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1 Index Abbey of the Nine Perfected at Nanyue Hengshan 南嶽衡山九真館, 129, 141, 143, 166, 359 Altar to the Transcendent Lady Wei (Wei furen xian tan 魏夫人仙壇 ), 174, 188, 201, Amitābha, 216, 245, 301 2, 305, 390 An Lushan 安祿山 rebellion (755 63), , 271, 396 Anmo tongjing jing 按摩通精經 (Scripture of massage and pervasion of essence), 133 Aoyama Sadao 青山定雄, 258 Apocryphal texts (chenwei 讖緯 ), 42 45, 49, 68, 121 Arrayed biographies (liezhuan 列傳 ), 147 Art of the Fire Tripod (huoding zhi shu 火鼎之術 ), 163 Art of the Golden Elixir and Fire Dragon ( jindan huolong zhi shu 金丹火龍之術 ), 179 Ascetic disciplinary techniques (toutuo xing 頭陀行, Skt. dhūta-guna), 264 Assistant mountains, Attached/Appended ( fu 附 ) biographies, 241, 252 Avalokiteśvara (Guanyin), 53, 243, 245 Avataṃsaka sutra (Huayan jing 華嚴經 ), 55, 246, 250 Bai Juyi 白居易 ( ), , 400 Bai Yuchan 白玉蟬 ( ?), 129, 353 Baihu tong 白虎通 (Comprehensive discussions in the White Tiger Hall), 68 Baize jingguai tu 白澤精怪圖 (Illustrations of the spectral prodigies of White Marsh), 17, 333 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 8 Ballad of the Sweet Marsh (Ganze yao 甘澤謠 ), , 396 Banzhou sanmei 般舟三昧 (Skt. pratyutpanna-samādhi), 301 Baolin zhuan 寶林傳 (Chronicle of the Baolin [Monastery]), , 281, 289, , 399; theories about location of authorship, Baopuzi 抱朴子 (The master who embraces simplicity), 48, 138, 481

2 482 Index 140, 220; list of mountains, 44, 54; beliefs about mountains, 44 45; location of Huoshan, Baozang lun 寶藏論 (Treasure store treatise), 280, 290 Baxandall, Michael, 324, 410 Barrett, Timothy, 156, 179, 253, 280, , 294, 340, 369 Basso, Keith H., 322, 332 Benn, Charles, 156, 158, 340, 365 Benn, James, 405 Berger, John, 23 Bielenstein, Hans, 258 Bierce, Ambrose, 14 Biographies of eminent monks (gaoseng zhuan 高僧傳 ) genre, 24, 236 Biographies of the Eighteen Eminent Monks of Nanyue, see Nanyue shiba gaoseng zhuan Biographies of the Eighteen Notables (Shiba xianzhuan 十八賢傳 ), 237, 387 Biographies of the Nine Perfected of Nanyue, see Nanyue jiu zhenren zhuan Blakeley, Barry, 115 Blessed terrains ( fudi 福地 ), 48, 93, 222, 220, 360 Bloch, Marc, 57, 59 Bodhidharma 普提達磨 (fl. fifth century), 213, 261, 268 Bodhiruci 菩提流志 (? 727), 233 Bodhisattva precepts ( pusa jie 菩薩戒 ), 307, 311, 407 Boli 波利 (d.u.), 292, 294 Boltz, Judith, 149, 347 Bore Monastery 般若寺, 217, , , , 315, 400, 402, 409. See also Fuyan Monastery Bourdieu, Pierre, 4 5, 94 Branch hereditary house ( pangchu shijia 旁出世家 ), 238, 241, 243, 251 Bredon, Juliet, Brook, Timothy, 325 Brooks, E. Bruce, 336, 343 Buddhabhadra ( ), 55 Buddhism, 180, , , 308; and sacred mountains, 1, 3, 52 56, 213, See also Chan Buddhism; Pure Land Buddhism; Tiantai Buddhism; Vinaya Buddho-Daoism, 3, 13 14, , , , 410 Bugang 步罡 (walking the guideline), 174 Bumbacher, Stephen, 153, 347, , 362, 365, 379 Bunsen, Baron, Buswell, Robert, 288 Cantong qi 參同契 (The harmony of difference and equality), 282, , 290, 324, 366, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Caoan ge 草庵歌 (Song of the grass hut), 282, 284, 288, 290, 400 Caoxi Ling 曹溪靈 (d.u.), 276 Casey, Edward, 6, 23, 125, 410 Celestial Heart (Tianxin 天心 ), 150 Celestial Masters (Tianshi dao 天師道 ), 73, 131, 133, passim, 358, 360 Central Sacred Peak (Songshan 嵩山 ), 26, passim, 44, 65, , 308; Chan Buddhism

3 Index 483 of, , 271, 276. See also Songshan Certeau, Michel de, 24, 101, 125, 316 Chan Buddhism, , , ; East Mountain 東山, 174, 260, 262, 264; Ox Head Chan, 260, 262, 270, , , 280, , 295, 312; Linji 臨濟 school, 260, 288; Yunmen 雲門 school, 260, 294; Fayan 法眼 school, 260, 294; Southern School, passim; Northern School, , Chang Chaoran, 344 Chang, K. C., 35, 115 Changzi 長髭 (d.u.), 292, 295 Chanyuan zhuquanji duxu 禪源諸詮集都序 (Preface to the Collected Writings on the Source of Chan), 291 Chaoran 超然, 306 Chavannes, Edouard, 5 6, 19, 63, 159 Chen Guayan 陳寡言 (fl. ninth century), 172 Chen Guofu, 168, Chen Huidu 陳慧度 (? 484), 129, , 358 Chen Jinhua, , 264 Chen Shaowei 陳少微 (fl. 712), 166, 366 Chen Xingming 陳興明 (? 265), 129, , 142 Chen Zi ang 陳子昂 ( ), 233 Cheng Hongzhi 盛弘之 (d.u.), 95 Cheng Xuanying 成玄英 (fl ), 178 Chengshi lun 成實論 (Tattvasiddhi śāstra), 244 Chengyuan 承遠 ( ), 279, 301 6, passim, 391, 393, 406 Chi 赤 (vermilion): symbolism of, 83, 114, 121, 139 Chicheng shan 赤城山, passim, 345 Chinese religions (study of ), 9, 94 95, 286, 307, passim, 371; nonsectarian approaches to, 2, 4, Chinul 知訥 ( ), 288 Chisongzi zhangli 赤松子章歴 (Master Red Pine s almanac of petitions), 192, 194 Chongxiu Nanyue zhi 重修南嶽志 (Revised gazetteer of Nanyue), 231 Chongxu zhide zhenjing shiwen 沖虛至德真經釋文 (Exegesis on the classic of chongxu zhide), 173 Chu 楚, 97, , 122, 145, 351; High Gods of, 112, 321 Chuan fabao ji 傳法寶紀 (Annals of the transmission of the dharma treasure), 248, 261, 264 Chuci 楚辭 (Songs of the south), 18 Chuji 處寂 ( ), 279 Cimin Huiri 滋敏慧日 ( ), 231, 303 4, 311, 386, 406 Classic of Mountains and Rivers (Shanhai jing), 17, Collected Highlights, see Nanyue zongsheng ji Commentaries, 64 66, 69 70, 190, 326 Constantly walking samadhi (changxing sanmei 常行三昧 ), 302

