J.Stark J.W. Nicholson 1001/ /3 1/ /2 E=h Ν Acknowledgements E=mc2 E=h Ν E=mc2 Eh Ν

38 W3W1 W3-W1W3-W1=h Ν Ν On the Constitution of Atoms and MoleculesSystems Containing Only a Single NucleusSystems Containing Several Nuclei Philosophical Magazine () - J.J. W2- W1=h Ν Ν ΝR 1/2^2-1/n^2R Pickeringlineseries

39 X A.Sommerfeld E1E2E1E2 E2 E1E2-E1 ΝE2-E1=h Ν E2 E1E2E

40 wing 1922 h 1918

41 ********* 99 William Blake To see a world in a grain of sand.* And a heaven in a wildflower* Hold infinity in the palm of your hand* And eternity in an hour* 10^17 10^30 10^30 Fractal Universe

42 1/2 LandeKramers Werner HeisenbergErwin Schrodinger 13

43 Georgvon HevesyOtto Frisch NevillMottLevD. Landau)George Gamov Prince Louis Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie Prince ViscountBaron FrancisII LouisPhilippe Duc Duke Mauricede Broglie

44 1960 ducde Broglie Jacques Victo Albert,ducde Broglie Histoiredel'gliseetdel'empireromain Paul Langevin me=mc^2 E=h Ν mc^2=e=h Ν Ν=mc^2/h

45 v0c^2/v0 c^2/v0 phasewave Λ=(c^2/v0)/(mc^2/h)=h/mv C.J.Davisson L.H.Germer nickel XX X

46 1927G.P.J.J GPJJ ********* JJ GP IreneJoliot-Curie1935 HenryR.Labouisse1965 UNICEF 1915William Henry BraggWilliam Lawrence BraggX 1922 AageBohr1975 KarlSiegbahn KaiSiegbahn C.T.R.Wilson1911

47 Hey Α 1924 KramersSlater BSK WernerHeisenberg

48 1901W rzburg9 MaximiliansGymnasium 1919 FerdinandvonLindemann ********* IfIhaveseenfurtheritisbystandingonyeshouldersofGiants 12BernardofChartres Nosessequasinanosgigantiumhumerisinsidientes 1676

49 JosephSpence Rockefeller IEB IEB King

50 Kramers SlaterBKSBKS virtualoscillator BKS BKS19254 BKS torturebks BKS

51 fans Matrix MatrixEnigma Matrix MatLab MM Matrix 2*22* *

52 E1-E2=h Ν ABCDE 2 AB1BC0.5C D1DE2B E0.512=3.5DA 10.51=2.5 A 0B1C1.5D2.5E 4.5 A0 B1 C1.5 D2.5 E4.5

53 CDC 1.5D2.5 CD1 ABCDE A B C D E AA CCAC 1.5 ABBAAB1 BA1.5 BA CD p q pqpq

54 IIIIII AB II AB A12 B31 IIII AB A13 B41 I1 IAA1 11 I2IAB2 BABA 3II IIIIII boysandgirls *********

55 II IIIII22II ab 3141cd abcdiii IIIIIIaa AA aiaiia III a a IAIIA IA BBIIBA AIAII a IAB IAB 22BII AII4 248AI IIAA 111a a24119

56 bbiiiab AIAII B1I3II 133IAB2I BII1II21 1b13215 cdc31147d III 1312ab 4131cd a IIIAII I11IIBB IA339a a10 a9 a24119 aaa IIAAII1I AAI1111 IIABII3BIB AII3339a1910 a18 9 IIIIII 95 III

57 III79 IIIIII IIIIII IIIIII FmaFam 1925 Helgoland thisisthemoment *********

58 IIIIII 1858 ArthurCayleydeterminant Cayley One,Two,ThreeInfinity ZeitschriftfurPhysik, PascualJordan, 101 ZurQuantenmechanik pq pqq p pqqp pqqp=(h/2 Πi)I

59 hi-1i II II Dreimannerarbeit RalphLaerKronig pqqp 1925 PaulAdrienMauriceDirac geeky

60 P.L.Kapitsa WilliamAlfredFowler pqqp ********* ErnstPascualJordan III

61 pqqp qq q cc xy-yx [x,y] cq q 3 1/ RalphKronig

62 1925 GeorgeEugeneUhlenbeckSomulAbrahamGoudsmit PaulEhrenfest 10 Nature / Leiden Stern

