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1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Apr. 2013, 21(4): DOI: /SP.J * 葛会敏 1,2 樊卫国 1,2** ( ; ) 采用盆栽方法, 在避雨透光棚内, 研究不同形态氮源及其配比 [NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=100 0( 硝酸钙 g 盆 1 ) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=75 25( 硝酸钙 g 盆 1, 碳酸氢铵 7.06 g 盆 1 ) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N= 50 50( 硝酸钙 g 盆 1, 碳酸氢铵 g 盆 1 ) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=25 75( 硝酸钙 g 盆 1, 碳酸氢铵 g 盆 1 ) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=0 100( 碳酸氢铵 g 盆 1 ) 尿素 g 盆 1 ] 对枳砧纽荷尔脐橙叶片光合速率 (P n ) 日变化光合色素含量叶片光补偿点和光饱和点的影响, 为柑橘的氮素营养及施肥管理提供科学依据结果表明 : NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 为处理的脐橙叶片中叶绿素 a(chl. a) 叶绿素 b(chl. b) 和类胡萝卜素 (Car.) 含量和全天 P n 都显著或极显著高于其他氮源配比处理, 上午 10:00 脐橙叶片的 P n T r WUE 和 G s 均是最高的, 极显著高于其他氮源处理, 其 P n T r WUE 和 G s 分别为 4.81 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s mmol(h 2 O) m 2 s 和 0.09 mol m 2 s 1 随着 NH + 4 -N 比例的增加, 脐橙叶片中 Chl. a Chl. b 和 Car. 的含量与 P n T r WUE 和 G s 均逐渐下降 100% NO 3 -N 处理的脐橙叶片 P n 也极显著低于 NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 为处理, 其 P n 仅为 3.53 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 1 单一尿素氮处理( 施用 g 盆尿素 ) 的脐橙叶片中 Chl. a Chl. b Car. 和 P n 含量最低, 其 P n 为 3.07 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1, 与单纯施用 NH + 4 -N 处理无显著性差异不同氮源处理的 1 脐橙叶片光饱和点和光补偿点均无显著性差异, 其值分别维持在 μmol m 2 s 和 μmol m 2 s 1 左右 NO 3 -N 和 NH + 4 -N 混合比例为时有利于提高纽荷尔脐橙 P n 纽荷尔脐橙石灰性黄壤氮形态光合响应光合色素 : S666.4 : A : (2013) Effects of nitrogen forms and ratios on photosynthetic characteristics of Newhall navel orange in calcareous yellow soils GE Hui-Min 1,2, FAN Wei-Guo 1,2 (1. Guizhou Fruit Engineering Technology Research Centre, Guiyang , China; 2. Research Institute for Fruit Resources in Karst Mountain Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang , China) Abstract A pot experiment was conducted in a rain-light shad to provide scientific basis for citrus nitrogen nutrient and fertilizer management via analysis of the effects of different nitrogen forms and ratios [NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N at (CaNO 3 4H 2 O g pot 1 ), NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N at (CaNO 3 4H 2 O g pot 1 and NH 4 HCO g pot 1 ), NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N at (CaNO 3 4H 2 O g pot 1 and NH 4 HCO g pot 1 ), NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N at (CaNO 3 4H 2 O g pot 1 and NH 4 HCO g pot 1 ), and NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N at (NH 4 HCO g pot 1 or CO(NH 2 ) g pot 1 )]. Also the daily changes in photosynthetic rates (P n ), photosynthetic pigments (Chal. a, Chl. b, Car.) contents, light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) of Newhall navel orange grafted in trifoliate orange were analyzed. The results showed that under the mixed dose of NO 3 -N and NH + 4 -N at the ratio of 75 25, contents of Chl. a, Chl. b and Car. and P n were significantly higher than those under other nitrogen sources treatments. P n, T r, WUE and G s of Newhall navel orange at 10:00 reached highest values with 4.81 * (05BA901A04) (GZ ) ( ) ( ) ** : (1958 ),,, wgfan@gzu.edu.cn (1987 ),,, woshixiaomaoke@163.com : :