4 484 Index Cook, Constance, Corpse-liberation (shijie 尸解 ), 105, , 268, 356, 397; within Daoism, 134, 148, , passim, 209, 362; female Daoists and, 180, 197, 205; Buddhist examples of, , 368 Cresswell, Tim, 320 Cui An 崔黯 ( jinshi 828), 24 Cui Shu 崔述 ( ), 29, 31 Cypress Abbey (Tongbo guan 桐柏觀 ), Dabao jijing 大寶積經 (Mahāratnakūta), 234 Dadian Baotong 大顛寶通 ( ), 292, Dadong zhenjing 大洞真經 (Authentic scripture of the great cavern), 150, 192, 197, 361 Da Huoshan 大霍山, 78, 81, 192, 197, 201 Damao shan 大茅山, 55 Daming 大明 (fl. mid-sixth century), 238, Dashan 大善 (fl. mid-sixth century), , 246 Datong bei 大通碑 (Stele on the great penetration), 234 Da Xingshan si 大興善寺, 271 Dayun jing shenhuang shouji yishu 大雲經神皇授記義疏 (Commentary on the meaning of the prophecy about Shenhuang in the Great Cloud Sūtra), 199 Dazhi dulun 大智度論 (Mahāprajñāpāramitā śāstra), 227, 241, 250, 388 Daishan 岱山, see Eastern Sacred Peak Daizong (r ), 176, 277, 302 Daizong 岱宗, see Eastern Sacred Peak Danxia Tianran 丹霞天然 ( ), 274, 292, , 312 Daode jing, 168, 170, 367 Daoism, 3, 14, 43, 45, 138, 148, 156, ; and Nanyue, 12, 71, 75, 96, 122, passim, 224, 286, 290, 298, passim, 353; and the Five Sacred Peaks, 43, 46 52, ; taking over imperial rituals, 50 52, ; and Liang Wudi, ; and Tang eunuchs, ; Shangqing lineages, , 190; and women, , ; Goddesses, ; biography/ hagiography, ; lineage, 253. See also Celestial Masters; Shangqing Daojiao lingyan ji 道教靈驗記 (Evidential miracles in support of Daoism), 202 3, 207, 378 Daojiao yishu 道教義樞 (Pivot of meaning for the teachings of the Dao), 140 Daolun 道倫 (d.u.), 238, Daosong 道嵩 (d.u.), 314 Daoxian 道銑 (d.u.), 292, 295 Daoxin 道信 ( ), 248, , 272, 395 Daoxuan 道宣 ( ), , 239, Daozhen 道偵, 306 Darnton, Robert, 5 Demiéville, Paul, 17, Deng Yuzhi 鄧郁之 (1) (? 512), 129, 136, , passim, , 163, 289, 360, 362

5 Index 485 Deng Yuzhi 鄧欲之 (2) (? 515), , , 360, 362 Dengyō daishi shōrai Esshūroku 伝教大師將來越州錄 (Saichō s Yuezhou catalogue), 226 Dengyō daishi shōrai Taishūroku 伝教大師將來台州錄 (Saichō s Taizhou catalogue), 226 Dengzhen yinjue 登真隱訣 (Concealed instructions for the ascent to perfection), , 375 Dharma-transmission verses (chuanfa jie 傳法偈 ), Dhyāna lineage (chanzong 禪宗 ), 255 Dhyāna practice, 11, 13, , passim, 251, , , 276, 282 Ding Shuying 丁淑英 (d.u.), 204, 378 Dong Qinxian 董秦仙 (d. 767), 161 Dongshan Liangjie 洞山良价 (807 69), 288 Dongtian fudi yuedu mingshan ji 洞天福地嶽瀆名山記 (Record of grotto heavens, holy spots, sacred peaks, rivers, and famous mountains), 49, 161, 182 Dongxuan lingbao sanshi ji 洞玄靈寶三師記 (Record of the three masters, of the Dongxuan Lingbao canon), 169, , 367 Dongxuan lingbao wuyue guben zhenxing tu 洞玄靈寶五嶽古本真形圖 (Old version of the Charts of the True Forms of the Five Sacred Peaks), Dongxuan lingbao zhenling weiye tu 洞玄靈寶真靈位業圖 (Table of ranks and functions in the pantheon), 138, 195, 356 Dongxuan lingbao ziran jiutian shengshen zhangjing 洞玄靈寶自然九天生神章經 (Stanzas of the life spirits of the nine heavens), 173 Dongyuan ji 洞淵集 (Collected works of the abyssal cavern), 222 Dongzhen ji 洞真集 (Cavern perfected record), 135, 163, 355, 365 Du Guangting 杜光庭 ( ), passim, 95, 117, 137, 156, 173, passim, 202, 367 Duke transcendent (xiangong 仙公 ), 192 Dunhuang 敦煌 manuscripts, , 272, 297, 302, 333, 381 Durkheim, Emile, 7 Earthbound transcendents (dixian 地仙 ), 148 Eastern Sacred Peak (Taishan, Daishan), 1, 5, 26, passim, passim, 65, 69, 92, 157 Eberhard, Wolfram, passim Eighteen: significance of number, , 388 Eighteen Eminent Monks of Nanyue, 12 13, 214, passim, 390 Eight lesser famous mountains (baxiao mingshan 八小名山 ), 55 Eizan daishiden 叡山大師伝 (Biography of the great master of Mount Hiei), 307 Eliade, Mircea, 7 Elixirs, 2, 22, 47 49, 133, 141, passim, 163, , 191,

6 486 Index Embryonic Respiration (taixi 胎息 ), 162, 287, 364, 402 Emei shan 峨嵋山, 44, 53 54, 123, 170, 177, 215 Encounter dialogue ( yulu 語錄 ), 296 End of the dharma (mofa 末法 ), 218, 381, 382 Entering the oratory (rujing 入靖 ), Erya 爾雅 (Examples of refined usage), 9, 29, passim, 85; commentaries on, 69 70, 76, 123 Eulogy (zan 讚 ), 172, 281, 299 Eunuchs, Excessive cults ( yinhun 淫昏 ), 51, passim Expedient means of entering the path (rudao fangbian 入道方便 ), 248 External Alchemy (waidan 外丹 ), 146, 163, 166, 219, 364, 366 Fahua jing anlexing yi 法華經安樂行義 (The meaning of the Lotus Sūtra s course of ease and bliss), 307 Fahua zhuanji 法華傳記 (Accounts of the Lotus Sūtra), , 251, 388 Fan Chengda 范成大 ( ), 124, 332 Faru 法如 (638 89), Faure, Bernard, 221, 248, 307, 370, 382, 393 Fazhao 法照 (fl. eighth century), 301 2, Fazheng 法證 (also called Yunfeng Fazheng fashi 雲峯法證法師 ; d. 801), , , 409 Feldman, Allen, , 349, 410 Female Transcendent Xue (Xue nüzhen 薛女真, d.u.), Feng Weiliang 馮惟良, passim Fengsu tongyi 風俗通義 (Comprehensive meaning of customs), 24, 68 Fengzhou Huiyan 灃州慧演 (718 96), 275 First Chan Patriarch of Nanyue (Nanyue chuzu chanshi 南嶽初祖禪師 ), 264. See also Huian Five-agents (or five phases) (wuxing 五行 ), 38, Five colors (wuse 五色 ), 27, 38 Five Dynasties, 181, 259, 298, 325 Five Sacred Peaks, 1 3, 10, 26 27, 30, 61 62, 68, 70, 83, 86 87, 114, 325; formation of set of five, 27 29, 31, passim, 65; and Daoism, 46 52, , 165, 186; imperial rituals to, 59 61, 72 Five Sacred Peaks Tower (Wuyue lou 五嶽樓 ), 151 Five thearchs (wudi 五帝 ), 38 Five times (wushi 五時 ), 38 Flying Altar (Feiliu tan 飛流壇 ), 202 Foguang Ruman 佛光如滿 (fl. late eighth century), Foulk, T. Griffith, 260, Four directions (sifang 四方 ), passim Four Famous [Buddhist] Mountains (sida mingshan 四大名山 ), 3, 52 56, 213, Four oceans (sihai 四海 ), 35

7 Index 487 Four Sacred Peaks (siyue 四嶽 ), 30 35, 39, 65, 69, 336 Four Samādhis (sizhong sanmei 四種三昧 ), , Four winds (sifeng 四風 ), 35 Fozu tongji 佛祖統記 (A general record of the Buddha and other patriarchs), 175, passim, passim, 268, 294, 314, 384, 389 Frankfurter, David, 324 Fu Fuxian 傅符仙 (d. 760), 161 Fudi 福地, see Blessed terrains Fukui Kōjun 福井康順, 286 Fuxing shu 復性書 (Book of returning to one s true nature), 286 Fuyan Monastery 福巖寺 (also called Fuyan chansi 福巖禪寺 and Bore Monastery [q.v.]), passim, 250, 255, 276, 315, 382, 392, 409 Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 230 Gan Bao 干寶 (fl. 317), 71 Ganze yao (Ballad of the sweet marsh), , 396 Gao Lishi 高力士 (fl. eighth century), Gaoseng zhuan 高僧傳 (Biographies of eminent monks), 214, 229, 241, 252, 268, 380, 384, 408 Gaozong (r ), 165, 171 Garrison mountains (zhen 鎮 ), 36 37, 45, 48, 61, 65, 74, 125, 133, 339 Gazetteer of Changsha Prefecture (Changsha fuzhi 長沙府志 ), 109, 350 Ge Chaofu 葛巢甫 (fl ), Ge Hong 葛洪 ( ), 44 45, 54, 77 78, 81, 137, , 191, 339 Geo-historical synthesis, 6 Gernet, Jacques, 223, Getz, Daniel, 237, 384 Ghost Festival, 327 Golden Elixir/Liquor ( jinye 金液 ), 145, 152, 162 Goulou shan 岣嶁山, 107, 273 Gou xiangu 緱仙姑, see Transcendent Gou Grand Sovereign of the Purple Vacuity Upper Perfected Director of Destinies Lady [Wei] of Nanyue (Zixu yuanjun shangzhen siming Nanyue furen 紫虛元君上真司命南嶽夫人 ), 192 Grapard, Allan, 7, 376 Great Master of Nanyue (Nanyue dashi 南嶽大師, i.e., Li Guang), 73, 226 Great Master of Salvation (miaoji dashi 妙濟大師 ), 164 Groner, Paul, 307 8, 383, 407 Grotto heavens (dongtian 洞天 ), 48 49, 93, 289, 297 Gu Jiegang 顧頡剛, 27 29, 36, 63, 110, 337 Gu Kaizhi 顧愷之 (ca. 345 ca. 406), 214 Guanding 觀頂 ( ), 83, , 242, 283 Guang Qingliang zhuan 廣清涼傳 (Expanded account of Wutai shan), 91 Guanxiu Chanyue 貫休禪月 ( ), 300