63 ErwinSchrodinger Arosa AnnemarieBertel

64 - Χ Χ[8( Π^2)m/h^2](E-V) Χ=0 20 hev -e^2/r E sin(x)0x0 Π2 Π,n Π sin(x)n En Eigenfunction Eigenvalue

65 MistMist bullshitcrap

66 Χpsai Χ Utrecht 9

67 300 ********* MatthewWellsSchrodinger sgirfriendfortmasoncenter MichaelFrayn WalterMoore HermannWeyl - - HildeMarch OL

68 tohaveandtohold,insicknessandinhealth,tilldeathpartsus 41 Alpbach 1926 Χpsai Χ Fam F=ma FFmaF Χ

69 Χ Χ Χ Χ Χ Χ Χ

70 300

71 Χ Χ, Χ Χ

72 19Pierre Simon de Laplace air ball determinism t

73 Hier erhebt sich der ganze Problematik des Determinismus. 20 ********* Sir James Lighthill

74 We are all deeply conscious today that the enthusiasm of our forebears for the marvelous achievements of Newtonian mechanics led them to make generalizations in this area of predictability which, indeed, we may have generally tended to believe before 1960, but which we now recognize were false. We collectively wish to apologize for having misled the general educated public by spreading ideas about the determinism of systems satisfying Newton's laws of motion that, after 1960,were to be proved incorrect. metaphysics metaquantum Ian Stewart ^-2310^- 30?

75 90 10 Χ

76 Χ Χ Hevesy 1926 OskarKlein

77 BKS

78 19272 forgethim Faelled pqqp pqqp

79 IIIIIIpqpq pqqppqqp pqqp pq pqqppq pqpqqp t105/ t 105/ pq>h/2 Π

80 pqpqhpq pp qq qp p100p=0q pq pqq ppq pq Uncertainty Principle ********* pq pq

81 Gedanken-experiment X Γ Γ E=h Ν 300 pq

82 h2 Πh ^-34pq10^-17 10^-17 10^-23 10^ pq EtEt te Et>h/2 Π tet t E

83 ********* MIT AlanGuth Inflation 1998

84 Λ=h/mvmvpp=h/ Λp E-tE=h Ν Ν 300

85 - - shining

86 ComplementaryPrinciple

87 Χ Χ H H

88 KarlSagan

89 pq pq pqpq pq ********* pq - pq Occam'sRazor 14

90 pq1pq Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber (Spontaneous Localization)Griffiths-Omns-GellMann-Hartle (Decoherent Histories, or Consistent Histories) ()

91 (being) x = h/pp=h h h 100%0 10

92 (collapse) () ( )--

93 (Alessandro Volta) (volt) () case S.N D.M. Nature

94 (Rosenfeld)? (Eugene Wigner)() ABBCCD 1924 ********* () -

95 % ( ) -- (Otto Hahn) (Fritz Strassmann) (1914)(Bothe1954 )()(Karl von Weizsacker)(Erich Bagge)(Kurt Diebner)(Walther Gerlach) (Karl Wirtz) (Albert Speer) Ernest Solvay

96 ( -photon1926)?x (pivot wave) () and so on and so on - IIII II / ()

97 (ob der liebe Gott wrfelt) ()

98 ********* () ( ) (Urfeld) (Farm Hall) (* %235) () ()

99 ALSOS Nature Kaempffert ALSOS(Schuman) (Hydra) -- t mme=mc^2 E

100 EtEt > h/2 () () mm q q TT>h/mc^2E= mc^2te > h m T me T

101 ?(Pandemonium)?(Abraham Pais)1925 ********* () --

102 (critical mass) Robert Jungk (Brighter Than a Thousand Sunds1956) 1967David Irving(The German Atomic Bomb) Irving

103 Margaret Gowing () (Physics and Beyond) (Boris Podolsky)(Nathan Rosen)19353(Physics Review)

104 AB / 50% A B AB A B A A AB A B t AB AB EPR EPR ----

105 AB EPR 1962 EPR EPR ********* () 1976Jones (Most Secret War:British Scientific Intelligentce) Mark Walker (German National Socialism and the Quest for Nubclear Power1989)Walker Hofstra?(David Cassidy) 1993Thomas Powers (Heisenbergs War)Powers 607

