(Suggested Answers for Young Children Activity Sheet) 1. Who am I? Hello kids, do you know who I am? Please connect the dot to dot (1-46) in sequence

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2 (Suggested Answers for Young Children Activity Sheet) 1. Who am I? Hello kids, do you know who I am? Please connect the dot to dot (1-46) in sequence to reveal me I am Julius Caesar, the great general and politician of the ancient Rome. Please fill in colours to make me look brave and valiant. 1

3 2. Well done, Kids. I have conquered many parts of the world, including Europe, Asia and Africa. My army is strong and efficient. Want to be my soldier and battling around the world? If you can pick up the right armament, then you can join my army. 2

4 3. Excellent, Kids. You re qualified. Now, try using your military tools. A. Archery ( Draw a right path of the arrow.) B. Assault Ram ( Draw the right crashing path to attack the gate of castle.) 3

5 C. Pass through the maze and conquer this place! Goal Start 4

6 (Suggested Answers for Activity Sheet) 1. Julius Caesar Right or Wrong! I am Julius Caesar, a dictator, a general, a politician and an orator of ancient Rome. How much do you know about me? Read the statements below. Put a tick if it is correct and if it is incorrect. 1. I was a king of the Roman Empire. 2.(July) The month of July was named after me to recognize my contribution. 3. I reformed the calendar by introducing a leap year every four years. 4. I converted the scroll to codex, that is, the book. 5. I once said, " VENI VIDI VICI ". 6. I appeared on some Roman coins. 7. I died in a battle. 8. I loved poems and books. I was an author too. 9. I built a bridge over River Rhine in 10 days. 1

7 2."Veni Vidi Vici" I CAME, I SAW, I CONQUERED. I coined these famous words after the Zela Battle (47 BC). Do you know which exhibit displays these wordings? Coin I led the Roman soldiers and fought around the world. I made The Tabula of Peutinger, a road map for planning. It showed the world as we knew it duing the apex of the Roman expansion. Please look for the answers at the exhibit "The Tabula of Peutinger Segment V". 1. "All Roads lead to Rome" takes its origins from the ancient Roman road system where roads radiated from the capital of Rome.The circle on the map is the town centre of Rome. How many roads extends from there? What do these map symbols represent? Bath houses Ports and light houses Walled cities Temples 2

3. "ROME WAS NOT BUILT IN A DAY" I battled all my life for land. My army was vigorous and loyal. My soldiers, "Legionaries" or foot soldiers were all well-trained and equipped.

8 3. "ROME WAS NOT BUILT IN A DAY" I battled all my life for land. My army was vigorous and loyal. My soldiers, "Legionaries" or foot soldiers were all well-trained and equipped. Can you name the armament that they carried? Helmet Armour Dagger Shield Javelin Sword Sandals Javelin Helmet Armour Sword Shield Dagger Sandals Roman soldiers march closely and overlap their shields in the form of a tortoise. This is called "Testudo" and is an unbeatable formation when attacking enemies. 3

Together with the powerful battling machines, I acquired lands in Europe, Africa and

Please identify the machines that were once used to attack the following targets: A.

Pile driver Enemies C (Onager) The name "Onager" means mule.

9 Together with the powerful battling machines, I acquired lands in Europe, Africa and Asia. Do you know the functions of these machines? Please identify the machines that were once used to attack the following targets: A. Assault ram Bridge D B. Assault tower C. Onager Gate of castle A, B & C D. Pile driver Enemies C (Onager) The name "Onager" means mule. It is because when released, the machine gives a big kick. This demonstrates the Newton's third law Forces always occur in pairs, action and the associated reaction. 4

4. ALL ROADS LEAD TO ROME Roman soldiers were not just good fighters, they were good

They built famous Roman roads, colosseums, aqueducts, arches, fortresses, columns and

Many of these structures (around the Mediterranean Sea) are still standing and attracting

Romans applied science principles and used simple machines to build the Roman Empire.

gears, potential and kinetic energy. Below are pictures showing the Roman constructions.

10 4. ALL ROADS LEAD TO ROME Roman soldiers were not just good fighters, they were good builders too. They built famous Roman roads, colosseums, aqueducts, arches, fortresses, columns and walls around the territory. Ancient Romans were masters of engineering and architecture. Many of these structures (around the Mediterranean Sea) are still standing and attracting many visitors around the world. Romans applied science principles and used simple machines to build the Roman Empire. Physics principles commonly put into applications are gravity, friction, pulleys and rope, gears, potential and kinetic energy. Below are pictures showing the Roman constructions. Please write down the physics principles applied. Friction Gravity Gears Pulleys & rope Potential & kinetic energy Ram in Testudo Potential & kinetic energy Roman arch Friction Land odometer Gears Groma Calcatorian crane Gravity Pulleys & rope 5

11 5. Physics Behind the machines A. (PE)(KE) Potential Energy (PE) vs. Kinetic Energy (KE) Potential energy (PE) is the stored energy of a physical system and kinetic energy (KE) is its transformation of energy as motion. PE and KE are interchangeable, such as a modern pile driver storing PE by raising the pile to a higher position and changing it to KE as the pile hits the ground. Pile driver (PE) (KE) An example of the reverse action from kinetic to potential energy is: Roller coaster (KE) (PE) (KE)(PE) The roller coaster is rushing (KE) to a higher position of the looping orbit (PE) (PE to KE)(KE to PE) Now test yourself to identify whether the following actions are PE to KE or KE to PE: 1. Winding up the onager KE to PE 2. Stone flying from the onager PE to KE 3. A soldier climbing up the assault tower KE to PE 4. Water in the aqueduct turning water wheel to grind grains PE to KE 5. Workers running in the wheel of the Calcatorian crane to lift up heavy weights KE to PE 6

B. Pulleys and ropes Pull Pull Pull 100 kg Load 100 kg Load 100 kg Load Load = Pull = A B C 1. Compare the above three pulley systems. Which one uses the least force? C 2. Why?

12 B. Pulleys and ropes Pull Pull Pull 100 kg Load 100 kg Load 100 kg Load Load = Pull = A B C 1. Compare the above three pulley systems. Which one uses the least force? C 2. Why? Pulley System A: The 100kg load equals to the 100kg pulling force. No advantage in terms of force is received. Pulley System B: The 100kg load is pulled by the lower pulley, with each rope bearing half of the weight. Then it is balanced by the upper pulley through exerting a 50kg pulling force downward, making it advantageous. Pulley System C: The 100kg load is shared by four ropes pulling upwards, each sharing a quarter of the weight. It is the most advantageous among the three systems. Do you want to explore how pulley works? Feel it and explore at the exhibit "Pulleys". 7

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