8 488 Index Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara), 53, 243, 245 Guarding the one (shouyi 守一 ), Gujin tushu jicheng 古今圖書集成 (Synthesis of books and illustrations of the past and present), 58 Gu Qingliang zhuan 古清涼傳 (Old accounts of Wutai shan), 91 Guo Pu 郭璞 (styled Jingchun 景純 ; ), 69 70, 76, 123 Guoqing bailu 國清百錄 (One hundred documents related to the Guoqing [Monastery]), passim, 251, 389, 392 Guoqing Monastery 國清寺, , 230 Guoyu 國語 (Discourses of the states), 33, 113 Haiyin 海印, 215, 282 Han Weiyi 韓威儀 (d. 847), 162 Han Yu 韓愈 ( ), 22, 107 8, 274, 295, 313, 403 Han dynasty tomb ordinances, Han faben neizhuan 漢法本内傳 (Inner record of the Dharma essentials during the Han), 49, 298 Hanshu 漢書 (Han history), 29, 70, 118 Han Tang dili shuchao 漢唐地理書鈔 (Transcriptions of geographic books from the Han and Tang dynasties), 95, 347 Han Wudi 武帝 (r bce), 40 41, 58 61, 185, 343; movement of Southern Sacred Peak, 62 63, Han Wudi neizhuan 漢武帝內傳 (The inner story of Emperor Wu of the Han), 48, 186, 288 Han Wudi waizhuan 漢武帝外傳 (The outer story of Emperor Wu of the Han), 186 Hao Yu 皓玉, 275 Hargett, James, 124, 332, 347 Hartwell, Robert, 258 Harvey, David, 7, 59 He Chong 何充 (fl. 344), 73 He Qi 何琦, 71 74, 344 He Yinqi 何隱其 (d. 744), 161 Heart Sūtra, 92 Helin Xuansu 鶴林玄素 ( ), 273 Hengshan 衡山, see Southern Sacred Peak Hengshan 恒山, see Northern Sacred Peak Hengshan Vinaya method (Hengshan jiefa 衡山戒法 ), 314 Hengyue Abbey (Hengyue guan 衡嶽觀 ), 140, 149, 153, , , 176, 186, 289, 365, 368, 371 Hengyue Dyāna Monastery (Hengyue chansi 衡嶽禪寺 ; also Hengyue Monastery), 235, 239, 249, passim, 282, 293, 295, , 387 Hengyue ji 衡嶽記 (Record of the Hengyue), , 350 Hengyue shiba gaoseng zhuan xu 衡嶽十八高僧傳序 (Preface to the Biographies of Eighteen Eminent Monks of Hengyue), see Nanyue shiba gaoseng zhuan Hengyue zhenzi 衡嶽真子 (ninth century), , 370

9 Index 489 Hengzhou Dingxin 衡州定心 (d.u.), 270 Henricks, Robert, 114, 116 Hertz, Robert, , 371 Holy fools, 267 Hongjing 弘景 (634 92), 276 Hongren 弘忍 (601 74), 260, 264, 277 Hu Shih, 283 Huagai shan 華蓋山, 25, 150 Huagai shan Fuqiu Wang Guo san zhenjun shishi 華蓋山浮丘王郭三真君事實 (Verities of the three perfected lords Fuqiu, Wang, and Guo of Mt. Huagai), 25, 150 Huaihui 懷暉 ( ), 280 Huairang 懷讓 ( ), 250, 255, 262, 265, passim, , 317, 381, 399 Huaixin 懷心 (d.u.), 314, 392 Huang Lingwei 黃靈微 (ca ), 198, 377 Huangbo shan 黃檗山, 260 Huangbo Xiyun 黃檗希運 (d. 856), 260 Huang Chao 黃巢 rebellion (875 84), 130, 155, Huangfu Shi 皇甫湜 ( ), 310 Huanglu zi 黃盧子, 137 Huangting jing 黃庭經 (Scripture of the Yellow Court), , 187, 192, 206 Huashan 華山, see Western Sacred Peak Huashu 化書 (Book of transformation), 181 Huayang guo zhi 華陽國志 (Record of the land of Huayang), 95 Huian 慧安 (also known as Laoan 老安 ) ( ), 264, 267, 276 Huichang 會昌 persecution of Buddhism (841 46), 175, , , 282, 397 Huichao 慧超 ( ), 248 Huicheng 惠成 (fl. mid-sixth century), 238, 244 Huicheng 惠誠 (fl. late sixth century), 238, 247. See also Huiwei Huichou 惠稠 (fl. early seventh century), 238, Huiguan 慧觀, 299 Huiguo 惠果 ( ), 261 Huihai 惠海, 215, 235, Huikai 惠開 (733 97), , 314 Huikong 慧空 (d.u.), 270 Huineng 慧能 ( ), 265, , passim, 293, 300, 406 Huiqi 慧期 (d.u.), 249 Huiquan 惠詮, 306, 313 Huiri 惠日, passim, 240, 253, 386 Huiri daochang 惠日道場, 245, 390 Huisi 慧思 (515 77), 12 13, 146, , passim, 264, , 282, 307 8, , 381, 386, ; and Japan, 307 8, 407 Huitan 惠亶 (fl. early seventh century), 238, Huiwei 慧威, 247, 391, 407. See also Huicheng 惠誠 Huiwen 慧文 (fl. sixth century), 216, 384 Huiyan Peak 回雁峰, 98

10 490 Index Huiyong 惠勇 (515 83), 238, 242, , 390 Huiyong 慧涌, 246 Huiyuan 慧遠 ( ), 214, , 406 Huiyuan 慧元 (d.u.), 268 Huiyun 慧雲 ( ), 264 Huizan 慧瓚 ( ), 213 Huizhen 慧真, 276, 303, 308 9, 312, 393 Huizong 徽宗 (r ), 129, , 140, , 147, 182, 325, 371 Huoshan 霍山, 32, 37, passim, passim, 123, 192, , 201, passim Hurvitz, Leon, Hymes, Robert, 25, 150 Ibuki Atsushi, 392 Ichihara Kōkichi 市原亨吉, 299 Images (sculpted or painted), 163, 166, 172, 183, 214, , 245, 296, 304, 315, 371, 382 Imperial teacher (dishi 帝師 ), 175 Incantations (zhou 咒 ), 164 Inner Alchemy (neidan 內丹 ), 134, 142, 146, , , ; in Buddhism, 218, 220, , 365 Inoue Ichii, 81 Iriya Yoshitaka, 234 Ishii Shūdō 石井修道, 259, 296 Jia, Jinhua, 297 Jianzhou Renjing guan Wei fashi bei 澗州仁靜觀魏法師碑 (Stele inscription for the ritual master Wei of the Renjing Abbey in Jianzhou), Jiao Shaoxuan 焦少玄, 180 Jia yuanjing jing 甲元精徑 (First scripture of primordial essence), Jieying 誡盈 (d.u.), 313, 409 Jingde chuandeng lu 景德傳燈錄 (Jingde-era record of the transmission of the lamp), 269, 271, , , 398 Jingming jing 淨名經 (Vimalakīrtinirdeśa sūtra), 244, 250 Jingshan Faqin 徑山法欽 (714 92), 273, 290, Jingtu shiyi lun 淨土十疑論 (Treatise on the ten doubts of the Pure Land), 313 Jingzhou ji 荊州記 (Record of Jingzhou), 95, 97, Jingzong (r ), 174, 369 Jinling 金陵, 103 Jiuhua shan 九華山, 53 Jizang 吉藏 ( ), 261, 291, 389 Jizu shan 鶏足山, 55 Johnson, David, 253 Johnston, Reginald, Jorgensen, John, 253, 258, 275, 392 Jueguan lun 絕觀論 (Treatise on transcending cognition), 272 Kaiyuan shijiao lu 開元釋教錄 (Record of Śākyamuni s teachings compiled in the Kaiyuan era [713 41]), 233, 387 Kamitsuka Yoshiko, 199 Keightley, David, 31, 336 Kleeman, Terry, 34, 48, 341 Knechtges, David, 124 Kobayashi Masayoshi, 140, 358 Kojima Taizan 小島岱山, 261