106 Powers 1992Farm Hall 1992Farm Hall Transcript Powers Michael Frayn 1941 Michael FraynPowers () 17

107 Michael FraynPowers Farm Hall Transcript () EPR 1935(Die gegenwartige Situation in der Quantenmechanik) 5 / / / /

108 EPR (George Berkeley)(Esse Est Percipi)? (diabolischediabolicaldiablo) /

109 / GarfieldTom (Tears for Fears) 80 ********* () (Evening Standard) 1941 PBS Thomas Powers Farm Hall TranscriptPowers CassidyNature (Nature V363)Science (Science V259)Paul Forman () 3/5Powers1/5 1/5 1998Paul Rose Powers (entirely bogus)(fantasy)(scholarly disaster)(elephantine) OK

110 () ******** e7ecatdog.jpg?(john Von Neumann)

111 / BAA B (infinite regression) game over (Consciousness) / /

112 ?(Eugene Wigner) ( ) ()AND() (Remarks on the mind-body question)1967 (Peter Coveney)(Roger Highfield)(The arrow of time)

113 ********* () 2352^80(1 )80() ( 1939) Farm Hall () ( ) (235 ) 9BBC 54 () ( ) (John B.Watson) (B.F.Skinner)

114 () () (Holism) ABC

115 YES (no cloning theorem1982wootters ZurekDieks) cut pastecopy paste VCDLDDVD VCDMatrix MatrixRGB CMYHSIYUVYIQ Huffman 01 VCD??(Alan Turin)

116 1950 () () 10 ( )( ) ( ) (Francis Crick)( )

117 ? (Roger Penrose)(The Emperors New Mind) ********* ?(John Wheeler) (delayed choice experiment) ()

118 -- ( )() 5?(Carroll O Alley) () (The Prticipatory Universe) (anthropic principle) 10^55 (300) 10^30

119 1/ (self-exciting)?(john Bell)?(Henry Stapp)1993 (Mind, Matter, and Quantum Mechanics) ( 2003(Dick J. Bierman) ********* () 200

120 () () (Paul Rose) 2000(Jeremy Bernstein) (50) 1941() ( Robert Jungk () Jungk Cassidy2000Physics Today ()Cassidy () Klaus Gottstein -- RiceDuckTexas Sudarshan10%

121 () *********** Field GilbertNiels Bohr: A Centenary Volume(Harvard 1985),p ccdragon1.jpg (Kurt Gottfried) () /

122 nothing to lose / (Many Worlds InterpretationMWI) MWI (Hugh Everett IIIHugh Everett ) Aage Peterson 1954 (-Everettism) (splitting)

123 (Parallel Universes) MWI (Bryce S. DeWitt) MWI 100 MWI () 225 () Lambda 2070 MWI 1982

124 MWI MWI(Tegmark1998) xy (x, y)(1, 2) (4.3, 5.4)xy 2 3(1, 2, 3)33 4(1, 2, 3, 4) 44n nnn n t (q1, q2, q3)p p3 p1p2p33 t t12 12 n 6n 6n() 6n

125 MWI a + b a^2+b^2=1ab2 1 + U () a +b U RR MWI R U MWI nn MWI

126 (1, 2) x1y2abaxb yax 1By2AB AB ( ) ABxyxy ABBA (coherent)b A() (n)

127 (decoherence) (a + b ) (AND) (a + b ) () Jabberwocky MWI

128 R () MWI MWI t RU (* MWI (World)(Universe) (Multiverse) David Deutsch ) MWI () MWI MWI ()MWI 1969 (Murray Gell-Mann) (consistent history) MWI MWI(Stein)(Kent)

129 (Karl Popper) () () MWI (Dieter Zeh)(Wojciech H Zurek) (decoherence) MWI MWI (Desity Matrix) () MWIMWI size

130 (1994) () alternatives MWI ********* F=ma ( ) () ( )

131 (Carl G Hempel) () 80Hans MoravecBruno Marchal1998Max TegmarkMWI MWI 50%50% ( ) () ( )

132 ( ) (n1/2^n) n () n 100% 100% MWI 100% Tegmark 0 MWI % (quantum immortality) MWI () Tegmark

133 MWI MWI ( ) MWI % Shikhovtsev () (Liz) ( ) () () 1977 (David Deutsch) 20 PC

134 1946ENIAC Konrad Zuse1941Z3ABC(Atanasoff-Berry Computer)Collosus PC (Alan Turing) (The Turing Machine) () (bit binary digit)10104bits8bits1byte 1024bytes1K1024K=1M1024M1G 1bit01 10bits10 2( )01 bit ( )

