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1 5,, (, 0087) [ ], ; , probit : 3.5%,, ; ;,,,,, [ ] ; ; [ ] F2 [ ] A [ ] (207) ,, , ; , , 2.85%;, , 0.89%; , 43.34%, 202 2, 40%, 62% 2,, (Behagheletal.,205;Curto & Fry- er,204;su & Tong,205) (Carlisle & Rofes,2007), (Schaverien,20) (boardingschoolsyndrome) [ ] : 20,htp:// moe 633/20208/4305.html 2 :,2,htp:// news/203/8a5fc34a4af79625f0585f8c8343.pdf

2 6 (schoolbulying) ( ) (Olweus,993;997),, (Olweus,993) bulying, ;,,, (Chengetal.,200;Seals & Young,2003;Ttofietal.,20;,2003); (Ttofietal.,202),, (Zhu& Chan,205;Wangetal.,202;Chengetal.,200;Hazembaetal.,2008;,202;,2009;,2002;,2002) ; ;, :, ;, (Chengetal.,200;,2009), 30,,,, probit :, ; ;, (HealthBehaviorsinSchool-agedChildren), 2-3 3%,, 4%, %;, 2, 3, (Zhu & Chan,205;Wangetal.,202;Esleaetal.,2003;Chenget al.,200;hazembaetal.,2008;,2009;,2000;,2002), 20% (2009) (,999), 999 (HBSC), HBSC,, htp:// : (204), (200), (999)

3 7 ( 8 ) :,,,66.% 44.8% ;,, (Chengetal., 200) ( ), (25.7%), :, 2:, (Far- rington & Baldry,200;,2002;,2002);, (,2002;,2002); (Zhu & Chan,205;,2009), (,2008), (202),, (Zhu & Chan,205) 8, (CFPS)200, 3,,,,, (Pfeifer& Pinquart,204;White,2004),, (Moswela,2006),, (,2009;,203),,, (,204;,2008),, ;, (Olweus,993,2003;Scheithaueretal.,2006; Woods& Wolke,2004) ; 2 3 ;, 2-3,, :, (,2007) (Olweus,997), ; (205) :, Shu,B.B.andY.Y.Tong,205, BoardingatSchoolandStudents Wel-Being:TheCaseofRuralChina, presentedatpopulationassociationofamerica205annualmeetinsandiego.ca.april30-may2.

4 8 ;,, (Mooreetal.,202;Brad- shawetal.,205), :.: 2.: ( ), ( )2, 7676, 98.62%, 733 ( ). :, -2, 2-3,, (Olweus,993;Solberg & Ol- weus,2003) (cutofpoint) , 2-3, ; -2 0,, ( ),, : ; ; , 2-3, -2 0, %, (Wangetal., 202;Hazembaetal.,2008;,2009;,2002); (HSBC) ,, , , ( ) , 2 2, ; 2, 2, 2, :() ;(2) ;(3) ;(4)

5 9, ( ) 2-3 : 2.,,,, 0;, 3., ( ) (Seals & Young,2003;Spriggsetal.,2007;Zhu & Chan,205;,200),, 2:, ( =0; =),, ( =0; =) ( =0, =) :,,, 2, 3, 0,, 3,, 0, 2 3 Inchley,J.,Currie,C.,Young,T.,Samdal,O.,Torsheim,T.,Auguston,L.,Mathison,F.,Aleman-Diaz, A.,Molcho,M.,Weber,M.,Barnekow,V.,206.Growingup Unequal:GenderandSocioeconomicDifer- encesinyoungpeople shealthand Wel-being:HealthBehaviourinSchool-agedChildren(HBSC)Study:Inter- nationalreportfromthe203/4survey.healthpolicyforchildrenandadolescents(no.7).worldhealthor- ganisation,copenhagen. ;, (Angrist& Pischke,2009),,,, : 6 ; 9, / / 2, / 4, 6, 9