11 Index 491 Kou Qianzhi 寇謙之 ( ), 131 Kroll, Paul, 6, 22 Kuang Heng 匡衡 (d. 68 BCE), Lady Wei (Wei furen 魏夫人 ), 12, 76, 79 81, 84, passim, 321, 324, 345, 362, ; cult at Linchuan, ; cult at Mujian, ; veneration of at Nanyue, 151, 174, passim. See also Wei Huacun Lady Youying of Nanyue (Nanyue Youying furen 南嶽右英夫人 ), 164, 365 Lankāvatāra-sūtra, 280, 396 Laoan 老安, see Huian Laozi 老子, 47, 151, 156, 257, 378; transformations of, 104 5, , 141, 223, 354; image of, 166; text, 271, 287 Larger Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra (Dapin bore jing 大品般若經, also called Mohe bore boluomi jing 摩訶般若波羅蜜經, Pañcaviṃśati-prajñāpāramitā sūtra), 216 (Larger) Sukhāvatīvyūha sūtra (Wuliang shou jing 無量壽經 ), 219, 304 Layman Pang (Pang jushi 龐居士 ), 282, 292, Ledao ge 樂道歌 (Song on delighting in the Way), 269 Lee Kit-Wah 李潔華, 260 Lefebvre, Henri, 7 8 Leftovers (as religious image), 267 Legge, James, Li Ao 李翱 (ca ), 286, 294 Li Chongzhao 李沖昭 (also written Li Zhongzhao 李仲昭 ), 92, 130, 155, 201 Li Delin 李得林 (d. 767), 162 Li Fuguo 李輔國 (d. 762), 176, 267, 396 Li Guang 李廣 (d.u.), 73. See also Great Master of Nanyue Li Hanguang 李含光 ( ), 156, Li Hua 李華 (ca. 710 ca. 769), 308, 393 Li Mi 李泌 (722 89), 120, , , 312, 322, 369, 396 Li Shaowei 李少微 (d.u.), 178 Li Simu 李思慕 (d. 756), 161, , 365 Li Yinghui 李映輝, Liang Wudi 梁武帝 (r ), 129, , , 205, 213, 362, 390 Liao Ranzi 了然子 (d.u.), 215 Libationer ( jijiu 祭酒 ), , 196 Lidai fabao ji 歷代法寶記 (Record of the dharma treasure through the generations), 279, 298 Liezi 列子, 289 Liji 禮記 (Record of rites), 42 Lineage, 4, 23 24, passim; within Daoism, 48, 140, , 162, , 177, ; within Tiantai Buddhism, 13, 83, , 238, 246, , ; within Chan Buddhism, , , 281, 284, passim, , 385, 406; within Vinaya movement at Nanyue, 306 9, , 393 Lingbao wuliang duren shangpin miaojing 靈寶無量度人上品妙經 (Wondrous scripture of the

12 492 Index upper chapters on limitless salvation of Lingbao), 178 Lingbian 靈辨 (d.u.), 218, 381 Lingche 靈徹 (d. 817), Lingche 靈澈 (d.u.), 298 Linji 臨濟 (d. 866), 288 Linji school, 260 Liquor of Red Jade White Corelian Ointment for Mixing Spirits and Merging Phosphors (Qiongshi langgao hunshen hejing zhi ye 瓊實琅膏混神合景之液 ), 142 Lishi zhenxian tidao tongjian 歷世真仙體道通鑑 (Comprehensive mirror on successive generations of the perfected, transcendents, and those who embody the Dao), 149, 173 Lishi zhenxian tidao tongjian houji 歷世真仙體道通鑑後集 (Supplement to A Comprehensive Mirror on Successive Generations of Perfected, Transcendents, and Those Who Embody the Dao), 187, 205 Liu Dechang 劉得常 (d.u.), 167 Liu Ke 劉軻 (fl. eighth century), 265, 274, , 293, 295 Liu Xuanjing 劉玄靜 (d. 851), 162, , 368 Liu Yuanqing 劉元靖, see Liu Xuanjing Lin Yang 藺敭 (d.u.), 158 Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫 ( ), 22 23, 102, 108, 299, passim, 311, 313, 407 Liu Zhiji 劉知幾 ( ), 95 Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 ( ), 269, , passim, Loewe, Michael, 66 Longan Ruhai 龍安如海 (fl. eighth century), 270, 273 Longyu hetu 龍魚河圖 (Dragon river chart), 43, 68, 121 Lotus samādhi ( fahua sanmei 法華三昧 ), 241, 243, 246, 389, 391 Lotus Sūtra (Fahua jing 蓮華經, Sadharmapuṇḍarīka), 210, 216, , passim, 307 Loufu shan 羅浮山, 283 Lu Cangyong 盧藏用 ( ), , , 253, 386 Lu Meiniang 盧眉娘 (Lu, Maiden with the Eyebrows), Lu Xun, 110 Lü Wen 呂溫 ( ), 302 5, 391 Lü Zhizhen 呂志真, 170, 176 Lushan 麓山, 97 98, 214 Lushan 廬山, 24, 86; and Buddhism, 54, 96 97, 214, , 263, 301; and Daoism, 132, , 217, 221, 255, 319 Lushan ji 廬山記 (Record of Lushan), 91, 237 Lüshi chunqiu 呂氏春秋 (The annals of Lü Buwei), 36 Luyi ji 錄異記 (Record of marvels), 51 Ma Yin 馬殷 (r ), 298 Mādhyamika, , 263, 280, 291, 390 Magu 麻姑, 204 Mahāsthāmaprāpta, 245 Maitreya, 216, , 232, 319 Makita Tairyō, 230 Malamoud, Charles, 267 Many places with one name ( yiming duodi 一名多地 ), 58 Mao Xi 毛喜 (d.u.), , 251

13 Index 493 Mao Ying 茅盈, Maojun zhuan 茅君傳 (Life of Lord Mao), 49 Maoshan 茅山 (also called Jüqu shan 句曲山 ), 80, , , 167, 322, 366 Master of Great Perfection (Dachengzi 大成子 ), 132 Master of Red Essence (Chijingzi 赤精子 ), 134 Master of Vast Longevity (Guangshouzi 廣壽子 ), 133 Masters of Hengshan, Mawangdui, 115 Mazu Daoyi 馬祖道一 (709 88), 250, 255, 260, 262, passim, passim, 317, 397, 400 McRae, John, 248, 259, 264, 275, 291, 296, 403 Medicine of the immortals (xianyao 仙藥 ), 220 Method of the Three Caverns (sandong zhi fa 三洞之法 ), 171 Methods and Registers of the Three Caverns (sandong falu 三洞法錄 ), 174 Michihata Ryōshū 道端良秀, 242 Micro-history, 6, 8 9 Middle Palace (Zhonggong 中宮 ), 144, 153, 172, 175 Minamoto Tamenori 源為憲 ( ), 307 Mingdi 明帝 (r ), 49 50, 135 Mingseng zhuan 名僧傳 (Biographies of distinguished monks), 214 Mingxi Daoxing 茗溪道行 ( ), Mingzan 明瓚 (also known as Lancan 懶殘, Lazy Leftover, and Shilin Zangong 石廩瓚公 ; eight century), 176, , 272, 277, 295, 300, 312, 396, 398, 409 Mithophanow, Igor, Miura Kunio 三浦国雄, 49 Mizuno Kōgen 水野弘元, 296 Mohe zhiguan 摩訶止觀 (The great calming and contemplation), 227, 229, 251 Morohashi Tetsuji 諸橋轍次, 58 Mountain caves, 20 22, 46, 119, 139, 205 Mountain monographs, 8, 23, 43, 91 92, 96, 173, 213, 346, 380 Mujian Wei furen ci beiming 木澗魏夫人祠碑銘 (Stele inscription for the Lady Wei shrine at Mujian), 198 Mūlasarvastivāda-nikāya-vinayasamyuktavastu (Genben shuo yiqie youbu binaya zashi 根本說一切有部毘奈耶雜事 ), 233 Mummification, 269 Murck, Alfreda, 122, 348 Mus, Paul, 222 Mutianzi zhuan 穆天子傳 (Travels of Prince Mu), 103 Mysterious Lord (Xuanjun 玄君 ), 186 Mysterious Lord Master of Rain (Yushi xuanjun 雨師玄君 ), 133 Nakafuji Tatsuo, 152 Nakamura Shōhachi 中村璋八, 43 Nanshi 南史 (Southern history), Nanyang Huizhong 南陽慧忠 (675? 775), Nanyue 南嶽, see Southern Sacred Peak

