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1 Invasive Alien Species Monitoring and Management in China Xu Jing Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

2 Table of Contents IAS Management & Monitoring Statues Examples: National IAS Investigations Constraints & Problems

3 Background Article 7. Identification and Monitoring (c) Identify processes and categories of activities which have or are likely to have significant adverse impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and monitor their effects through sampling and other techniques; and (d) Maintain and organize, by any mechanism data, derived from identification and monitoring activities pursuant to subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) above. Article 8. In-situ Conservation (h) Prevent the introduction of, control or eradicate those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species;

4 Background Transportation Nature distribution

5 IAS Management Mechanisms China IAS Core Principle Pre-prevention Prevention & Controlling Government sectors organize IAS prevention & controlling according theirs duty Organizations National Invasive Alien Species Prevention & Controlling Working Group Members: Ministry of Science & Technology (MST), Ministry of, Ministry of Agriculture (MA), Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), State Customs, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ), State Oceanic Administrative (SOA), the Chinese Young Pioneers Working Committee (CYPWC)

6 IAS Management Mechanisms Legislations 7 Laws: Agriculture Seeds, Grasslands Protection, Marines, Wild Animals, Plant Quarantine, Customs, etc. 9 National Legislations: livestock, lands & aquatic wild animals, experimental animals, wild plants, endangered species export, LMOs, species quarantine, etc. 41 Regulations.

7 China Species Import Process Species Import Application agreed refused Legislations Species Quarantine passed National Customs passed Import refused refused Transportation Utilization storage

8 IAS Monitoring Network China IAS Monitoring Network Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of of Environmental Protection State Forestry Administration General Administration of of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine State Oceanic Administration Agriculture Station Agriculture Station Environmental Monitoring Station Forestry Station Forestry Station Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine Agency at at Boundary Port Regoinal Oceanic Bureau Regoinal Oceanic Bureau Protected Areas, Ecological Function Zone, etc. Agriculture Ecosystems Forest Ecosystems Agriculture Ecosystems Marine Ecosystems

9 National Invasive Alien Species Investigations

10 CHINA IAS INVESTIGATIONS Ministry of Environmental Protection National IAS Investigation 2006 Typical National Protected Areas IAS Investigation 2008 Typical Provinces IAS Investigation 2009 International Biodiversity Day

11 National IAS Investigation

12 2003 INVESTIGATION When: December,2001-October,2003 Where: Lands, Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems of China Who: Experts from Whom: Micro-organisms, invertebrates, vertebrates, reptiles, fishes, birds, mammals, weeds, trees and other marine organisms.

13 2003 INVESTIGATION Index Scientific Name Chinese Name English Name Taxonomy Biology Population Distribution Economy & Ecology Impact Appearing time and location Transportation Invasion media Habitats Tropic level Life history Potential invasive areas Origin Prevention & controlling measures Pictures Other information

14 9% Species 12% 1% 2% 4% 7% RESULTS (2003) 59% 6% Micro-organisms Aquat i c pl ant s Land pl ant s Aquat i c i nvet ebr at es Land i nvet ebr at es Rept i l es Fi shes Mammal s IAS Taxa Species Percentage Micro-organisms Aquatic plants Plants Aquatic invertebrates Land invertebrates Reptiles Fishes Mammals SUM

15 Origin RESULTS (2003) Source Frequency Percentage 5% 1% 8% 10% 22% 54% Amer i ca Eur ope Asi a Af r i ca Oceani c Ot her America Europe Asia Africa Oceanic Other Total

16 RESULTS (2003) Invasion pathway Intentional i nt r oduct i on Uni nt ent i onal i nt r oduct i on Nat ur al di st r i but i on Unknown Per cent age

17 Affected ecosystems RESULTS (2003) Coast al / mar i ne, % Urban, 7.50% Fr esh wat er / wet l ands, 7. 20% For est ecosyst ems, % Agr i cul t ur e ecosyst ems, % Agr i cul t ur e ecosyst ems For est ecosyst ems Fr esh wat er / wet l ands Coast al / marine Ur ban 1200 trillion RMB Social & Economic Loss per year!!!

18 RESULTS (2003) 1st China Invasive Alien Species Name List Released by State Environmental Protection Administrative (SEPA) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in st China IAS (16 species) American White Moth (Hyphantria cunea (Drury) ) Internet resources Crofton Weed (Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.) photoed by Haigen XU, 2003 Mile-a-minute Weed (Mikaina micrantha H. B. K. ) photoed by Sheng QIANG, 2003 Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes(mart.) Solms. ) photoed by Sheng QIANG, 2003 Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata Spix ) Internet resources Giant African Snail (Achating fulica ) Internet resources Bull Frog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw ) Internet resources Lobdelly Pine Mealybug (Oracella acuta(lobdell) ) Internet resources