6 0 : ; 2;, 0 ( ) ( ) 3.5% N= % N= % N= % N= % N= % N= (0.839) N= % N= % N= % 35.7% N= % 49.8% 5.7% 4.4% N= % 9.204(2.607) N= (2.736) N= % N= (3.347) N=656 ( ), probit : P(total bulied)=βboard +γ X +ε P(sub bulied)=βboard +γ X +ε,total bulied sub bulied ( [verbal] [physical] [relational]) ;board ;X,ε ( ) probit,,, -.9, 2-2.9, 3-4.9, : 500, -.9.5, ; 0 0

7 ,,, probit (multilevelmixed-efects probitregression), ( ), (VIF).3(.79), (Tolerance) 0.55,, 2,,, 6.2%,, 3.7% 3.% 3.2%,,, 2 (probit ) Total Verbal Physical Relational.062 ***.037 ***.03 ***.032 *** *** (.007).05 ***.047 *** (.007).000 (.005).009 (.006).09 *** (.006).009 *** (.006).05 (.0) ** (.0) (.02) (.03) ** (.00) *** (.0) -.07 (.02) -.02 * (.0) (.00) * (.02).07 (.02).02 (.02).05 (.03) (residualvariation), (Mood,200;Wooldridge,2002: ), (205)

8 2 Total Verbal Physical Relational.02 (.0) (.0).005 (.0) -.00 (.0).09 (.020).08 (.08).058 *** (.020).035 ** (.07).035***.02 ** (.00).022 ** (.00).026 ** (.00) ** (.03).046 *** (.03).044 *** (.04).044 *** (.02) YES YES YES YES Waldchi *** 3.8 *** *** *** N :, ( ); * p<0., ** p< 0.0, *** p<0.00( ) ( ),, probit,,, ( iv-probit ),biprobit (Greene,20;Wooldridge,200) bulied * ( ),board *,bulied board : 烄 bulied * =βboard+γ X+μ ifbulied* >0,bulied=;0,otherwise. 烅烆 board * =r 2X+δZ+μ 2ifboard* >0,board=;0,otherwise.,X ;Z ( ); μ μ 2 () (2), ;, probit (Knapp & Seaks,998), () (2) ( ),, ;,, ;,,

9 3 E( μ )=E( μ 2)=0,Var( μ )=Var( μ 2)=,Corr( μ,μ )=ρ (biprobit ) Total Verbal Physical Relational.00 *** (.02).088 *** (.023).074 *** (.026).094 *** (.026) ***.050 ***.044 ***.00 (.005).008 (.006).09 *** (.006).007 (.006).09 * (.0) -.02 * (.02) -.06 (.03) -.0 (.03) ** (.00) *** (.0) -.08 (.02) ** (.0) -.06 (.0) ** (.02) ** (.03) * (.03).09 (.02).00 (.03).006 (.03).00 (.04).04 (.0) (.02).006 (.0).002 (.0).09 (.020).09 (.08).059 *** (.020).035 ** (.07).036*** (.00).08 * (.00).02 ** (.00).023 ** (.0) ** (.03).044 *** (.04).038 *** (.04).04 *** (.02) YES YES YES YES ( ).044 *** (.003).045 *** (.003).045 *** (.003).045 *** (.003) F Corr( μ,μ )[rho] Waldtestofrho= * 5.73** 3. * 6.73 *** Waldchi *** *** *** 06.8 *** N : ;

10 4 3,,, F 0,, 0%;, 8.8% 7.4% 9.4% 2, probit,biprobit,, probit biprobit,, ;, probit, : ( ),,,, ( ),, 2, probit biprobit, :, (Solberg & Olweus,2003),,, 2-3,,,,,,,, [0-] ( ), OLS, 3 2 3,, 95% probit 0 ( 8-2 ), , 8,, ( 400 ),,2 ( 400 ), ( 46%) 8 2, :,,,