14 494 Index Nanyue bing Tiantai shan ji 南嶽并天台山記 (Record of Nanyue and Tiantai shan), 226 Nanyue Chengxin 南嶽澄心 ( ), , 398 Nanyue Fanxing 南嶽梵行 (d.u.), 277 Nanyue gaoseng zhuan 南嶽高僧傳 (Biographies of the eminent monks of Nanyue), , 230, 298, 385 Nanyue Huiyin 南嶽慧隱 (d.u.), 270, 273 Nanyue ji 南嶽記 (Record of Nanyue), 84 85, 99, 106, 119, 132, 226 Nanyue Jiangu 南嶽堅固 (d.u.), 277, 300 Nanyue jiuxian zhuan 南嶽九仙傳 (The biographies of the Nine Transcendents, also called the Jiu zhenren zhuan 九真人傳 ), 135 Nanyue jiu zhenren zhuan 南嶽九真人傳 (Biographies of the Nine Perfected of Nanyue), 11, , , , 179, 253, 353 Nanyue Rizhao 南嶽日照 ( ), Nanyue shengdi 南嶽聖帝, 326 Nanyue shiba gaoseng zhuan 南嶽十八高僧傳 (Biographies of the eighteen eminent monks of Nanyue), 12 13, 214, 222, passim, 255, 262 Nanyue si dachansi li shiyuan wen 南嶽思大禪師立誓願文 (Tract on the vow made by the great master [Hui]si of Nanyue), , 224, 226, 324, Nanyue sidashi biezhuan 南嶽思大師別傳 (Separate biography of the great master of Nanyue [Hui]si), 226 Nanyue Temple (Nanyue miao 南嶽廟 ), 3 4, 97, 100, 111, 119, 239, 245, 247, 250, 326, 348 Nanyue xiaolu 南嶽小錄 (Short record of Nanyue), 11, 92, 99, , , passim, passim Nanyue Xingming 南嶽行明 (fl. 900), 299 Nanyue Xuantai 南嶽玄泰 (fl. 880s), , 405 Nanyue Yuanguan 南嶽元觀 ( ), Nanyue zhi 南嶽志 (Gazeteer of Nanyue), 4, 101, 106, 111, 187, 231 Nanyue zongsheng ji 南嶽總勝集 (Record of the collected highlights of Nanyue; Collected Highlights), 2 3, 5, 93 95, 99, passim, , 315, , 331, 370, 400, 409; and Buddhism, 2, 13, 96 97, 213, 215, , 263, 265, , passim, 289, passim, 305 6, 311, , 347, 367, 388, 391; and Daoism, 2, 95, passim, passim, 153, , , passim, , 221, 347, , 360, 366; female Daoist in, , passim, 375; biography of Huisi, , 223; differences between Buddhist and Daoist versions, 3, 91 92, ; descriptions of Nanyue s physical landscape, 10, 24, , , , 350; Eighteen Eminent Monks in, 13,

15 Index , 245, 247, 250; on location of Nanyue, Nanzhen zhuan 南真傳 (Biography of the Southern Perfected), , 373 Naquin, Susan, 53 National teacher (guoshi 國師 ), 179, 246, 277 Neidan 內丹, see Inner Alchemy Neo-Confucian academies (shuyuan 書院 ), 19, 325 Nianfo 念佛 (Buddha mindfulness or recitation of the Buddha s name), 250, 279, 301 2, 305 6, , 405 Nine Perfected of Nanyue 南嶽九真人, 11, , passim, , 166, 182, 204, 353, 355 Nine precincts ( jiuzhou 九州 ), 35 37, 65 Nishiwaki Tsuneki 西脇常記, 300, 407 Niutou Farong 牛頭法融 ( ), 272 Niutou Huizhong 牛頭惠忠 ( ), 273, 381, 399 Nonary cosmography, 35 36, 337. See also Nine precincts Northern Sacred Peak (Hengshan 恒山 ), 26, 30, 36 37, 40 41, 44, 65, 80, 87, 156 Northern School of Chan, 259, ; shift to south, , Northern Thearch Cloister (Beidi yuan 北帝院 ), 164, 208 Offering ritual ( jiao 醮 ), 164, 365 Off the mountain faction (shanwai 山外 ), 228 One place with many names ( yidi duoming 一地多名 ), 58 One-practice samādhi, 181, 370 Oracle bones, 31 32, 37, 41, 336 Ōta Teizō, 152 Otagi Hajime, 198, 200 Ouyang Daolong 歐陽道隆 (d.u.), 135 Overmyer, Dan, 326 Owen, Stephen, 103 4, 286 Ox Head Chan (Niutou chan 牛頭禪 ), 260, 262, 270, , passim, , 312, 398, 408 Pan Lei 潘耒 ( ), 255, 394 Pan Shizheng 潘師正 ( ), 169 Pan Yi 潘鎰 ( jinshi 1521), 109 Pang jushi yulu 龐居士語錄 (Recorded sayings and poems of Layman Pang), 296 Pangu 盤古, 27 28, 47, 98 Paracelsus ( ), 21 Patriarchal father (zufu 祖父 ), 252 Peixiu 裴休 (787? 860), 282 Penkower, Linda, Perfected (zhen 真 ), 50, 129, 131, passim, 175, 186, 192, 197, 207, 211, 253, 319, 361 Perfected of Accumulating Wonders and Surpassing Perfection (Chaozhen jimiao zhenren 超真集妙真人 ), 147 Perfected of Brilliant Rays and Surprising Brightness (Baoguang ximing zhenren 葆光襲明真人 ), 142 Perfected of Primal Wonders Who Ascended to the Vacuity

16 496 Index (Chongxu yuanmiao zhenren 沖虛元妙真人 ), 142 Perfected Who Maintained Tranquility and Was Conveyed to the Vacuity (Zhixu shoujing zhenren 致虛守靜真人 ), 137 Perfected Who Observes the Wondrous and Penetrates Perfection (Tongzhen guanmiao zhenren 通真觀妙真人 ), 138 Perfected Who Soars in Harmony and Perceives Simplicity (Chonghe jiansu zhenren 沖和見素真人 ), 138 Petitions, 32, 145, 168, 170, Place (study of ), 1, 5 9, 14, 23 25, 28, 61 62, 90, 103 4, 150, 223, , passim Platform Sūtra, 272, 291 Poet-monks, passim Polishers (runse 潤色 ), 233 Porter, Deborah, 103, 349 Precepts, 216, 221, 244, , 263, 271, 281, 283, 293, 295, passim, 382, 407 Pu Hua 普化, 268 Puji 普寂 ( ), 264, , 398 Pure Land Buddhism, 11, 13, 97, 231, , , 279, 311, 313, 406; at Nanyue, 263, 301 6, 314, 391 Pure temples (qingmiao 清廟 ), 51, 158 Putuoluojia shan zhuan 普陀洛迦山傳 (Traditions of Mt. Potalaka), 91, 380 Putuo shan 普陀山, Pure Conduct Society (Jingxing she 淨行社 ), 237 Qi Song 契嵩 ( ), 295 Qian Mu 錢穆, 34 Qianfo song, see Quanzhou qianfo xinzhu zhuzushi song Qianshan 灊山 (or 潛山 ), 44, 58 60, 76 79, 85 88, 342 Qidu Peak (Qidu feng 耆闍峯 ) (or Gṛdhrakūṭa Peak), Qiji 齊己 (fl. 881), , 405 Qingcheng shan, 44, 169 Qingjing jing 清靜經 (Scripture of clarity and quiescence), 166 Qing wuyue chuzuo deng jun 請五岳儲佐等君 (Invoking the various assistants of the Five Sacred Peaks), 87 Qingxi shan Abbey 青溪山館, 129 Qingxiu wuyue ci 請修五嶽祠 (A request for reinstating rituals [at] the wuyue temples), 72 Qingyuan Xingsi 青原行思 (d. 740), 262, passim, , 401 Qiu Jingxian 丘景先, Qiyun shan 齊雲山, 55 Qu Wanli 屈萬里 ( ), 32, 37 Qu Yuan 屈原, 122 Quan Deyu 權德輿 ( ), 280 Quanhuo 全豁 (828 87), 300 Quanzhou qianfo xinzhu zhuzushi song 泉州千佛新著諸祖師頌 (Newly composed verses at the [Caves] of the Thousand Buddhas in Quanzhou on the various patriarchs and masters), 274, 297, 394 Queen Mother of the immortals (or Queen Mother of the West;