19 2006 Typical National Protected Areas IAS Investigation

20 2006 INVESTIGATION 序号自然保护区名称行政区域面积 ( 公顷 ) 级别类型部门调查时间 1 八仙山天津蓟县 1049 国家级森林生态林业 2006 年 5 月 2 古海岸与湿地天津市国家级海洋海岸海洋 2006 年 5 月 3 昌黎黄金海岸河北秦皇岛国家级海洋海岸海洋 2006 年 6 月 4 双台河口辽宁盘锦市国家级野生动物林业 2006 年 5 月 5 鸭绿江口滨海湿地辽宁丹东市国家级海洋海岸环保 2006 年 5 月 6 蛇岛 - 老铁山辽宁大连市国家级野生动物环保 2006 年 5 月 7 崇明东滩鸟类上海崇明县国家级野生动物林业 2006 年 7 月 8 九段沙湿地上海浦东新区国家级内陆湿地环保 2006 年 7 月 9 盐城沿海湿地珍禽江苏盐城市国家级野生动物环保 2006 年 6 月 10 大丰麋鹿江苏大丰市 2667 国家级野生动物林业 2006 年 6 月 11 泗洪洪泽湖江苏泗洪县省级内陆湿地环保 2006 年 4 月 12 大盘山浙江磐安县 4558 国家级野生植物环保 2006 年 5 月 13 南麂列岛浙江平阳县国家级海洋海岸海洋 2006 年 8 月 14 凤阳山 - 百山祖浙江庆元县国家级森林生态林业 2006 年 8 月 15 虎伯寮福建南靖县 2650 国家级森林生态林业 2006 年 8 月 16 武夷山福建武夷山市国家级森林生态林业 2006 年 8 月 17 漳江口红树林福建云霄县 2360 国家级海洋海岸林业 2006 年 8 月 18 鼎湖山广东肇庆市 1133 国家级森林生态其他 2006 年 8 月 19 惠东港口海龟广东惠东市 800 国家级野生动物农业 2006 年 8 月 20 昆嵛山山东烟台市省级森林生态林业 2006 年 6 月 21 铜鼓岭海南文昌市 4400 国家级海洋海岸环保 2006 年 9 月 22 东寨港海南海口市 3337 国家级海洋海岸林业 2006 年 9 月 23 大田坡鹿海南东方市 1314 国家级野生动物林业 2006 年 9 月 24 防城金花茶广西防城港市 9195 国家级野生植物环保 2006 年 9 月 25 十万大山广西上思县国家级森林生态林业 2006 年 9 月 26 山口红树林广西合浦县 8000 国家级海洋海岸海洋 2006 年 9 月 27 纳板河流域云南景洪市国家级森林生态环保 2006 年 9 月

21 2006 INVESTIGATION Huboliao Nature Reserves Habitats in Kun Lun Mt. National Nature Reserves Dongtan Wetland, Chongming, Shanghai Yancheng Costal Wetlands National Nature Reserves Jiu Duan Sha Wetlands Nature Reserves Tongguling Nature Reserves

22 菊科野塘蒿菊科薇甘菊菊科小飞蓬菊科羽芒菊

23 2006 INVESTIGATION Methods Transits: Daily Checking Route of nature Reserves Quadrates:1 1m or 2 2m in where IAS abundant Index: Population, coverage, species abundance, etc.

24 RESULTS (2006) Affected habitats IAS are mainly found in EXPERIMENTAL and BUFFER ZONE, often along roadsides, barren land grasslands rural buildings arable lands dykes secondary forests edge mudflat & wetlands, etc. 飞机草入侵东寨港保护区红树林崇明东滩保护区加拿大一枝黄花对芦苇的入侵盐城保护区互花米草入侵碱蓬群落薇甘菊入侵惠东港口海龟保护区大田坡鹿保护区内飞机草入侵

25 RESULTS (2006) Species 44 families 131 IAS, 119 plants & 12 animals; 111 unintentional introduction, 84.7% of total; Only 20 IAS are intentional introduced, 15.3% Amer i ca Eur ope Af r i ca Asi a Medi t er r anean Oceani a

26 2008 Typical Provinces IAS Investigation

27 2008 INVESTIGATION Target: Investigating the situation, Evaluating the damage and making the information available to public Range: Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Liaoning Province Species: IAS in 1st and 2 nd (may be published in 2009) China IAS Name List Cockroach (Blattella germanica Linnaeus ), from website Red swamp crayfish (Procambius clarkia Girad ), from website Canadanian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis ), from website coastal plain yellowtops (Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze ), from website Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren ), from website

28 2009 International Biodiversity Day Symposium on 22 May Photography Competition, 1 April 1 May Handbooks & Stamps, 1 April 1 May More activities on Province level, 22 May

29 IAS DATABASE Capital Normal University and The Nature Conservancy Source: TNC presentation

30 Constraints & Problems

31 Legislation System: Specific IAS law on state level is missing, many gaps between current legislations Coordination System: Coordination System is not perfect, many works needs to be done. Authorities functions have overlap and gaps. Scientific Research: Official standards/rules/methods on risk assessment, quarantine, environmental release, pre-caution, quick response and control need improved.

32 Plans in the Future

33 For Government Agency -Release Invasive Alien Speices Controling Law and other legislations -Coordination System reform, more rights and duties should be given to MEP -Public Awareness For Institutions -International co-operation on IAS issues -IAS investigations -Establishing ONE integrated IAS monitoring systems -Scientific standards/rules/methods research For Public -reporting -do not BUY or FEEDING them!

34 THANK YOU!

黑面琵鷺2015

黑面琵鷺2015 PG10402-0124 104-01-01 104 年度台江國家公園黑面琵鷺族群生態研究及其棲地經營管理計畫台江國家公園管理處委託研究報告 (104 年 ) ( 本報告內容及建議, 純屬研究小組意見, 不代表本機關意見 ) 中華民國 104 年 12 月 PG10402-0124