11 5,,,,,, 206 5, ( ),,,, :() ;(2), ( ), :,,, ( ) ;,,, ;, ;,, ( ; Por- ticusasia ; ; ) [ ],2007: :,, :, 4 :,2002:, 2,2009:,203: 6, 6,,204:, 5, 4,202:, 0,205: Logistic, :,2003:,205: :,,,

12 6 tialof Urban Boarding Schoolsfor The Poor:Evidence fromseed,journalof Labor Economics,32(): Farrington,D.and A.Baldry,200, IndividualRisk FactorsforSchoolBulying,Journalof Aggresion,Con-,2009: 8 Eslea,M.,E.Menesini,Y.Morita,M.O Moore,J., A.Mora-Mercha n,b.pereiraand P.K.Smith,2003, 5 FriendshipandLonelinessamongBuliesandVictims:Da-,200: tafrom SevenCountries,Aggresive Behavior,30():7, -83.,2008: Greene,W.H.,2003,Econometric Analysis,Boston:, 7,202: Hazemba,A.,S.Siziya,A.S. Muulaand E.Ru-, 8 datsikira,2008, PrevalenceandCorrelatesofBeingBulied,2002: / amongin-schooladolescentsin Beijing:Resultsfrom the, BeijingGlobalSchool-based HealthSurvey,Ann Gen,2008:, Psychiatry,7. 2 Knapp,L.G.and T.G.Seaks,998, A Hausman,200: TestforaDummyVariableinProbit,Applied Economics, Leters,5(5): ,999: Mood,C.,200, LogisticRegression:Why WeCan-, 3 notdo WhatWeThink WeCanDo,and WhatWeCanDo,204: aboutit,european SociologicalReview,26():67-82., 5 Moswela,B.,2006, BoardingSchoolsasPerpetrators Angrist,J.D.andJ.S.Pischke,2008,Mostly Harm- ofstudents BehaviorProblems,Journalof SocialSci- les Econometrics: An Empiricist s Companion, New Jersey:PrincetonUniversityPress. Behaghel,L.,C.D.Chaisemartinand M.Gurgand, 205, Readyfor Boarding:The Efects ofa Boarding Schoolfor Disadvantaged Students,Warwick Economics Research PapersSeries (TWERPS)No.059,University of Warwick,Departmentof Economics,Coventry,Eng- land. Bradshaw,C.P.,T.E.WaasdorpandS.L.John- son,205, Overlapping Verbal,Relational,Physical,and ElectronicFormsofBulyingin Adolescence:Influenceof SchoolContext,Journalof ClinicalChild & Adolescent Psychology,44(3): Carlisle,N.andE.Rofes,2007, SchoolBulying:Do AdultSurvivorsPerceiveLong-Term Efects,Traumatol- ogy,3():6-26. Cheng,Y.,I.M.Newman,M.Qu,L.Mbulo,Y. Chai,Y.Chenand D.F.Shel,200, BeingBuliedand PsychosocialAdjustmentamong MiddleSchoolStudentsin China,Journalof School Health,80(4): Curto,V.E.andJrR.G.Fryer,204, ThePoten- flictand Peace Research,2():4-6. PearsonEducation. ence,3():37-4. Moore,P.M,E.S.HuebnerandK.J.Hils,202, ElectronicBulyingandVictimizationandLifeSatisfaction in MiddleSchoolStudents,SocialIndicatorsResearch,07 (3): Olweus,D.,993,Bulying at School: What We Know and What WeCan Do,Hoboken:Wiley-Blackwel. Olweus,D.,997, Buly/Victim ProblemsinSchool: FactsandIntervention,European Journalof Psychology of Education,2(4): Olweus,D.,2003, A ProfileofBulyingatSchool, EducationalLeadership,60(6):2-7. Pfeifer,J.P.and M.Pinquart,204, Bulyingin GermanBoardingSchools:A PilotStudy,SchoolPsychol- ogyinternational,35(6): Schaverien,J.,20, BoardingSchoolSyndrome:Bro- kenatachments A Hidden Trauma,British Journalof Psychotherapy,27(2): Seals,D.andJ.Young,2003, Bulyingand Victimi- zation:prevalenceandrelationshiptogender,gradelev- el,ethnicity,self-esteem,and Depression,Adolescence,38 (52): Scheithauer,H.,T. Hayer,F.Petermann and G. Jugert,2006, Physical,Verbal,and RelationalFormsof Bulyingamong German Students:Age Trends,Gender Diferences,andCorrelates,Aggresive Behavior,32(3):