17 Index 497 Xiwang mu 西王母 ), , 195, 207, 362 Record of Linji (Linji lu 臨濟錄 ), 268 Regional Sacred Peaks ( fangyue 方嶽 ), 30, 34 Release of life ( fangsheng 放生 ), 242 Repentance (chanfa 懺法 ), , , 390, 392 Return, concept in Daoism and Buddhism, passim, 303, 311 Returning Goose Peak (Huiyan feng 迴贗峰 ), 124 Reverend Kim (Jin heshang 金和尚 or Wuxiang), Rites of Zhou, see Zhouli Riwu 日悟 ( ), 306, Robinet, Isabelle, 148, passim, 287, 373, 375, 377 Rudra, 267 Runse 潤色, see Polishers Sacred mountains, 5 10 passim, passim, 61, , 235, 321 Sacred peak ( yue 嶽 ) 1, 5, 10, 20, passim, 40 51, passim, 74 75, 87 89, 157, passim Saichō 最澄 ( ), passim, 307, 383, 385 Sakauchi Shigeo, 181 Samādhi of the radiance of fire (huoguang sanmei 火光三昧, Skt. eka-jvāli-bhūto dhyāyati), 246 Samantabhadra (Puxian 普賢 ), 53, 153, 243, 317, 389 Sanbōe 三寶繪 (The three jewels), 307 Sanda daochang 三大道場 (Three great seats of enlightenment), Sandong bijue 三洞祕訣 (Secret teaching of the three caverns), 172 Sandong bilu 三洞祕錄 (Secret registers of the three caverns), 170 Sandong falu 三洞法錄 (Methods and registers of the three caverns), 174 Sandong qunxian lu 三洞群仙錄 (Record of the host of transcendents of the three caverns), 137 Sandong yaolüe 三洞要略 (Essentials of the three caverns), 173 Sanhuang neiwen 三皇內文 (Inner script of the three sovereigns), 45 46, 137, 356 Sanlun, 261, 263, 390 Santian neijie jing 三天內解經 (Explanations of the essentials of the three heavens), 141, 354, 358 Sasaki Kōsei 佐々木功成, 302, 409 Satō Tatsugen 佐藤達玄, 307 Schafer, Edward, 35, 63, passim, 101, , 133, 191, 198, 211, 334, 354, 363, 377, 379, 407 Schama, Simon, 90, 339 Scholar-officials, 11, 19, , Scripture of the Yellow Court (Huangting jing 黃庭經 ), 141, 187 Sectarianism, 304, Seidel, Anna, 12, 43, , 184, 355

18 498 Index Sekiguchi Shindai 関口真大, 262, 390 Self-immolation, Sengchou 僧稠 ( ), 213 Sengshi 僧實 ( ), 213 Sengzhao 僧肇 ( ), 283, 288, 291 Sengzhao 僧照 (also referred to as Xinzhao 信照 ; fl. sixth century), 238, , 251, 389, 392 Shandao, 301, 406 Shanfu 善伏 (d. 660), 238, , , 391, 395 Shangqing 上清 Daoism, 12, 48 50, 80, 84, 129, 131, , , 149, 158, , 366; local lineage at Nanyue, 167, , 177, 253, 322; and women, , 188, 190, , 376 Shangqing daolei shixiang 上清道類事相 (Classified survey of Shangqing Daoism), 197, 377 Shangqing Registers of the Great Cavern (Shangqing dadong falu 上清大洞法籙 or Shangqing dadong bifa 上清大洞祕法 ), 171 Shangshu 尚書 (also Shujing 書經 ; Book of documents), 30, 65, 89 Shanhai jing 山海經 (Classic of mountains and rivers), 17, Shaolin si 少林寺, 260 Shen Taizhi 申泰芝 (fl. 713), , 370 Shen Yi 沈鎰 (fl. 1530s), Shengchang 省常 ( ), 237 Shengtian wang jing 勝天王經 (Suvikrāntavikrāmiparipṛcchā sūtra), 244, 250 Shengzhou ji 聖冑集 (Collection of the Sacred Heir), 298 Shenhui 神会 ( ), , 291, 406 Shenseng zhuan 神僧傳 (Biographies of divine monks), 225 Shenxian zhuan 神仙傳 (Biographies of divine transcendents), 147, 176, 191 Shenxiu 神秀 ( ?), 234, 260, 264, 267, 276 Shenying 神英, 275 Shicun 施存 (also known as Master Hufu 胡浮先生 or Wan Penzi 婉盆子 ;? 300), 129, , 356 Shiina Kōyū 椎名宏雄, 269, 283, 297 Shiji 史記 (Records of the historian), 9, 29 31, 33, 51, 60, 67 68, 76, 113 Shijing 詩經 (Book of odes), 9, 41, 64 65, 69 Shili 尸梨 (d.u.), 292, 294 Shimaji Daitō 島地大等, Shimen zhengtong 釋門正統 (Orthodox lineage of Buddhist teachings), 223, , 238, , passim, 389 Shimen zijing lu 釋門自鏡錄 (Record of [persons and events to be used as] mirrors by the disciples of Śākya), 249, 392 Shinohara, Koichi, Shishuang Qingzhu 石霜慶諸 (807 88), Shitong 史通 (Generalities on history), 95 Shitou Xiqian 石頭希遷 ( ), 108, 255, passim, 277, , 312, 317, 324,

19 Index 499 Shōren-in 青蓮院, 297 Short Record, see Nanyue xiaolu Shōtoku Taishi, 255, 393 Shrines to the perfected lords (zhenjun ci 真君祠 ), 51, 157 Shuai Zilian 率子廉 (d. 980), Shujing 書經 (also Shangshu 尚書 ; Book of documents), 30, 65, 89 Shun 舜, 30, 34, 63, 104 5, 112, 132, 315 Shunzong 順宗 (r. 805), , 247, 281, 294 Shuofu 說郛 (The domain of texts), 95 Shuyi ji 述異記 (Record of the telling of oddities), 27 Sichuan, 53, 73, 131, 260; connections to Nanyue, 91, 109, 169, 177, 215, , 355 Sikong Benjing 司空本淨 ( ), , 400 Sikṣānanda, 55 Sima Chengzhen 司馬承禎 ( ), 49 50, , , 177, 322, 366 Sima Qian 司馬遷 ( BCE), 10, 30 31, 60, 62, 122, 336 Smith, Jonathan Z., 7, 61 62, 339 Songgao 嵩高, passim, 40 41, 69, 87 Song gaoseng zhuan 宋高僧傳 (Biographies of eminent monks; comp. in the Song), 265, , passim, , passim, , 312 Songshan 嵩山, see Central Sacred Peak Songshu 宋書 (History of the Song), 74, Sōtō Zen 曹洞禅, 289 Soushen ji 搜神記 (Record of the search for spirits), 71, 121 Southern Bikṣuṇī Vinaya method (nanni jiefa 南尼戒法 ), 312, 409 Southern Sacred Peak (Nanyue 南嶽 : also called Hengshan 衡山 ) 2, 26, 30, 44, passim, , , , , ; and mythical topography, 11, 102 5; relationship to Huoshan, 37, 40 41, 58; movements of, 41, passim, 321; Zhurong feng 祝融峯, passim, 108, , ; Zigai feng 紫蓋峯, 99, , 166, 182; Yunmi feng 雲密峯, 99; Shilin feng 石廩峯, 99, 119, 269; Tianzhu feng 天柱峯, 99; stars above, , 235; religious efficacy of, , , ; Daoist history of, passim, passim, passim; Daoist geography of, ; Buddhist history of, passim, passim, 322 Southern School of Chan, Southern Terrace Dhyāna Monastery (Nantai chansi 南臺禪寺 ), 215, 282, 295 Soymié, Michel, 6, 61, , 331, 381 Spatial theory, 6 9, 23, 59, 61 62, , 333, 349, 410 Starobinski, Jean, Stein, Rolf A., 287, 382 Stevens, Wallace, 23 Stevenson, Dan, 229, 250, , 382, 390, 392, 405