2 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1, 2.30 mmol(h 2 O) m 2 s 1, 2.09 and 0.09 mol m 2 s 1, respectively. The contents of Chl. a, Chl. b and Car., and P n, T r, WUE and G s all decreased with increasing NH + 4 -N/NO 3 -N ratio. Under sole NO 3 -N (NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=100 0), P n was 3.53 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1, significantly lower than that under mixed NO 3 -N and NH + 4 -N dose (NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=75 25). Under the sole CO(NH 2 ) 2, the contents of Chl. a, Chl. b and Car. and P n were lowest, and P n was only 3.07 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1. No significant differences were noted in Newhall navel orange P n under the sole NH + 4 -N and CO(NH 2 ) 2. Also no significant differences were noted in LCP and LSP of Newhall navel orange among different nitrogen resources treatments. Both points were respectively maintained at μmol m 2 s 1 and μmol m 2 s 1. Mixed dose of NO 3 -N and NH + 4 -N at the ratio of was beneficial to Newhall navel orange in terms of P n improvement. Key words Newhall navel orange, Calcareous yellow soil, Nitrogen form, Photosynthesis response, Photosynthetic pigment (Received Aug. 21, 2012; accepted Nov. 22, 2012) ph [1] NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N,, [2],, [3] [4] [5 6] [6] [7] [8] [6,9] [10 12] [13] [14] [15 16],, NO 3 -N (Citrus reticulata) [7] ; Serna [17],, NH + 4 -N [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck] P Mg Fe ; [18], 1 CO 2, NO 3 -N, (C. grandis) P n CO 2 P n ; NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N P n CO 2 P n, CO 2, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N [19], [20],, (C. reticulata) NH + 4 -N Fe,, NO 3 -N ; Wallace [21],, NH + 4 -N, NO 3 -N;, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N [22],, ph [23], ph 8.10,, 1 材料与方法 1.1 NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=100 0 NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N= , NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=25 75 NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=50 50 NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N= , , ph 8.10, g kg 1, mg kg 1, 1.30 mg kg 1, 86 mg kg 1, 325 mg kg 1, mg kg 1, 4.43 mg kg 1, mg kg 1, 0.29 mg kg 1, 1.81 mg kg 1, mg kg 1, 4.62 mg kg 1, 1.01 g kg 1, g kg 1, 4.52 g kg 1, g kg 1, 7.48 g kg cm 25 cm, 20 kg 250 mg(n) kg 1 ( ), 25 mg(p 2 O 5 ) kg 1 ( ), 0.29 mg(k 2 O) kg 1 ( ), Hoagland [24] 1 a ph 8.10 ( 16.47%), ( 17.70%), ( 46.67%), (P 2 O 5 16%),

3 4 : 403 (K 2 O 50%) 1.3, 3, mg(n) kg 1 ( ), 5 g NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=100 0( g) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=75 25( g, 7.06 g) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=50 50( g, g) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=25 75( g, g) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N= 0 100( g) g 6, , 40% ( ), Licro-6400 (P n ), 2 h 1, 3, 3, Licro-6400 (Licro B ) (μmol m 2 s 1 ) , 3, P n P n [25 26],, P n =αip max /(αi+p max ) R d,, P n [μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ], α, P max [μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ], R d [μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ], α, βp 2 P(αI+P)+αIP,, P [μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ], β β=0,, β 0, P n =P R d, P n = αi+p max [(αi+p max ) 2 4αβIP max ] 1/2 /2 β R d, α P max R d [ P n =0 I, : μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ], [27] a(chl. a) b(chl. b) (Car.), Chl. a+b [Chl.(a/b)] (WUE) [28] 1.5 Excel 2003 DPSv 结果与分析 2.1 1, ph 8.10 P n, P n 100%, P n 8:00 12:00 14:00 18:00 P n P n 10:00 16:00 P n,, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N P n, 4.81 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1, 图 1 不同氮源及其配比下纽荷尔脐橙光合速率的日变化 Fig. 1 Diurnal changes of photosynthetic rate of Newhall navel orange with different nitrogen forms and ratios : NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=100 0; : NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=75 25; : NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=50 50; : NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=25 75; : NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N= 0 100; : g 1 Urea g pot 1. The same below. NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N, NH + 4 -N, P n NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N P n, P n, 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 P n 1.70 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N P n NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N P n, P n 2.2 P n T r WUE G s 10:00, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N P n T r WUE G s, 4.81 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s

