Microsoft Word - 24 母丹利

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Microsoft Word - 24 母丹利"

炜苏
7 years ago
Views:

1 44 4 Vol.44, No OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Jul., 2013 (Phascolosoma esculenta) * ( ; ),,,,,, ;,, ; ; ; ; Q253 (Sipunculid),, 300,,,,, 1/4 1/2 (Phascolion) (Onchesoma)(Cytler, 1994) (Ruppert et al, 1988), (Oglesby, 1981);, (Adrianov et al, 2002) Phascolosoma granulatum (Serrano et al, 1989, 1991, 1993) Thysanocardia nigra (Adrianov et al, 2002), Thysanocardia nigra (Phascolosoma esculenta), (, 2007, 2008, 2012;, 2009;, 2011; Ying et al, 2009) (, 2004;, 2007;, 2008; Wang et al, 2010; Su et al, 2010),,,, 1 1.1, g,, ,,, 1.2.2, *, 2011C12013 ;, 013-D , @163.com; :, linli.313@163.com;, mml5220@126.com :,, zhujunquan@nbu.edu.cn : , :

2 4 : (Phascolosoma esculenta) 997, Holland-Bouin,,, ( 6 8 m), H-E,, Olympus BX % (4 ), 1% 2h (4 ),,, S-3400N % 2 3h (4 ) 1% 4 2 3h,, Epon 812, LKB-,, H ,,,,,, ( 1);,,,,,, ( 2) 2.2, ( 3a, b, e, f, g), 1 ( 3e, Fig.1 Internal anatomy of P. f) esculenta An. ; DRM. ; I. ; In. ; M. ; NC. ; NE. ; OE. ; VRM., ;,, ( 3b); ( 3c, h), ( 3b), ( 3a d) ( 3b) ( 3d) Fig.2 Diagram of, nephridium in P. esculenta ES. ; ET., ; MT. ; NP. ( 4a, b);, ; NS. ; UL., ( 4d, e);,,, ( 4a, c, e, f),,,, ( 4c, d; 5a), ( 5c);, 9+2, ( 5b),,, ( 5d, e) 2.2.2,, ( 6a, b);, ( 6c, d),

3 海 998 洋与湖沼 44 卷面有微绒毛及纤毛伸入内腔中(图 6c) 另外, 瓶形突起处的上皮细胞之间存在间隙, 与内腔相通, 其内充满微绒毛, 因此也称之为微绒毛通道(图 6d); 有的通道延伸至瓶形突起基底部达细胞外基质图4 Fig.4 a. 柱状上皮细胞顶部切面, 示细胞表面的微绒毛与纤毛细胞质内的线粒体内质网囊泡及颗粒; b. 柱状上皮细胞上部切面, 示细胞表面的微绒毛与纤毛细胞质内的颗粒细胞侧面的紧密连接; c. 柱状上皮细胞中上部切面, 示细胞质内的线粒体囊泡及颗粒; 细胞与细胞之间的微绒毛通道; d. 柱状上皮细胞中下部切面, 示细胞核与核仁细胞与细胞之间的微绒毛通道; e. 柱状上皮细胞中下部切面, 示细胞核高尔基体; f. 图 e 放大, 示高尔基体囊泡环形片层 AL. 环形片层; 图3 可口革囊星虫肾管的组织学及扫描电镜观察 Fig.3 G. 高尔基体; LG. 大颗粒; N. 细胞核; NU. 核仁; M. 线粒体; MCV. 微绒毛通道; MV. 微绒毛; TJ. 紧密连接; VE. 囊泡 Histological and scanning electron microscopical observation of a. 肾管排泄管区横切面, 示柱状上皮肌层瓶形突起; b. 图 a 局部放大, 示柱状上皮肌层瓶形突起瓶形突起内腔及维之间为细胞外基质(图 7a) 肌纤维内部主要由肌原通道; c. 肾管局部纵切面, 示柱状上皮肌层; d. 肾管排泄囊纤维组成, 细胞质(即肌浆)及细胞核被挤至边缘; 肌区纵切面, 示柱状上皮肌层细胞外基质; e. 肾管排泄囊前端表面, 示瓶形突起; f. 肾管排泄管区表面; g. 图 f 放大, 示瓶形突起及纤毛; h. 肾管横断面, 示柱状上皮及瓶形突起 AP. 肌层嵌在细胞外基质中, 肌纤维与肌纤纤维表面有囊状突起, 称之为肌质囊, 内含肌浆线粒体及电子致密小颗粒(图 7b, c) 细胞外基质主要由粗细较均匀的胶原原柱状细胞顶端; CA. 瓶形突起通道; CEM. 柱状上皮; CM. 环肌; CI. 纤毛; EM. 细胞外基质; FI. 瓶形突起; LF. 瓶形突起纤维构成, 胶原原纤维相互交织形成网状结构, 此种内腔; LM. 纵肌; ML. 肌层结构类似于分子筛(图 6e, f; 图 7d) 可观察到粒细胞

