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1 純駁互見王國維與中國純文學觀念的開展一引言 : 過度的詮釋

3 (René Wellek) (Austin Warren)

4 (anachronism) 二純文學觀念的光譜 (Jonathan D. Culler) 9 11 (M. H. Abrams)

5 12 (Roman Jakobson) () () () () 15 (descriptive) (prescriptive) 12 M. H artist audience M. H

6 () () () () 16 (A. C. Bradley) (autonomous) A. C. Bradley, Oxford Lectures on Poetry (London: Macmillan; New York: St Martin s Press, 1965), p M. H

7 19 三猶有未達的前期探索 ( 一 ) 非實用的真理觀

9 (Idea) 33 (mimetic theories) M. H See Aristotle, Poetics, trans. Ingram Bywater (New York: Modern Library, 1984), p M. H

6 33 999 6-66 34 See Aristotle, Poetics, trans.

10 ( 二 ) 永久的精神利益說 ?

11 41 鬬

12 中國文哲研究集刊第三十四期實踐理性為宇宙人生之根本歟抑與現在利己之世界相比較而益使吾人 44 興無涯之感也則選擇戲曲小說之題目者亦可以知所去取矣葉嘉瑩雖然注意到靜安先生在衡量文學作品之內容時却自有其一套倫理學上 45 的價值標準可是她根據上引文字把王氏的倫理標準理解為對崇高人格之重視斷言王說與傳統之奬善懲惡的狹隘的載道說之觀念等關注一己之名 46 利絕不相同這種意見忽視了王國維對美術之務的基本看法並未能全面反映王氏的見解要真切理解王國維的倫理標準我們必須正視他所強調的永久精神利益說承認文學能為知識分子帶來的精神慰藉在王氏心目中這些慰藉作用甚至可與宗教相提並論吾人之獎勵宗教為下流社會言之此由其性質及位置上有不得不如是者若夫上流社會則其知識既廣其希望亦較多故宗教之對彼其力不能如對下流社會之大而彼等之慰籍不得不求諸美術美術者上流社會之宗教也可見他所標舉的非實用非功利之類說法只是從反面立論描述文學不是甚麼而已但要是從正面立說他則主張文學要能感動讀者洗滌讀者的精神這些說法仍然屬於文學功用說的範疇在艾氏的架構中這種以影響讀者教化讀者為目的的理論屬於第二層次其純粹程度較崇尚真理的文學觀僅略勝一籌 (三)天才之游戲事業在王國維早期引介的西方美學觀念中純文學程度最高的當推其天才遊戲說文學小言第二則云文學者游戲的事業也人之力用於生存競爭而有餘於是發而為游戲故民族文化之發達非達一定之程度則不能有文學而個人之 48 汲汲於爭存者決無文學家之資格也王國維文學小言十六同前註頁 6 葉嘉瑩王國維及其文學批評頁 9 同前註頁 60 王國維去毒篇靜安文集續編頁同前註頁

不得不求諸美術美術者上流社會之宗教也可見他所標舉的非實用非功利之類說法只是從反面立論描述文學不是甚麼而已但要是從正面立說他則主張文學要能感動讀者洗滌讀者的精神這些說法仍然屬於文學功用說的範疇在艾氏的架構中這種以影響讀者教化讀者為目的的理論屬於第二層次其純粹程度較崇尚真理的文學觀僅略勝一籌 (三)天才之游戲事業在王國維早期引介的西方美學觀念中

13 49 (Friedrich Schiller)

14 des Spieltriebes play-drive 珏珏 Friedrich Schiller, On the Aesthetic Education of Man, in a Series of Letters, ed. and trans. Elizabeth M. Wilkinson and L. A. Willoughby (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 00) (Schiller) 珏

Series of Letters, ed. and trans. Elizabeth M. Wilkinson and L. A.

15 ( 四 ) 功虧一簣的古雅說

17 (what)(how)

19 83 四每況愈下的後期實踐 ( 一 ) 境界說的內容性

20 (biconditional) (sufficient and necessary condition) Cf. W. V. Quine, Methods of Logic (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982), pp

21 ( 二 ) 不隔說與瑞恰慈硏 M. H

22 凭 (Richards) (Croce) 109 (New Criticism)

23 (theory of communication) 116 (state)

24 M. H a

25 127 ( 三 ) 一仍舊貫的自然說

27 穉

28 五結語 : 恰如其分的歷史定位

29 啓

31 (Terry Eagleton) See Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory: An Introduction (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1996), p. viiii. 159 Ibid., pp

32 純駁互見王國維與中國純文學觀念的開展 (anachronism) 關鍵詞 : 王國維純文學晚清文學批評文學理論 -200-

33 Wang Guowei and the Development of the Idea of Pure Literature in China LEE Kwai-sang Since the twentieth century, pure literature has been one of the fundamental ideas in the studies of Chinese literature. With this imported idea from the West, Chinese scholars were able to get rid of the traditional ambiguous views on literature, and eventually established the scope of modern literary disciplines, such as the history of Chinese literature, modern Chinese literature and the history of Chinese literary criticism. Unfortunately, due to the lack of knowledge concerning the development process of that important idea, quite a lot of academics wrongly hold that the autonomous text-oriented literary theory had already been introduced to China by Wang Guowei. These views not only give Wang Guowei false praise, but are also anachronistic. With regard to such misunderstanding, this article will begin with a meta-evaluation framework. Under this framework, every single literary idea of Wang Guowei will be examined so closely that we can rightly position his authentic achievement and clarify all of the improper over-interpretations. We believe that these expositions can also deepen our understanding of the development process of the concept of modern Chinese literature. Keywords: Wang Guowei pure literature Late Qing dynasty literary criticism literary theory -201-

34 徵引書目

35 99 啓 99 珏珏羣

36 M. H. 99 Aristotle, Poetics. Trans. Ingram Bywater. New York: Modern Library, Bradley, A. C. Oxford Lectures on Poetry. London: Macmillan; New York: St Martin s Press, Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, Quine, W. V. Methods of Logic. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, Schiller, Friedrich. On the Aesthetic Education of Man. Ed. and trans. Elizabeth M. Wilkinson and L. A. Willoughby. Oxford: Clarendon Press,

東華人文學報第二期

東華人文學報第二期 2000 7 291308 敖繼公儀禮集說駁議鄭注儀禮之研究提要關鍵詞 : 儀禮鄭玄儀禮注敖繼公儀禮集說禮學訓詁注釋學 291 敖繼公儀禮集說駁議鄭注儀禮之研究一前言 ( 一 ) 鄭玄朱熹禮學的地位和意義 : 292 ( 二 ) 關於敖繼公知人論世