135 01( ) 01 bit (qubit)10bits 10bit01 2^ bits110 2^ Bennett Benioff1982 (Richard Feynman) 1985 (universal machine) ( ) (Boolean Logic Gate)ANDORNOTXOR (Deterministic Turing Machine, DTM) (NDTM) (complexity) 10bits2^10

136 15 15= (The Fabric of Reality) 3 (GNFS) (n n^k) 18 RSA 1994 (Peter Shor)( ) ^ (Lov Grover) n n/2 ndes RSADES 2001IBM (quantum cryptography)

137 25010^500 MWI10^500 10^80 ( )MWI 10^500 ()10^500 10^500 n AB AB (path integral)

138 1927 (Hidden Variable Theory)

139 ()X XY <X+Y><X><Y> HH H <X+YH><XH><YH> HH HH H =7ABCABC ABC ABCA12BC 1ABC (David Bohm) ( ) David Mermin

140 ********* () 2000( ) 4 (412 34) 180 (N. Lobatchevsky) n 20

141 (quantum potential) (Locality) (John Stewart Bell) 11

142 16 20 (AERE) (CERN) EPR EPR8-4 EPR EPRAB AB AB () ( )AB A()B (-) AB AB-100% (AB-)(correlation)100%1 ABAB -1BAAB (AB-)-1

143 (AB)1BAA BA0 EPR (AB-)(A-B)1 xay B 333 xyz 38( 8) x y z A8AB8 ABA(-)B(-- )AB H1-8 N1N2N8 Ax Ay Az Bx By Bz N N N N N N N7

144 N8 Axy zb3- N18N1N2N81 x (AxBx-) xab-ab- (AxBx-) xaba-b-(ax Bx-) 4AxBx-4Ax Bx-8N1N2N8 1(AxBx-)1 (AxBx)8 -N1-N2--N8-1 AxBy AxByAxBy Pxy Pxy-N1-N2N3N4N5N6-N7-N8 PxzAxBz Pxz-N1N2-N3N4N5-N6N7-N8 PzyAzBy Pzy-N1N2N3-N4-N5N6N7-N8 PxzPzy Pxz-Pzy -2N32N42N5-2N6 2 N3N4-N5-N6 x-y x y Pxz-Pzy 2 N3N4-N5-N6 2( N3N4 N5N6 ) 2( N3N4 N5N6 )2(N3N4N5N6) N1N2...+N811 2(N3N4N5N6)1(-N1-N2N3N4N5N6-N7-N8) Pxy

145 Pxz-Pzy 1Pxy ( ) Pxz-Pzy 1Pxy PxyAxBy ( ) AB EPR ab AB EPR A A BBA 1ABBAA B100%100%

146 A B( )AB BABA AB AB Bonnie&Clyde ( )(entanglement) (inseparability) EPR ()EPR 1964(Physics) EPR(On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox) (Brian D. Josephson) (Henry Stapp) (the most profound discovery in science) (Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge 1987) (Reviews of Modern Physics)1966 EPR

147 (1-7) ********* 40 50(McCarthyism) (Joseph McCarthy) (Un-American Activities Committee) Birkbeck 2000

148 (Edward Teller)( ) () () (SDI Defence)(2003) ClauserEPR EPR -EPR 80(Institut doptique Thorique et Applique, Orsay Cdex)EPR (Alain Aspect) 12 40(ns) ( ) 10ns

149 (Physics Review Letters) EPR Malvern4 () 10ns

150 (Innsbruck) GreenbergerHorneZeilinger () GHZ() 2000BouwmeesterDaniellNature RoweBe+2003Pittman FransonHasegawa () EPR 1982() ()

151 () ( )( )(local realism) () EPR ( ) () MWI(local) Stapp(DeutschTegmarkZeh) (ZehFound. of Physics Letters p22) MWI MWI () ( ) () EPR

152 BBC (Julian Brown) (Paul DaviesMacquarie ) (The Ghost in the Atom) (Rudolf Peierls) ( ) MWI (Basil Hiley) (John Taylor) (the ensemble interpretation)

153 John Gribbin (In Search of Schrodingers Cat) 10(Schrodingers Kittens and the Search for Reality)MWI Edward Nelson ( ) ( ) ********* EPR () 100% ( ) (teleportation)