20 500 Index Stone altars, 106, 139, 143, , 189, 326 Stone Drum Academy (Shigu shuyuan 石鼓書院 ), 111, 165 Strickmann, Michel, 63, 76, 78 81, 147, 152, 267, Stūpas, 93, , passim, , 282, passim, 300, passim, 391 Sumen shan 蘇門山, 134 Su Shi 蘇軾 ( ), 104 Sublime Mystery Abbey (Chongxuan guan 崇玄觀 ), 175 Sui Wendi 文帝 (r ), 61, 63, 85 Sukhu, Gopal, 113 Sun Deng 孫登 (d.u.), 134, 182, 354, 371 Sun Xingyan 孫星衍 ( ), 93 Śūraṇgama sūtra, 271 Sūtra in Forty-two Chapters, 92 Sūtra on the Merit of Bathing the Image [of the Buddha] (Yuxiang gongde jing 浴像功德經 ), 233 Suzuki Tetsuo 鈴木哲雄, , 284, 297, 395, 398 Syncretism, Tablet of official sanction (e 額 ), , 410 Taibo Guanzong 太白觀宗 ( ), 273, 277 Taiping guangji 太平廣記 (Wide gleanings from the Taiping era), 81, 117, 120, 176, 195, 199, 265, 375 Taiping yulan 太平御覽 (Imperially reviewed encyclopedia of the Taiping era), 49, 85, 106, 199, 375 Taishan 泰山, see Eastern Sacred Peak Taishang lingbao wufu xu 太上靈寶五符序 (Prefatory remarks on the most high numinous treasure five talismans), 140 Taixi jing 胎息經, 287 Taizong (r ), 50, , Tan Qiao 譚峭 (fl. tenth century), 134, , Tanaka Ryōshō 田中良昭, 298 Tang Changru, 73 Tang Yongtong 湯用彤, 237, 280 Tanguang 曇光 (d.u.), 271, 398 Tang Wangwu shan Zhongyan tai Zhengyi xiansheng miao jie 唐王屋山中巖臺正一先生廟碣 (Tang stele at the Temple of Master Zhengyi on Zhongyan Terrace of Mount Wangwu), 167 Tanjie 曇楷 (d.u.), 238, 390 Tanzang 曇藏 ( ), , 400 Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 ( ), 47, 85, 129, , , , 195, ; on location of Huoshan, 76, Teiser, Stephen, 327 Temples to the perfected lords (zhenjun miao 真君廟 ), 51, 157 Thales (ca BCE), 100 Three August Sovereigns (sanhuang 三皇 ), 94, 116 Three collections of pure precepts (sanshu jōkai 三聚淨戒 ), 308 Those Who Attained the Way [at Nanyue] in the Tang Dynasty (Tangchao dedao ren 唐朝得道人 ),

21 Index 501 Throwing the dragon slips (tou longjian 投龍簡 ), 50, , 165, 340, 363 Tian Liangyi 田良逸 (also known as Tian Xuying 田虛應 ; d. 811), 162, , 289 Tianhuang Daowu 天皇道悟 ( ), 274, 292, 294, 403 Tiantai Buddhism, 12 13, 83, , passim, 239, passim, , 276, 282, 302, 319, 322; lineage, 13, , 242, , 262, Tiantai shan 天台山 : and Daoist history, 44, 54 55, 76, passim, 92, 96, 161, , 189, 192, 201, 345; relationship to Nanyue, 172, 197, 203; and Buddhist history, , 226, 228, 230, 322, 385 Tiantai shan fangwai zhi 天台山方外志 (Gazetteer of Tiantai shan and its environs), 168 Tiantai shan ji 天台山記 (Record of Tiantai shan), passim, 91, 173, Tianwang Daowu 天王道悟, 294, 403 Tianzhu shan 天柱山, 58 60, 63, passim, 76 77, 83, 342 Tianzhu shan zhi 天柱山志 (Gazetteer of Heavenly Pillar Mountain), Tokiwa Daijō 常盤大定, 297 Tongxuan zhenjing 通玄真經 (Perfected scripture on penetrating the mysterious), 173 Tozaki Tetsuhiko 戸崎哲彦, 299 Tracing the radiance [emanating from the mind] back to its essence (huiguang fanzhao 迴光返照 ), 288, 402 Transcendents (xian 仙 ), 2, 11, 22 24, passim, passim, 157, 160, 179, passim, , 322 Transcendent Gou (Gou xiangu 緱仙姑 ; fl. ninth century), 202, passim Tsukamoto Zenryū 塚本善隆, 302, 304 Tuan, Yi-Fu, 18 Twelve provinces and twelve mountains, 35 Ui Hakuju, 275 Unity of the Three Teachings (sanjiao heyi 三教合一 ), Upper Cinnabar Field (shang dantian 上丹田 ), 134, 146 Vegetarianism, 242, Verellen, Franciscus, 349, 378 Vermilion Bird (Zhuque 朱雀 ), 101 2, 120, 122 Vermilion Lord (Chijun 赤君 ), 134, 177 Vermilion Thearch (Chidi jun 赤帝君 ), 118, 133 Vimalakīrti-nirdeśa sūtra (Jingming jing 淨名經 ), 244, 250 Vinaya, 13, 219, 259, 263, , 276, 283, , , 322, 391, Virtuous Woman (shannü 善女 ), Vow, see Nanyue si dachansi li shiyuan wen

22 502 Index Wang Daozong 王道宗 (d.u.), 174 Wang Lingyu 王靈輿 (? 512), 129, , , 217, 255, 301, 319, Wang Tao 王韜 ( ), 112 Wang Wei 王維 ( ), 286, 401 Wang Xianqiao 王仙嶠 (d. 759), 161, , 170, 366 Wang Yuanzhi 王遠知 (d. 635), Wanshan 皖山, 58, 342 Watch Officer Fan, , 375 Way of Great Peace (Taiping dao 太平道, 184 CE), 73 Way of Pacifying Spirits (anshen zhi dao 安神之道 ), 133 Way of the Bright Mirror (mingjing zhi dao 明鏡之道 ), 137 Way of the Mysterious Perfected (xuanzhen zhi dao 玄真之道 ), 137 Way of the Three Immaculates (sansu zhi dao 三素之道 ), 205 Wei Boyang 魏伯陽 (second century CE), 137, 286 Wei fashi 魏法師, Wei Huacun 魏華存 ( ), 12, 78 79, passim, 206, 373, Wei Ping 衛阝并, 167 Wei Si 維汜 (fl. 40 CE), 73 Weijing 惟勁 (fl. 907), 298, 300, 385 Weikuan 惟寬 ( ), 280, 400 Weinstein, Stanley, 261, 301, 306, 410 Weishan 溈山, 260 Weishan Lingyu 溈山靈祐 ( ), 260 Weiyan jing 微言徑 (Scripture of subtle words), 134 Welch, Holmes, 214 Wenxuan 文還 (Anthology of literature), Wenzi 文子 (Book of Master Wen), 173 Western Numinous Abbey, see Xiling guan Western Sacred Peak (Huashan 華山 ), 26, 30, 40, 65, 157, 185, 204, 356 White Lotus Society, 237 Wilson, Thomas, 253 Wright, Arthur, 151, 241, 252, 362, 384, 387, 394 Wu Xianzhong 吳憲忠 (d.u.), 271 Wu Zetian 武則天 ( ), 199, 233 Wudang shan 武當山, 55, 87, 348, 381; and Nanyue, 217, , 381, 399 Wuju 無住 (714 75), 260 Wupian zhenwen 五篇真文 (Perfect script in five tablets), 47 Wuran 無染 (d.u.), 310, 314 Wushang biyao 無上秘要 (The essence of the supreme secrets), , 356 Wushi 悟實 (d.u.), 238, 390 Wutai shan 五臺山, 1, 53 55, 96 97, 229, 275, 281, 302, 308, 346, 380, 405 Wuxi ji 武溪集 (Wu Creek collection), 293 Wuxiang 無相 (ca ), 260, 279. See also Reverend Kim Wuyi shan 武夷山, 55, 185 Wuyue 五嶽, see Five Sacred Peaks Wuyue chunqiu 吳越春秋 (The annals of Wu and Yue), 105 6, 110, 349

