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影鱼
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6 Abstract The marriage system is a kind of social system that regularizes men and women two sexual behaviors and family relation, it affects everybody in the society. It is situated on the surface of the society life, and is a social indicator of the social change. Therefore, the problem of marriage system becomes one of the important projects within social history researches. This text gives its focus on the great change of Hebei Province s marriage and family in the reform of marriage system in , it comprises foreword and 5 chapters. The foreword primarily introduces the meaning of this project, scholarship history, the theories and methods of research, the reasons of the choosing Hebei Province, and the data. Chapter 1, it primarily introduces the background before the reform of the marriage system. Hebei Province was located in the center district of the feudal king's dynasty for a long period, and suffers the influence of traditional ethics thought deeply. Before the reform of the marriage system from 1950 to 1956, there were primarily 3 kinds of marriage systems in Hebei Province. The first, the traditional marriage system, it has a few features: namely mercenary marriage and marriage upon arbitrary decision by a third party, unequal of man and woman, ignore the son and daughter benefits. It remained predominant position in the whole province. The second, the bourgeois improved marriage system, formally the equality of man and women, and marriage freedom, but in practice it reserved a great quantity of feudalism remains. The third, the new democratic marriage system, it really realizes the sexual equality and marriage freedom. However, these marriage systems were primarily used in the different area. The traditional marriage system occupied the absolute predominant position in the whole province, and the bourgeois improved marriage system was limited in the social upper level in town and the capitalism economy developed area, the new democratic marriage system was practiced in the liberation area. Because there were mostly the old liberation area of revolution, many awakened people and peaceably situation in Hebei Province, when the land reform had been completed in 1948, the marriage and family dispute flowed out, and there were a lot of the cases of women commit suicide and be killed. The troubles of the marriage and family became a serious social problem that obstructed seriously the stability of society and the 3

7 economy's development, so 1t was urgent very much to reform the old marriage system. Chapter 2, it introduces the content of the new marriage system and the reform process of Hebei Province s marriage system. When the People s Republic of China was established in October 1949, the Chinese society came into a period of transition in which the old order was demolished and the new order was set up. The marriage law of the People s Republic of China came into force upon promulgation on the first of may 1950, it indicated the establishing of the new democratic marriage system, and provided the law basis and target for the reform of the marriage system. The traditional marriage system had been reformed extensively and deeply by the publicity of the marriage law in Hebei Province. In 1956 the feudal marriage system was destroyed, and the new democratic marriage system was established by means of the study and publicity of the marriage law, the month of carrying through the marriage law and usually carry through the marriage law. Chapter 3 and 4, it primarily analyzes how the common people was affected by the reform of the marriage system, and studied what took place in the people s marriage and family life. Such as, on the social idea, the feudal idea, which the women is lowly and the man is respected, the three obedience and the four virtues" etc, was gradually collapsed. The modern idea, which the right of men and women is equal, marriage freedom, etc, was gradually set up. Women had the right to take part in freely every kind of social activity. The marriage purpose that was for the family changed into for individual, the purpose of the marriage offer a sacrifices to an ancestor and give birth to children was replaced by looking for the individual s common life and work companion. The idea of marriage according to be well-matched in social and economic status expanded to choose a spouse by the politics, labor, affection, etc. The marriage way of arrange a match by parents order and on the matchmaker s word had been changed, the people has much or fully right to marriage by themselves. The feudal idea began to change very much that women must only marry a man in her life and preserve chastity after the death of her husband, women s divorce and remarry become the normal phenomenon. Moreover, the bad habits and undesirable customs of the traditional marriage system, for example, early marriage, children wife, bigamy, take concubine, sexual behavior outside conjugal relation, etc, had been abolished on the whole. On the marriage procedure, the traditional six ceremonies with asking the gods for an oracle had been changed very 4

8 much, and the simplification's civilization wedding was gradually practiced, and the system of registration of marriage had been established, the traditional de facto marriage had changed into legal marriage. On the family relation, the feudal patriarchal system gradually die down, and on the whole the family members enjoyed treatment equally, some old family had been reformed to be the modern style family which is democracy and harmony. Especially women had the equal position of the right of men in her family, and even some women had acquired the power to make decisions of the important family business. But the marriage system reform was not perfect, there were a lot of the influence of the traditional marriage system in the society, such as the women property problem, maltreat children, and abandonment of the old man, etc. Chapter 5, it is a conclusion of the text, and the achievement and defects of the reform are respectively sum up and analyzed in it. In my view, the reform of the marriage system in Hebei Province has mainly succeeded, the new marriage system has been established by the politics and the marriage law. The transform of the marriage system is restricted basically by the mode of production. But the productivity in was not got outstanding development, the individual producer predominated in the society. In addition, the influence of the traditional marriage system remained in the people thought, etc. So the new marriage system had been just completed, and was not perfect. In a word, the reform of the marriage system in Hebei Province was gone into the midst of the common people and the most grass-roots units by way of the movement. The traditional marriage system was replaced by the modern marriage system, and the common people s marriage and family life had been changed very much, the new social vogue had been set up, and it furthered the politics, the economy and the society life in Hebei Province. Key Words: Early stage of the People s Republic of China Heibei Province Marriage system Reform Research 5

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~ ~ ~ 36 4 2015 385 ~ 397 The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology Vol. 36 No. 4 2015 1951 ~ 1956 100049 100190 1951 ~ 1966 1951 ~ 1956 N092 P62-092 A 1673-1441 2015 04-0385-13 1951 ~ 1966