13 Solberg,M.E.andD.Olweus,2003, PrevalenceEs- timationofschoolbulying withtheolweusbuly/victim Questionnaire,Aggresive Behavior,29(3): Spriggs,A.L.,R.J.Iannoti,T.R.NanselandD. L.Haynie,2007, Adolescent Bulying Involvementand PerceivedFamily,PeerandSchoolRelations:Commonalities anddiferencesacrossrace/ethnicity,journalof Adoles- cent Health,4(3): Ttofi,M.M.,D.P.Farrington,F.L seland R. Loeber,20, DotheVictimsofSchoolBuliesTendtoBe- comedepressed Laterin Life A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisofLongitudinalStudies,Journalof Ag- gresion,conflictand Peace Research,3(2): Ttofi,M.M.,D.P.FarringtonandF.L sel,202, SchoolBulyingasaPredictorofViolenceLaterinLife:A SystematicReviewand Meta-AnalysisofProspectiveLongi- tudinalstudies,aggresionand ViolentBehavior,7(5): Wang,H.,X.Zhou,C.Lu,J. Wu,X.Deng,L. Hong,X.Gaoand Y.He,202, AdolescentBulyingIn- volvementandpsychosocialaspectsoffamilyandschool Life:A Cross-SectionalStudyfrom GuangdongProvincein China,PLoS ONE,7(7):e3869. White,M.A.,2004, An Australian Co-Educational BoardingSchool:ASociologicalStudyofAnglo-Australian and Overseas Students Atitudes from Their Own Memoirs,InternationalEducation Journal,5(): Woods,S.andD.Wolke,2004, DirectandRelational BulyingamongPrimarySchoolChildrenand AcademicA- chievement,journalof SchoolPsychology,42(2): Wooldridge,J. M.,200,Econometric Analysis of CrosSectionand Panel Data,Cambridge:MITPress. Zhu,Y.andK.L.Chan,205, PrevalenceandCor- relatesofschoolbulying VictimizationinXi an,china, Violenceand Victims,30(4): ( ) AnEmpiricalStudyonStudentBulyinginBoardingSchoolsinRuralChina LU Wei,SONG Ying-quan,LIANGJing (ChinaInstituteforEducationalFinanceResearch,PekingUniversity,Beijing0087,China) Abstract:Thisstudyanalyzesbulyingproblemsinruralboardingschoolsbasedonsampleddatadrawnfromonehun- dredandthirtysevenschoolsintwoprovincesinchina.usingdescriptivestatisticalanalysisandtheprobit Model,the studyrevealsthattheprevalenceofbulyinginruralboardingschoolsamountsupto3.5%,asurprisingratiohigherthan thatinmosturbanschoolsoringlobalsurveys.specificaly,boardersaremorelikelytogothroughbulyingthannon-bor- ders.verbal,physical,andrelationalbulyingsarecommonlyseenamongboarders.theconclusionsarerobustafterusing instrumentalvariablemethodtodealwithunderlyingendogenousproblems.itsuggeststhatthecomprehensivemanagement ofschoolsecurityinchinashouldatendtothebulyingproblemsinruralboardingschools.theauthoritiesshouldimprove schools livingandsanitaryconditions,ensurethateveryboardingschoolhasenoughformaldormsupervisors,andbuildac- countabilitysystemforboardingschools. Keywords:ruralboardingschool;schoolbulying;board;instrumentalvariable