4 4期母丹利等: 可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)肾管的显微及超微结构特征 999 小的裂缝, 接触处有横膈膜(double diaphragms)结构 (图 8c f) 3 讨论本研究表明, 可口革囊星虫肾管由排泄囊及排泄管组成, 外表面具瓶形突起, 内部结构上由上皮层肌层细胞外基质及外膜构成, 上皮层分柱状上皮及立方上皮, 上皮细胞游离面着生微绒毛及纤毛; 肌层由纵肌及环肌组成; 细胞外基质是由胶原原纤维交织而成的网状结构; 外膜由足细胞与多纤毛细胞构成据研究, Thysanocardia nigra 星虫的肾管排泄囊区无瓶形突起结构, 细胞外基质层较厚, 具多纤毛细胞及足细胞组成的外膜; 但排泄管区有瓶形突起图5 Fig.5 a. 微绒毛通道切面, 示微绒毛及纤毛; b. 微绒毛通道切面, 示纤毛从基体发出, 基体由小根固定; c. 柱状上皮细胞束之间的瓶形突起通道切面, 示微绒毛及纤毛; d. 柱状上皮细胞底部切面, 示质膜内陷形成基底迷路; e. 柱状上皮细胞切面, 示基底迷路内的线粒体 CR. 纤毛小根; BB. 基体; BL. 基底迷路存在于细胞外基质中, 粒细胞的形态不规则, 胞质中含有丰富的电子致密大颗粒, 还含有线粒体电子致密小颗粒等(图 7e) 外膜细胞外基质层外由多纤毛细胞及足细胞包被, 称之为外膜; 多纤毛细胞与足细胞之间具图6 间隙多纤毛细胞呈扁平形, 核所在的中央部分较厚, 边缘部分较薄, 核形态不规则(图 7f); 细胞外表面具纤毛束结构, 纤毛周围有许多微绒毛; 胞质中含有电子致密小颗粒及圆形电子致密大颗粒, 线粒体发达 (图 8a, b) 足细胞也呈扁平形, 向四周延伸出突起包绕在基质层外; 细胞核形态不规则, 细胞质中含有线 Fig.6 a. 瓶形突起处切面, 示立方上皮细胞; b. 瓶形突起处切面, 示两个瓶形突起侧面的多纤毛细胞与足细胞; c. 瓶形突起处切面, 示立方上皮细胞内的线粒体及颗粒瓶形突起内腔中的纤毛及微绒毛; d. 瓶形突起处切面, 示立方上皮细胞内的囊泡及颗粒细胞之间的微绒毛通道; e. 瓶形突起处切面, 示立粒体囊泡电子致密大颗粒及小颗粒; 足细胞表面方上皮细胞及细胞外基质; f. 非瓶形突起处切面, 示细胞外基无微绒毛及纤毛, 相邻足细胞突起相互交错, 其间有质足细胞及多纤毛细胞 MCE. 多纤毛细胞; PCE. 足细胞

5 海 1000 洋与湖沼 44 卷方上皮细胞的胞质中有发达的细胞器颗粒和囊泡, 其合成分泌及重吸收功能较强(Serrano et al, 1990, 1991); 微绒毛结构扩大了上皮细胞表面积, 有利于对肾管腔的初级滤液进行重吸收; 柱状上皮细胞的基底迷路结构和线粒体的聚集现象与离子和有机分子的主动运输相关(Adrianov et al, 2002) 根据可口革囊星虫肾管的结构特点, 推测体腔液的过滤排泄可能有两条途径一是在肾管的瓶形突起处, 体腔液通过足细胞突起之间的间隙及横膈膜细胞外基质层立方上皮细胞之间的微绒毛通道进行过滤, 滤液进入瓶形突起内腔瓶形突起管道肾管腔; 二是在肾管的非瓶形突起处(即瓶形突起图7 Fig.7 a. 肌肉组织切面, 示肌纤维; b. 肌纤维纵切面, 示肌原纤维线粒体肌质囊; c. 肌纤维横切面, 示肌原纤维; d. 细胞外基质层切面, 示胶原原纤维; e. 细胞外基质层切面, 示粒细胞; f. 瓶形突起处切面, 示细胞外基质及多纤毛细胞 MF. 肌原纤维; SP. 基质囊结构, 突起的外表面只被一薄层细胞外基质, 无多纤毛细胞, 足细胞只分布在瓶形突起之间的皱褶里; Phascolosoma agassizii 星虫肾管瓶形突起处的细胞外基质层较厚, 表面覆盖外膜(Adrianov et al, 2002) 本研究的可口革囊星虫肾管外表面均具瓶形突起, 排泄管区瓶形突起比排泄囊区瓶形突起密集, 瓶形图8 突起的内层为上皮, 中间层为细胞外基质, 外层为足形突起结构基本相似肾管的形态结构与其对体腔液 a. 多纤毛细胞, 示线粒体微绒毛及纤毛; b. 多纤毛细胞, 示的过滤排泄功能相适应, 足细胞突起之间的间隙及细胞核线粒体颗粒微绒毛及纤毛; c. 瓶形突起处切面, 示细胞及多纤毛细胞, 与 Phascolosoma agassizii 星虫瓶横膈膜结构对体腔中的物质有选择性通透作用 (Serrano et al, 1989); 细胞外基质层起到过滤屏障分子筛的作用(Bartolomaeus et al, 2005); 柱状上皮及立 Fig.8 细胞外基质及足细胞; d. 非瓶形突起处切面, 示细胞外基质及足细胞; e. 非瓶形突起处切面, 示细胞外基质足细胞突起及间隙; f. 瓶形突起处切面, 示细胞外基质足细胞突起及横膈膜 PP. 足细胞突起; DD. 横膈膜

