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岭勋亥
7 years ago
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1 Vol. 35No. 5 September Population Research * % UrbanˉRural Divide and InsideˉOutside Disparity Unequal Access of Migrants to Social Securities in China Yang Juhua Abstract Drawing on the 2005 One Percent Population Survey data and utilizing multilevel modeling techniques this paper attempts to identify and understand comprehensively factors at multiple levels associated with the unequal contest in access to public resources due to urban - rural registration hukou type and locations of registration.analytical results illustrate that the levels and probability of access to unemployment insuranceold - age insurance and medical insurance among local urban residentsurban - to - urban migrants and rural - to - urban migrants differ significantlyand that all migrantsregardless of hukou typehave a lower likelihood of having social securities than local residents.within - group difference is also salient urban - to - urban migrants are more advantaged in access to social securities than rural - to - urban migrantswho are doubly disadvantaged due to rural hukou and being outsiders.such findings suggest that both hukou types and inside - outside locations of hukou are important for migrants access to social securitiesand hukou type is more important than hukou location. Keywords Urban - to - urban MigrantsRural - to - urban Migrants Social SecurityUnequal Access to Public Resources Author Yang JuhuaProfessorCenter for Population and Development Studies Renmin University of China. Juhua_Yang@ yahoo.com * 10BRK013 08JJD JZD0027

the 2005 One Percent Population Survey data and utilizing multilevel modeling techniques this paper attempts to identify and understand comprehensively factors at multiple levels associated with the

3 % % % % 5. 15% 2. 19% 3. 11% 5. 16% % % % 1 / % % % ~ /

4 ~ Table 1 Number and Percent of Rural - to - Urban Migrants and Local Residents in the Labour Market Who Have Social Securities by Security Types China Unit persons% % % % = = - 3-1

29 4266 18. 92 1417 6. 66 1846 8. 43 2416 10. 72 2537 11. 93 3980 18. 17 4942 21. 92 28310 29350 30210 10139 35. 81 10495 35. 76 10851 35. 92 11580 40. 90 18020 61.

5 Table 2 2 Urban - Rural Divide and Inside - Outside Disparity of Social Security of Migrants %

6 % 20% % ~ % 37. 4%

7 % /4 4 /5 4 / < = 2 3 ~ GDP binary logistic Poisson Poisson OLS

8 5 15 y ij = γ 00 + γ 01 G 1j + γ 10 χ 1ij + δ 0j + ε ij γ 00 γ 10 χ 1ij γ 01 G 1j δ 0j j ε ij j i δ 0j 1 δ 0j ε ij 2 δ 0j ε ij 0 τ 2 0j σ 2 2 0j 3 σ 0 τ 2 0j τ 2 0j 4 cov δ 0j ε ij = 0 y ij j i δ 0j % 47% 48% % % 1 2 / /5 1 /3 27-7% 14% 18% Figure 1 1 Level of Social Security by Migration Status and Types of Security

0 y ij j i δ 0j 5 5. 1 32% 47% 48% 1. 3 16-30. 7% - 6. 7% 1 2 /3 57 1.

9 /3 - - Figure Relative Social Security Level of Urban - to - Urban Migrants across Provinces Figure Relative Social Security Level of Rural - to - Urban Migrants across Provinces 2005 GDP 4 GDP GDP

Provinces Figure 3 3 - Relative Social Security Level of

10 5 17 GDP 5 1 GDP - 2 GDP - - Figure 4 4 GDP Association of Social Security and GDP Per Capita across Provinces by Migration Status Figure 5 5 GDP Association of Social Security and GDP Per Capita across Provinces among Migrants

by Migration Status Figure 5 5 GDP Association among

11 Table 3 Multilevel Modeling Results of Social Security for All Respondents China Coef. SE Coef. SE *** *** *** ~ ~ *** *** ~ *** *** *** *** * *** *** * *** < = *** *** *** *** > = *** *** = *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** = *** *** *** *** *** *** GDP *** *** *** *** sd _cons sd Residual Wald chi *** < ** < 0. 01

00 < = 0. 12 *** 0. 00 0. 10 *** 0. 00 0. 31 *** 0. 00 0. 27 *** 0. 00 > = 0. 44 *** 0. 01 0. 38 *** 0. 01 = - 0. 09 *** 0. 00-0. 09 *** 0. 00-0. 13 *** 0. 00-0. 14 *** 0. 00-0. 03 *** 0. 00-0. 04 *** 0.

12 Table 4 Multilevel Modeling Results of Social Security among Migrants China Coef. SE Coef. SE Coef. SE *** < =2 = 3 ~ *** ** *** *** *** *** = *** *** *** *** *** *** ~ 24 = 25 ~ *** *** *** ~ *** *** I * *** * *** *** *** * *** * < = = *** *** *** *** *** > = *** *** *** = *** *** *** *** *** *** * *** *** *** = *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** = *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** GDP *** *** *** ** *** *** *** sd _cons sd Residual Wald chi *** < ** < 0. 01

02 0. 02 *** 0. 01 35 ~ 44 0. 05 *** 0. 01 0. 24 *** 0. 02 0. 01I * 0. 01 45 0. 01 *** 0. 01 0. 03 * 0. 01-0. 01 0. 01-0. 01 *** 0. 00 0. 01 0. 01-0. 02 *** 0. 00 0. 06 *** 0. 01 0. 08 * 0. 03 0.

13 20 35 GDP - - GDP GDP 5. 3 logistic Poisson GDP

14 U 25 ~

15 %

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% % 2014 20 2 POPULATION & DEVELOPMENT Vol. 20 No. 2 2014 430073 2010 C913 A 1674-1668 2014 02-0033 - 11 The Analysis of the Social Security of Migrant Workers and Their Integration into Urban Society SHI