154 2000KuzmichNature(Nature V406) c^2/v (individual) (ensemble)(the ensemble interpretation) John Taylor McGillB. C. Sanctuary () (Max Jammer)

155 MWI 1/SQRT(2) [ ] (1/SQRT(2)21 1) () 50%50% 50%50% John Taylor

156 thats all ( ) () Taylor ( )

157 GhirardiRiminiWeber19867 GRW 70Philip Pearle (Unified dynamics for microscopic and macroscopic systems)grwgrw (stochastic) ( ) 10^1610 (spontaneous localization)grw 10^27 Ghirardi 101(10^23)0.1

158 / GRW E.Joos GRWGRW GRW () GRW ()( ) () GRW() BKS () GRW Roland OmnesGhirardi

159 () () GRW () GRW Zeilinger(GHZ)2000 Nature100 OKGRW GRW GRW GRW GRW (Decoherent Histories) 1953 (Murray Gell-Mann)

160 1954 (James B Hartle) ZurekZeh (Robert Griffiths) (DH) MWI (History) t0t1t2 tntk Ak nk (k)ak(ak1:02:13:3 ) 1:2 2:3 1:1 4:1 2:0 0:0 1:3 ( ) 1:010%1:2 20%

161 abpapbab PaPb2 P(2:0)P(3:1) P(4:2) D () () D()D() 0 1:0 2:01:0 10%2:015%1:02:025% 1:0 2:0 Ak 1:02:12:03:1 (finegrained history)(coarse-grained history) 330% 40% % () 1:00:0 1:01:12:01:1

162 (path integral) AB () 1:02: n m m

163 (Roland Omns) (DH) () ( ) 50%50% (maximally fine-grained histories) 1:02:0 (a decoherent family of histories) (consistent histories)dh (many histories) () (consistency condition) / / 10^27 n 1:02:02:1

164 0 DH DH DH DH GRW GianCarlo GhirardiDH 5Ghirardi DH DH (family) 4 1:02:12:03:0 2:02:12:2 2:3 1:0 1:0

165 DH DH 1:0 DH(reasoning) 1:0( 122) (single family rule) DH DH DH (4) DH DH 100 ********* 431 3

166 t0 tn -tntn-tn DH t0 tn DH DH DH (quantum Zeno effect) snapshot ()

167 GRW6 ()(manyminds intepretation) () 01 (John G Cramer)(The transactional model) (Theseus) (Ariadne) 1997(UMBC) (GRW) ( GRW)42(MWI)(DH)( )3050 MWI 58%18%

168 80 Zeilinger (quantum field theory) () 20Emc^2 (Carl Anderson) (Julian S Schwiger)(Freeman Dyson)

169 (renormalization) (QED) 11 QED QED(1993 ) 1965 (DH)

170 DNA (CERN)CERNwww Beatles

171 4 (meson) 1947 (Cecil Frank Powell) (QCD) (gluon) (Isaac Asimov) 60 (Sheldon Glashow)(Steven Weinberg)(Aldus Salam) (W W-Z0)80 4 We hold the truth to be self-evident, that all forces are created equal. 4

172 1954 (Grand Unified Theory GUT) 3 100% GUT 3 20 GUT(Theory of EverythingTOE) ( )

173 30 (Superstring) ********* X-180 (Kip Thorne)1(Penthouse)4(Private Eye)(Penthouse Playboy) X both 1 (John Preskill) T

174 T (Zeldovich) (2004) 2000(Gordon Kane)100 (1964 ) Nature(Nature 420, p354) 80 (graviton) CERN(Gabriel Veneziano) (Regge trajectory) 1771

175 (Edward Witten) (Yeshiva Univ)(Leonard Susskind) (Holger Nielsen) (John Schwarz) (Joel Scherk) 2 ( ) (tachyon) (Oskar Klein) (Theodor Kaluza) -(Kaluza-Klein TheoryKK) 4 (QCD) QCD 1971(Pierre Ramond)26 10 ( ) () 1980 (Michael Green) 20

176 (David Gross) 3 arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/ () () (31) (10^-33) 66 BBC 9 BBC1988 () ()

177 (Brian Greene)1999 ( ) 5 M007 Q(1999) M(Mother)5 (Mystery)(Matrix) (Membrane) M M M /M1996 (Strominger)(Vafa) M PBS