6 4 : (Phascolosoma esculenta) 1001 ), ( ),, (Adrianov et al, 2002),,,,,, (, 2007;, 2009),,,,,,, (, 2008; Ying et al, 2010),,,, , 54(1): ,,, (Phascoloma esculenta)., 39(3): ,,, (Phascolosoma esculenta)., 43(4): ,,, , 53(4): ,,, , 54(2): ,,, (Phascolosoma esculenta)., 42(1): ,,, , 29(4): ,,, (Phascolosoma esculenta)., 40(3): ,,, ( ), 17(4): Adrianov A V, Maiorova A S, Malakhov V V, Microscopic anatomy and ulfastructure of nephridium in the Sipunculan Thysanocardia nigra Ikeda, 1904 from the sea of Japan. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 28(1): Bartolomaeus T, Quast B, Structure and development of nephridia in Annelida and related taxa. Hydrobiologia, 179: Cytler E B, The Sipunculida: Their Systematics, Biology, and Evolution. New York: Cornell University Press, Oglesby L C, Volume regulation in aquatic invertebrates. Experimental Zoology, 215: Ruppert E E, Smith P R, The functional organization of filtration Nephridia. Biological Reviews, 63: Serrano T, Angulo E, Mateo A et al, The fine structure of the Nephridial Coelothelium of Phascolosoma granulatum (Leuckart, 1828) (Sipuncula, Phascolosomatidae). Zeitschrift für mikroskopisch-anatomische Forschung (Leipzig), 103: Serrano T, Angulo E, Mateo A et al, Fine structure of the Nephridial muscle layer cells of Phascolosoma granulatum (Sipunculida). Morphology, 217: Serrano T, Angulo E, Moya J, Histochemistry and ultrastructure of the Nephridial granular cell of Phascolosoma granulatum (Leuckart, 1828) (Sipuncula). Biological Structures and Morphogenesis, 3: Su X R, Du L L, Li Y Y et al, Cloning and expression of HSP70 gene of sipuncula Phascolosoma esculenta. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 28(3): Wang M Q, Su X R, Li Y et al, Cloning and expression of the Mn-SOD gene from Phascolosoma esculenta. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 29(5): Ying X P, Dahms H U, Liu X M et al, Development of germ cells and reproductive biology in the sipunculid Phascolosoma esculenta. Aquaculture Research, 40: Ying X P, Sun X, Wu H X et al, The fine structure of coelomocytes in the sipunculid Phascolosoma esculenta. Micron, 41(1): 71 78

7 MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF NEPHRIDIUM IN THE SIPUNCULAN PHASCOLOSOMA ESCULENTA UNDER LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY MU Dan-Li 1, LONG Ling-Li 1, LU Ming-Ming 1, ZHU Jun-Quan 1, DING Li-Fa 2 (1. Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ; 2. Wenling Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Wenling, ) Abstract Morphological characteristics of nephridium in sipunculan Phascolosoma esculenta were observed by light and electron microscopy. The consists of excretory sac and excretory tube, with the flask-shaped infoldings on the external surface. The nephridial wall is constructed of epithelium, muscle layer, extracellular matrix and adventitia. The epithelium is differentiated into simple columnar cells arranged into bunches facing the lumen of the nephridium and simple cubical cells that line the lumens of the flask-shaped infoldings. The cytoplasm of the epithelial cells contains well-developed organelles and numerous granules of different sizes, shapes, and electron-densities, while the free surface bears microvilli and cilia. The basal labyrinth is formed by invagination of the basal membrane of columnar cells. Muscle layer is comprised of circular and longitudinal muscles. Granulocytes are present in the extracellular matrix, which is made up of collagen fibrils. Adventitia is composed of the system of podocytes and multiciliary cells. The nephridium opens to the outside via a nephropore and into the coelomic cavity via a nephrostome. These structural features of the nephridium acting as a gonoduct during the spawning period are coincident with its functions of filtration and excretion. Key words Phascolosoma esculenta; nephridium; microstructure; ultrastructure; function

Microsoft Word 曹伏君_new_.doc

Microsoft Word 曹伏君_new_.doc 45 2 Vol.45, No.2 2014 3 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Mar., 2014 (Lethrinus erythropterus) * ( 524025) Wright (Lethrinus erythropterus),,,, ; ; ; Q954.56 doi: 10.11693/hyhz20140100011 (Lethrinus erythropterus)