23 Index 503 Wuyue zhenxing tu 五嶽真形圖 (True forms of the Five Sacred Peaks), passim, 77, 84 88, 138, 141, 339 Wuyun 吳筠 (d. 788), 156 Wuzhi shan 五指山, 55 Wuzong (r ), Xiangzhong ji 湘中記 (Record of the Xiang [River] region), 95, 105 6, 111, 146, 155, 202, 205, 347, 360, 361 Xianzhuan shiyi 仙傳拾遺 (Uncollected biographies of transcendents), 117, 137, 202, 205, 362 Xianzong (r ), 211, 280, 396 Xiao Linghu 簫靈護 (d. 686), , 355 Xiao Wu 孝武 (r ), 74 Xiaojing gouming jue 孝經鈎命訣 (Secrets of probing fate in the Classic of Filial Piety), 43 Xiao Xiang 瀟湘 region, 97, 122 Xicao, Vinaya master (Xicao lüshi 希操律師 ; also known as Xishen 希深 ), 269, 295, 310, 312, Xidun 希遁 (d.u.), Xiling guan 西靈觀 (Western Numinous Abbey), 186, 188, 205, 378 Xiling shengmu 西靈聖母, 205, 378 Xindan jue 心丹訣 (Secrets of the mind elixir), 288, 402 Xing Bing 邢昺 ( ), Xiwang Mu 西王母, see Queen Mother of the immortals Xu Lingfu 徐靈府 (also known as Zhengjun 徵君 or Mo Xizi 默希子 ; ca ), 80, Xu Lingqi 徐靈期 (? 474), 85, 98 99, passim, 119, 129, 132, , 145, 153, 163, 178 Xuandi 宣帝 (r BCE), 68 Xuanjian 玄鑑 (Mysterious mirror), 173 Xuanwei lun 玄微論 (Treatise on the profound), 171, 367 Xuanzhu xinjing zhu 玄珠心鏡註 (Annotated mysterious peal of the mind mirror), Xuanzong (r ), 50, 147, , passim, 176, , 185, 204, , 278, 306, 340 Xuanzong (r ), 175, 284 Xu Baolin zhuan 續寶林傳 (Further chronicle of the Baolin [Monastery]), 298, 385 Xu gaoseng zhuan 續高僧傳 (Further biographies of eminent monks), 213, 223, , 248, , 263, 277, 307 Xu Xianzhuan 續仙傳 (Further biographies of transcendents), , 371 Xue Jichang 薛季昌 (d. 759), 161, passim, 289 Xue Youxi 薛幽棲 (or Xue Youqi) (fl ), , 367, 378 Xuefeng Yicun 雪峰義存 ( ), 298 Yamada Toshiaki, 178, 370 Yamazaki Hiroshi 山崎宏, 260, 384, 390 Yan Dong 嚴東 (fl. fifth century), 178 Yan Gengwang 嚴耕望, 19 Yan Shangwen 顏尚文, 260

24 504 Index Yan Zhenqing 顏真卿 (709 84), 81, , 374 Yandi 炎帝 (Flaming Thearch), 102, 105, passim, 132 Yanagida Seizan, 255, 261, , , 387, , 401, 403, 405, 409 Yang Cengwen 楊曾文, 297 Yang Shen 楊慎 ( ), 109 Yang Shiqiao 楊時喬 ( ), 109 Yang Tingguang 楊庭光, 278 Yang Xi 楊羲 (330 86), 12, 190, , 362 Yangluo shan 陽洛山, 192 Yangong 儼公, 309 Yaoshan Weiyan 藥山惟儼 ( ), 292, , 299, 312, 403 Yasui Kōzan 安居香山, 43 Ye Fashan 葉法善 ( ), 165 Yellow Roster Levee (huanglu zhai 黃籙齋 ), Yiben 義本 (fl. 689), 238, 249 Yihao 義顥 (d.u.), 238, 390 Yijing 義淨 ( ), 233, 303 Yijing 易經 (Book of changes), 22 Yin Daoquan 尹道全 (? 315), 129, Yin Jingtong 殷景童 (d. 758), Ying Shao 應劭 (ca. 140 ca. 206), 24 Ying Yijie 應夷節 (810 94), 170, 173 Yinhua lu 因話錄 (Notes made from conversations), 171 Yi Zhoushu 逸周書 (Remaining Zhou documents), 36 Yongcheng jixian lu 墉城集仙錄 (Record of the assembled transcendents of Yongcheng), , 379 Yong Tan 永曇, 108 Yoshikawa Tadao 吉川忠夫, 27 Youhuan jiwen 游宦紀聞 (Anecdotes of an official s life), 109 Yu 禹, Yü Chün-Fang, 53 Yuan Hongdao 袁弘道 ( ), 234 Yuan Jiao 袁郊 (fl. 868), 265, 396 Yuandi 元帝 (r ), 129, 136 Yuanjin 瑗津 (d.u.), passim Yuanshi wuliang duren shangpin miaojing sizhu 元始無量度人上品妙經四註 (Four commentaries on the Wondrous Scripture of the Upper Chapters on Limitless Salvation of Lingbao), 178 Yugong 禹貢 (Tribute of Yu), 36, 41, 89, 105, 110 Yujing 余靖 ( ), 293 Yuquan Monastery (Yuquan si 玉泉寺 ), , 276, 279, 303, 308 9, 312, 399 Yuelu Academy (Yuelu shuyuan 嶽麓書院 ), 109, 111 Yuelu Peak 嶽麓峰, 98 Yunfu shan shen xianweng zhuan 雲阜山申仙翁傳 (Biography of Shen, the transcendent old man from Mount Yunfu), 179 Yunji qiqian 雲笈七籤 (Seven lots from the bookbag of the clouds), 211, 378 Yuntai shan 雲台山, 44, 55 Zhang Daoling 張道陵 (d.u.), 135, 190, 192, 194, 355, 365, 375

25 Index 505 Zhang Heng 張衡 (zi Pingzi 平子 ; ), 124 Zhang Huilang 張惠朗 (also referred to as Zhang Huiming 張惠明 ), , 208, 365 Zhang Jiwen 張季文, 109 Zhang Shinan 張世南 (fl. 1230), 109 Zhang Shizhen 張始珍 (sometimes Zhang Ruzhen 張如珍 ;? 504), 129, , 204 Zhang Taikong 張太空 (also known as Zhang Taixu 張太虛 ; d. 773), 162, 176 Zhang Tanyao 張曇要 (? 494), 129, 142, 358 Zhang Zhengfu 張正甫 (752 83), , 280 Zhao Lin 趙璘 (fl. 844), 171 Zhao Ye 趙曄, 105 Zhaolun 肇論 (The discourses of [Seng]zhao), 283 Zhaoti Huilang 招捉慧朗 ( ) (also referred to as Dalang 大朗, Big Lang), Zhen gao 真誥 (Declarations of the perfected), 47, 78 79, 144, 164, passim, 373, 376 Zhengyi Registers, 174 Zhenlang 振朗 (d.u.; also referred to as Xiaolang 小朗, Little Lang), Zhicui 智璀 (? after 577), 213 Zhiju 智炬 (or Huiju 慧炬 ), 297 Zhikai 智鍇 ( ), 263 Zhikong Daojin 制空道進 (d.u.), 273, 277 Zhiming 智明 (fl. late seventh century), 238, 262, 271, Zhiming 知明 (d.u.), 306 Zhiwei 智威 ( ), 272, 278, 291 Zhiyi 智顗 (538 97), , 217, passim, passim, 263, 283, 307, 313, 315, 322, passim Zhiying 智潁, see Zhiyi Zhizhou 智周 (d.u.), 280 Zhizhou 智舟 (d.u.), 292, 295 Zhonghua chuanxindi chanmen shizi chengxi tu 中華傳心地禪門師資承襲圖 (Chart of the master-disciple succession of the Chan gate that transmits the mind-ground in China), 292 Zhongsun 重巽 (fl. late eighth early ninth century), Zhongzhi 仲剬, 299, 404 Zhou Huibian 周惠抃, 205, 207 Zhou Hunyu 周混汙 (d. 842), 162 Zhou Jingzhen 周靜真, master of Liang Wudi, 153 Zhou Ziliang 周子良 (sixth century), 78 Zhouli 周禮 (Rites of Zhou), passim, 51, 65 66, Zhoushi mingtong ji 周氏冥通記 (Master Zhou s records of his communications with the unseen), 78 Zhouyi cantong qi 周易參同契, , Zhuangzi, 271, 287, 381 Zhuanxu 顓頊, , 134 Zhuling Grotto Heaven (Zhuling dongtian 朱陵洞天 ), 130, 144, 160, 163, 204, 289, , 363 Zhulong 燭龍 (Flaming Dragon), 116

26 506 Index Zhuo Sou 拙叟, 93 Zhurong 祝融 (God of Fire), 105, , , 141, 221, 223, 321, Zhurong feng, see under Southern Sacred Peak Zhushu jinian 竹書紀年 (Bamboo annals), 34 Zhuyang Abbey 朱陽館, Ziyu Daotong 紫玉道通 (fl. 786), 292, 294 Zong Bing 宗炳 ( ), Zongmi 宗密 ( ), , 295 Zou Yan 騶衍 ( BCE), 35, 38 Zutang ji 祖堂集, passim, , passim, 403, 408 Zui miaosheng ding jing 最妙勝定經 (Sūtra of the most profound concentration), 216, 254, 381 Zuo Si 左思 (zi Taizhong 太沖 ) (ca. 250 ca. 305), 123 Zuozhuan 左傳 (Master Zuo s commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals), 33, 113, 117, 339 Zürcher, Erik, 52, 151, 237, 346, 410