4 mmol(h 2 O) m 2 s mol m 2 s 1 ( 2); P n, P n T r WUE G s 3.07 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s mmol(h 2 O) m 2 s mol m 2 s 1, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N , Chl. a Chl. b Car., NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car., 3.20 mg g mg g mg g mg g 1, ; NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 50 50,, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N Chl. (a/b) Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car., 1.60 mg g mg g mg g mg g 1 100%NH + 4 -N Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car., Chl. (a/b) Chl. (a/b), Chl. a, Chl. b Chl. a, 100%NH + 4 -N 100% Chl. (a/b), P n 2.4 P n PAR P n PAR, r 0.69,, P n 4.85 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ( 4), 100%NO 3 -N PAR 500~1 000 μmol m 2 s 1, P n 1.15~4.85 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1, ( 4) PAR 500~1 000 μmol m 2 s 1 P n, 2.14~5.03 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ( 4), NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N P n, 5.03 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ( 4) PAR 10 μmol m 2 s 1 P n, P n PAR, 图 2 晴天上午 10:00 不同形态氮源及其配比对纽荷尔脐橙 P n T r WUE 和 G s 的影响 Fig. 2 Effect of different nitrogen forms and ratios on the P n, T r, WUE, G s of Newhall navel orange at 10: , Different capital and small letters indicate significant difference at 0.01 and 0.05 levels respectively. The same below.

5 4 : 405 Fig. 3 图 3 不同形态氮源及其配比对纽荷尔脐橙叶绿素含量的影响 Effect of different nitrogen forms and ratios on the photosynthetic pigment content of Newhall navel orange 图 4 不同形态氮源及其配比对纽荷尔脐橙叶片光响应曲线的影响 Fig. 4 Effect of different nitrogen forms and ratios on the response curves of photosynthetic rate to light intensity in leaves of Newhall navel orange

6 , 1, μmol m 2 s μmol m 2 s 1, PAR 900 μmol m 2 s 1, P n, 3 讨论,,, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N, ph, [1,4,5,8,10],, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 75 25, P n T r WUE G s, P n, Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car. NH + 4 -N,, Ca 2+ Mg 2+ K + Fe 2+ Zn 2+ [12] NH + 4 -N 50%, P n T r WUE G s, Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car. ;, NH + 4 -N, NH + 4 -N, [29 30],, NH + 4 -N, NH + 4,,,, CO 2, P n,, P n [22],, NH + 4 -N NO 3 -N,,, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N P n P n [11], (Chardonnay grape),,,, 70 30, ;, [31] (Fraxinus mandshurica), NH + 4 -N NO 3 -N,, NH + 4 -N, P n,,, P n,, P n, [32] (Quercus mongolica), Chl. (a/b),, P n P n Chl. (a/b), P n,,,, P n, NH + 4 -N NO 3 -N P n, 4 结论, P n, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 75 25, P n T r WUE G s, P n, Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car. NH + 4 -N, P n T r WUE G s, Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car., P n T r WUE G s, Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car. 参考文献 [1],. [M]. :, 2003: Liao H, Yan X L. Senior plant nutrition[m]. Beijing: Science Press, 2003: [2],,,. [J]., 2003, 20(1): 54 58

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