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1 [2]50 [3]80 [4] QED [5] [6] C 60 [7] Stony Brook SQUID [8]Delft [9]. 1935

2 0 2

3 2 P 2M t / 4M a

4 Φ 1 Φ 2 Φ = Φ 1 +Φ 2 Φ 2 = Φ Φ 2 2 +Φ 1 Φ * 2 +Φ * 1Φ 2 Φ 1 Φ * 2 +Φ * 1Φ 2 A n> φ >=C 1 1>+ C 2 2>+ + C n n>. A A a n n> ρ = φ ><φ 1 1 [3] (2) 11]

5 which-way Rempe [12] T(0)>= C n n> d> d> T(t)>= C n n> d n > (2) d n > d n > d n > n> d n > Stern-Gerlach(SG) T(t)> ρ = <d k T(t)> <T(t) d k >, F mn =< d m d n > [13] d>= d(1)> d(2)> d(n)>., F mn F mn = F mn (1)F mn (2) F mn (N) (3) N F0 T(t)> ρ = C n 2 n><n (4)

6 N, N, N, Wigner Joos Zeh [4] which-way Omnes [14] [14]

7 u>= e> > d j >+ g> > L j > (5) d j > L j > ; u> ρ = e><e >< + g><g >< (6) NE, [15] 3 (), 2 N

8 11] [1] BEC. BEC[16]. Stony Brook Jossphson (SQUID) [8] Delft [9]

9 2. Zeilinger C 60. Zeilinger C 60 [7]... C 60 C 60. C 60 C 60 Which-way. C 60 C 60 C 60 C 60. C 60.. C 60 N. Haroch QED [5] Rabi 1 S(0)>= 2 ( e>+ g>),, D > L > 1 S (t) >= 2 ( e> D > + g> L >)

10 P g, Ramsey. D > = L >, Haroche Ramsey ( ), D > L >, Ramsey <D L >. Ramsey ( ),., Rempe () [5]. 4,, 4, l.. }

11 Moore 18 e. ( ). [20]., 1994 P. Shor RAS. - Bennet Teleprotation. Insbruk.,., "......

12 ... [8,9] paradigm [17] 1. 2.

13 Griffiths Omnes, Hartale Decoverence Histories [17,18] Completely fine-grained histories very coarse-grained history t Hooft [19].,

14 [1] Wheeler J A, Zurek W H. Quantum Theory and Measurement, Princeton Univ.Press,1983[27] Zurek H W, Phys.Today, 1991 [2]Schrodinger,E., Proc. Cambridge. Phil. Sol. 1935: [3] Born M, Albert, Einstein, Hedwig und Marx Born, Briefwechshel, pp , Munchen: Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung,1959 [4] Wigner, E.P.,Am.J.Phys., 1963,31,:6-15 Joos E., Zeh H.D., Z. Phys. B. 1985,59: [5] Brune M., Hagley E. et al,,phys.rev. Lett, 1996:77,4887; Phys.Rev. Lett, 1997,79:1964 [6] Monroe,C., Meekhof,D.et al.,science,1996,272:1131. [7] Arndt, M, et al. Nature, 1999, 14:401. [8] Friedman J., Patel V., et al.,nature, 2000,406:23 [9] van der Wal C, ter Haar A. et al.,science 2000,290 : 773 [10] Durt S. et al, Nature 1998, 33 :395. [11] [12] Durt S. et al, Nature 1998, 33 :395. [13] Sun C.P et.al,, Fortschr. Phys. 1995,43,585; Phys. Rev. A, 1993;48, 878 ;Chin. J. Phys. 1994,32, 7 ; Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 1997,9, 119 ; Sun C.P.,in Quantum-Classical Correspondence, ed. By Feng D.H.,Hu B.L.,pp New York International Press, 1997;, in Quantum Coherence and Decoherence, ed.by Fujikawa K. Ono Y.A., pp , AMsterdam: Elsevier SciensePress, 1996; Liu X.J. Sun C.P., Phys. Lett. A 1995,198,:371. [14] Omnes R, The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, New Jersey:Princeton University Press, 1994 [15] Sun C.P, Yu L H, Phys.Rev.A, 1995,51: Sun C P, etal., Phys.Rev.E,199857: [16] [17]Gell-Mann M.,The Quark and the Jaguar, New York: W.H.Freeman & Company,1994 [18] Gell-Mann M., Hartle J.B., Phys.Rev. D, 1993,47,:3345 [19] ' t Hooft G, Class.Quant.Grav. 1999,16 : [20] Bouwmeester D., Ekert A., Zeilinger A., (Eds.),The Physics of Quantum Information,,Berlin: Springer-Verlag,2000

, Z. Phys. B. 1985,59:223-243 [5] Brune M., Hagley E. et al,,phys.rev. Lett, 1996:77,4887; Phys.Rev. Lett, 1997,79:1964 [6] Monroe,C., Meekhof,D.et al.,science,1996,272:1131. [7] Arndt, M, et al.

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