178 ( ) 45 WORD20025 ( ^_^) bugs( ) (6 ) ( -) ( )

179 CAPO I. () The Historical Development of Quantum Theory I-VI, Jagdish Mehra&Helmut Rechenberg, Springer An Introduction to Quantum Theory, Keith Hannabuss, Oxford 1997 Quantum Theory, David Bohm, Constable 1951 The Strange Story of the Quantum, Banesh Hoffmann, Dover Years of Plancks Quantum, Ian Duck&E.C.G. Sundarshan, World Scientific 2000 Beyond the Quantum, Michael Talbot, Bantam Books 1988 The Construction of Modern Science, R.S. Westfall, Cambridge 1977 Never at Rest, R.S. Westfall, Cambridge 1980 The Newton Handbook, Gerek Gjertsen, Routledge&Kegan Paul 1986 The Man Who Knew Too Much, Stephen Inwood, MacMilan 2002 Thomas Young, Natural Philosopher, Alexander Wood, Cambridge 1954

180 Niels Bohr: Gentle Genius of Denmark, Spangenburg&Moser, Facts on File 1995 Niels Bohr: The Man, His Science & The World They Changed, Ruth Moore, Knopf 1966 Niels Bohrs Times: in Physics, Philosophy and Polity, Abraham Pais, Oxford 1991 Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg, David Cassidy, Freeman 1992 Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume, French & Kennedy, Harvard 1985, Heisenber, Schrodinger: Life and Thought, Walter Moore, Cambridge 1989 Dirac: A Scientific Biography, Helge Kragh, Cambridge 1990 In Search of Schrodingers Cat, John Gribbin, Wildwood House 1984 Gribbin Schrodingers Kittens and the Search for Reality, John Gribbin, Weidenfeld&Nicolson 1995 Copenhagen, Michael Frayn, Methuen 1998

181 Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, Paul Rose, UC Berkeley 1998 Hitlers Uranium Club, Jeremy Bernstein, AIP 1996 The Emperors New Mind, Roger Penrose, Oxford 1989 Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics, J.S. Bell, Cambridge 1987 The Ghost in the Atom, P.Davis&J.Brown, Cambridge 1986 BBC The Metaphysics of Quantum Theory, Henry Krips, Oxford 1987 Stapp The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, Richard Healey, Cambridge 1989 The Intepretation of Quantum Mechanics, Roland Omns, Princeton 1994 Omns The Fabric of Reality, David Deutsch, Allen Lane 1997 The Quark and the Jaguar, Murray Gell-Mann, Freeman 1994 (A Brief History of Time), S.Hawking Black Holes and Time Warps, Kip Thorne, W.W.Norton 1994 (The Arrow of Time), P.Coveney&R. Highfield Superstrings, A Theory of Everything? P.Davis&J.Brown, Cambridge 1988 BBC

182 The Elegant Universe, Brian Greene, W.W. Norton , &, &1993 II. D. Cassidy, Phys. Today July 2000, p Max Tegmark, Fortschr. Phys. 46 p855 TegmarkMWI Aspect et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 p91 A. Aspect, Nature 398 p189 Anton Zeilinger, Nature 408 p639 Tegmark&Wheeler, Scientific American Feb 2001, p68 Yurke&Stoler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, p1251 Jennewein et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, Aerts et al, Found. Phys. 30, p1387 Rowe et al, Nature 409, p791 Z.Zhao et al, Phys. Rev. Lett Hasegawa et al, oai:arxiv.org:quant-ph/ Pittman&Franson, Physical Review

183 J.W.Pan et al, Nature 403 p515 GHZ Ghirardi, Rimini&Weber, Phys. Rev. D34, 470 GRW Wojciech H. Zurek, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 p715 Wojciech H. Zurek, Phys. Today 44 p36 Zurek R.B. Griffiths, Phys. Lett. A 265 p12 Ghirardi, Phys.Lett. A265 p153 Bassi&Ghirardi, J.Statist.Phys. 98 p457 Bassi&Ghirardi, Phys.Lett. A257 p247 GhirardiDH Jim Giles, Nature 420, p354 III. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/main_page arxiv.org/ www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/index.html

184 home.earthlink.net/~johnfblanton/physics/epr.htm EPR www-physics.lbl.gov/~stapp/stappfiles.html FAQ superstringtheory.com/ J.J. 1900

185 X q G.P EPR 1935

186 CP Z GRW

187